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1、Our interactive overview of global house prices and rents全球房价和租价互动概貌SCARCELY has one bubble deflated when another threatens to pop. While Americas housing bustthe crash that began the global financial crisisis near an end, adjustments elsewhere are incomplete. In a few countries, like China and Fran

2、ce, values look dangerously frothy. There is always trouble somewhere. And because buying a house usually involves taking on lots of debt, the bursting of this kind of bubble hits banks disproportionately hard. Research into financial crises in developed and emerging markets shows a consistent link

3、between house-price cycles and banking busts.一个泡沫很少在另一个泡沫行将破灭时自行减退。当美国房地产泡沫破裂（房地产暴跌导致全球金融危机）接近尾声之时，其他地方的一些调整措施尚在进行中。在一些国家如中国和法国房地产价格看上去依然是危险的泡沫。总会有地方有麻烦。并且，买房通常涉及承担大量贷款，这种类型的泡沫破裂之后，对银行造成的冲击会相当的大。对发达和新兴市场的金融危机的研究表明，房价周期与银行萧条有一致的联系。The Economist has been publishing data on global house prices since 20

4、02. The interactive tool above enables you to compare nominal and real house prices across 20 markets over time. And to get a sense of whether buying a property is becoming more or less affordable, you can also look at the changing relationships between house prices and rents, and between house pric

5、es and incomes.经济学人自2002年以来就开始发布全球房地产价格数据。您可以使用上面的互动式工具来比较不同时间段20个市场的房地产名义价格和实际价格。并且，对于购买物业是变得容易了还是难了，您可以看看房价和租价、房价与收入之间变化的关系，来作出自己的判断。Insurance 保险业经过两年下滑，全球保险业于2010年恢复增长。根据瑞士再保险提供的数据上，2010年保费收入按实值计算达4.3万亿美元，整体上增长了2.7。按总量计算，富国主宰市场，但增长集中在新兴市场。占全球市场份额四分之一多的美国去年保费名义上小幅上涨，但考虑到通胀因素，实际下跌。新兴市场的保费实质增长11。中国保

6、险市场虽然仍不及美国的五分之一，但它是去年增长最快的大市场，保费实际总额增长超过四分之一。After two years of decline, the global insurance industry returned to growth in 2010. Overall, insurance premiums rose by 2.7% in real terms to $4.3 trillion in 2010, according to Swiss Re, a reinsurance firm. Rich countries dominate the market by volume,

7、 but growth was concentrated in emerging markets. In America, which accounts for more than a quarter of the world market, premiums rose slightly in nominal terms last year, but fell after adjusting for inflation. Emerging-world premiums rose by 11% in real terms. Chinas insurance market, though stil

8、l less than a fifth the size of Americas, was the fastest-growing big market last year, with total premiums surging by more than a quarter in real terms.Women in politics女性从政A noticeable number of females related to leaders are now in high political office相当数量的一些与领导人有关的女性现居政治高位YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA, w

9、hose party won Thailands general election and who is the countrys presumptive prime minister, is far from the only female relative of a former leader to have taken over the family political mantle (Yingluck is the youngest sister of Thaksin Shinawatra, the prime minister ousted by the army in 2006).

10、 As our table shows, there are at least 20 such figures now active in politics, including three presidents or prime ministers and six leaders of the opposition or presidential candidates. (The region most receptive to female dynastic leaders seems to be South Asia. Two of the last three presidents o

11、f the Philippines have also been related to former presidents.) Historical figures are not available for comparison, but it is hard to think of any period when so many such women hold high political office. A remarkable number are daughters or other relatives of former strongmen: they are influentia

12、l in Ghana, France, Peru, South Korea, Guatemala, Kazakhstan and Italy. Perhaps women are thought best able to soften an authoritarian family brand, and make it more acceptable in a democracy.英拉西那瓦所在的政党赢得泰国大选，据信她将成为总理。不过作为接过家族政治重任的前领导人的女性亲属，她远非独一无二（英拉是他信最小的妹妹，后者在2006年被军队剥夺了权力）。正如经济学人表格所示，至少有20位英拉式的人

13、物现在活跃在政治舞台上，包括3位总统或总理、6位反对党领袖或总统候选人。（对女性王朝领导人最为接纳的地方似乎是南亚。菲律宾最近3位总统中，有两位都与前总统有关）。尚没有历史数据可以拿来比较，不过很难想象哪一个时期有如此之多的女性居于政治高位。相当数量的一些女性是前政治强人的女儿或者其他亲戚：她们在加纳、法国、秘鲁、韩国、瓜地马拉、哈萨克斯坦和意大利颇有影响力。可能人们认为女性最能软化独裁主义家族烙印，使其在民主国家更能被接受。Europes social media hotspots欧洲社交媒体的热点地区Which Europeans are the most enthusiastic, an

14、d the most fearful, social networkers哪些欧洲人最热衷社交网络，哪些欧洲人最害怕社交网络？WEB users in Germany are less likely to visit social networking sites than any of their European neighbours, according to a new study of internet habits published by the European Commission. Only 37% of German internet users make use of

15、such services, compared with 80% in Hungary. Indeed, internet geeks in the EUs eastern member states seem the most smitten by networking sites, with Latvia, Poland, Slovakia and Cyprus registering similarly high proportions of users. A similar report in 2010 found that Europeans are increasingly con

16、cerned about online data privacy. Viewed as a whole, EU citizens are now split over whether to worry about the misuse of personal data on social networking websites. Curiously, the Commission has also found that European countries with high percentages of social network users tend to have low percen

17、tages of online shoppers (and vice-versa). The suggestion that friending and spending are largely incompatible may be a cause for concern for social networks that still struggle to extract steady revenues from their mammoth memberships.根据欧洲委员会(European Commission)最新发布的一份互联网行为习惯的研究报告，德国的互联网用户比起其它欧洲国家

18、的网民较少访问社交网站。只有37%的德国网民使用这类服务，而匈牙利的比率是80%。此外，欧盟东部成员国的互联网极客们似乎受社交网站的吸引最深，拉脱维亚、波兰、斯洛文尼亚和塞浦路斯都有类似的高比例社交网站注册用户。2010年的一份类似报告发现欧洲人对于在线数据的隐私变得越来越担心。尽管欧盟居民被看作是一个整体，但是现在对于是否该对社交网站上个人信息的滥用担忧却出现了不一致的意见。有趣的是，该委员会还发现，社交网络用户比例高的欧洲国家其网购人数比例往往较低（反之亦然），暗示出交友和花钱在很大程度上不相容，这也许是社交网络要担心的一个问题（社交网络仍然在竭力从数量庞大的会员中攫取稳定的收益）。Com

19、mercial-property prices商业地产价格Soaring property prices played such an important role in the financial crisisfuelling ever more borrowingthat recovery is unlikely to be robust until the sector peps up. Figures from the Bank for International Settlements suggest that commercial property might at least b

20、e reaching an inflection point. Except in Ireland, where the dire state of banks is likely to curtail credit for some time, and Canada, which peaked late, prices are dropping gradually, if at all. American commercial-property prices have stopped falling, which may bode well for the residential marke

21、t, where the subprime crisis originated. But future interest-rate rises in America and Europe could yet strangle any recovery. 飞涨的房地产价格通过更进一步地刺激借贷对金融危机起了推波助澜的作用，房地产业如果不能振兴，经济复苏就不可能有强劲的势头。国际清算银行的数字表明，商业地产价格可能至少正在接近转折点。爱尔兰和加拿大除外，前者银行的恶劣状态可能会使其在一段时间内缩减信贷，后者的价格达到高峰值的时间晚一些，目前价格还在逐渐下降。美国的商业地产价格已停止下降，这可能是引

22、发次贷危机的住宅市场的好兆头。但是，美国和欧洲未来利率的上升有可能会抑制地产业的恢复。4天前 上传下载附件 (36.4 KB) The worlds biggest banks全球最大银行尽管在全球金融危机中遭受重创，但根据一级资本排名，美国银行在世界最大银行年度排行榜上仍据统治地位。据银行家，按照该标准，在危机期间收购了美林证券公司的美国银行于2009年取代摩根大通成为世界最大银行。另有三家美国银行名列十强。不过，最大并不意味着最盈利。去年，中国工商银行名列全球银行业绩榜首。在全球最盈利十大银行中，中美各有三家。世界第三大银行花旗集团去年同时跃升为第三大亏损银行。5天前 上传下载附件 (30

23、.17 KB) Despite their prominent role in the global financial crisis, American banks still dominate an annual list of the worlds biggest, ranked by their tier-one capital. According to the Banker, Bank of America, which bought Merrill Lynch during the crisis, became the largest bank in the world by t

24、his measure in 2009, displacing JPMorgan Chase. Three other American institutions make the top ten. Being the biggest does not, however, mean being the most profitable: ICBC, a Chinese bank, topped that global league table last year. America and China each have three banks among the worlds ten most

25、profitable. Citigroup, the third-largest bank in the world, also ran up the third-largest losses last year.Overheating emerging markets过热的新兴市场Which emerging economies are at greatest risk of overheating?哪一个新兴经济体过热的风险最大？ THIS chart, based on an analysis by The Economist, ranks 27 economies according

26、to their risk of boiling over. We take each economys temperature using six different indicators: the inflation rate, the unemployment rate relative to its ten-year average, GDP growth relative to trend, excess credit (the growth in bank lending minus the growth in nominal GDP), real interest rates,

27、and the forecast change in the current-account balance in 2011.根据经济学家的分析，该表将27个经济体按照失控风险排了座次。在测量各个经济体的热度时，一共用到6个不同的指标：通货膨胀率、（某年）失业率与10年平均失业率之比、（某年）GDP增长率与GDP趋势增长率之比、超额信贷（银行借贷的增长率和名义上GDP增长率之差）、实际利率以及2011年经常账户余额变化的预期值。Countries are first graded according to the risk of overheating suggested by each in

28、dicator (2=high risk, 1=moderate, 0=low). For example, if the growth in excess credit is more than 5% it scores 2 points, 0-5% 1 point, and below 0% nil. The scores from each indicator are then summed and turned into an overall index; 100 means that an economy is red-hot on all six measures.根据由每一指标表

29、明的过热风险，国家首先被评分（2分表示高风险，1分表示中等风险，0分表示低风险）。举例来说，如果超额信贷的增长率超过5%，它得2分；增长率在0-5%之间，得1分；增长率为负，得0分。随后，把每一个指标的分数进行加总，并转化成总体指数；100分表明经济在所有六项测量中属于炽热状态。There are seven hot spots where a majority of the indicators are flashing red: Argentina, Brazil, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Turkey and Vietnam. In particular

30、, the growth in credit is sizzling in all seven. Argentina is the only economy where all six indicators are on red, but Brazil and India are not far behind. China, often the focus of overheating concerns, is well down the rankings in the middle of the amber zone, partly thanks to more aggressive mon

31、etary tightening. Russia, Mexico and South Africa are in the green zone, suggesting little risk of overheating.有七个热点地方，大多数指标闪烁红色。它们是：阿根廷、巴西、香港、印度、印度尼西亚、土耳其和越南。特别是，这几个国家或地区的信贷增长都呈现出极热状态。阿根廷是唯一六个指标全线飘红的经济体，不过巴西和印度紧随其后。中国总是经济过热的焦点，不过部分由于更积极的货币紧缩政策，它的排名降到中间琥珀色区域。俄罗斯、墨西哥、南非在绿色区域，表明它们的经济没有丝毫过热的风险。The UNs

32、world drug report联合国的世界毒品报告The price of cocaine varies greatly between rich countries联合国毒品和犯罪署每年会发布一份世界各地非法毒品生产和消费的报告，许多数据引人入胜。今年的报告强调了一些有趣的趋势：尽管多方努力打击毒品，在过去20年中可卡因在欧洲的零售价还是持续下跌（即便根据通货膨胀和纯度调整了价格）。这或许可以解释对可卡因生产者而言，为何欧洲现在市场与美国一样巨大。下面我们挑选的数字显示出被选国家的可卡因价格差异以及这些地方的人均消费情EVERY year the United Nations Offic

33、e on Drugs and Crime publishes a report with lots of fascinating data on the production and consumption of illegal drugs around the world. This yearsreport highlights a few interesting trends: despite all the effort put into the war on drugs, the street price of cocaine in Europe has dropped relentl

34、essly over the past two decades (even adjusting for inflation and impurity). This may explain why Europe is now almost as big a market for cocaine producers as America. The numbers we have picked out below show the variations in price between a selection of different countries, as well as consumptio

35、n per person in those places.Employment outlook就业前景Which countries are most optimistic about hiring?根据就业服务公司Manpower对39个国家和地区的调查，其中有35个国家和地区今年第三季度就业前景乐观。雇主们在未来三月打算用于增加劳动力的净余额在印度和巴西达到最高点，分别是47%和37%。在意大利和西班牙，自2008年早些时候以来，雇主们对就业前景从未如此消极。并且他们的看法愈发悲观。相形之下，德国和加拿大迅速恢复元气，自低迷期以来显现出最积极的雇佣意愿。即便在5月份向欧盟东部（国家）工人开

36、放边境，德国失业情况还是急剧减少。近期，中央银行将其归因为“极其顺利的劳动力市场发展”。THE outlook for employment in the third quarter of this year is positive in 35 of the 39 countries and territories covered by Manpower, an employment-services firm. The net balance of employers expecting to increase the size of their workforces in the next

37、 three months is highest in India and Brazil, at 47 and 37 percentage points respectively. In Italy and Spain employers have been mostly negative about job prospects since early 2008, and their outlook is getting gloomier. By contrast, German and Canadian companies have seen a quick recovery, and re

38、port their most positive hiring intentions since the downturn. Even with the opening of its borders to the European Unions eastern workers in May, Germanys unemployment has been falling sharply. The central bank recently referred to its “extremely favourable labour market developments”.US interactiv

39、e交互式美国US interactive guide June 2011 AMERICAS recovery is now two years old, and new state-level GDP data reveal that most state economies are growing once again. Not everyone is growing at the same speed, however. In 2010, the Northeast and Midwest enjoyed relatively strong performances. New York a

40、nd Massachusetts grew by 5.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The Southeast and the West fared worse. Floridas economy grew just 1.4%, and Nevadas continued to shrink. Unemployment trends reflected varying growth experiences. Labour markets are relatively strong in the Northeast and improving rapidly across

41、 the Rust Belt. Jobless rates remain high across Americas Sun Belt.美国经济复苏已有两年，新的州级GDP数据表明大多数州的经济再次增长。不过，并非所有州的增速相同。在2010年，东北和中西部地区相对来说表现抢眼。纽约和马萨诸塞州各自的增长率分别是5.1%和4.2%。东南和西部地区进步要逊色一些。佛罗里达的经济只增长了1.4%，内华达州经济持续萎缩。失业趋势反映了不同的成长经历。劳动力市场在东北地区相对更景气一些，在美国中西部和东北部各州迅速改善。在美国南部各州，失业率依然居高不下。As the 2012 election cam

42、paigns warm up, the economic map looms large. Rapid improvement in the hard-hit industrial heartland may boost support for President Obama in bellwether states like Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. But the president may struggle to fend off a Republican challenger in struggling swing states like Col

43、orado, Florida, and Nevada. Economic discomfort is sufficiently widespread to have incumbents everywhere feeling nervous.随着2012年大选升温，经济地图隐约凸现。对工业腹地重灾区的迅速改善可能促进领头羊州如印第安纳、俄亥俄、宾夕法尼亚对奥巴马总统的支持。不过，在如科罗拉多、佛罗里达、内华达这样的摇摆州奥巴马可能要努力击退一位共和党人的挑战。经济不适足以蔓延使各州现任执政者感到不安。Endangered species濒危物种The latest estimates on e

44、ndangered species 关于濒危物种的最新估计OVER 19,000 species of animal and plant are in danger of extinction, up from just over 11,000 in 2000, according to the latest Red List of Threatened Species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Of those evaluated, nearly one-third are consider

45、ed threatened (critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable). Between 2000 and 2011 the number of species assessed by the IUCN grew by over 60%. This goes part way towards explaining why some groups now appear strikingly more endangered than before. Amphibians (frogs, toads and salamanders), for

46、example, were not “completely evaluated” (with more than 90% of species assessed) until 2004. But other factors have also had an impact: habitat loss, pollution, disease and invasive species. The news is best for mammals, whose complete dataset has made evaluation easier. The percentage of endangere

47、d species has actually fallen since 2000. And one antelope in particular, the Arabian Oryx, which was hunted to near extinction, now has a wild population of over 1,000.根据国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)最新发布的濒危物种红皮书，有超过1.9万个动植物物种面临灭绝的危险，而2000年的数字只有1.1万多。在那些被评估的物种中，有近1/3被认为是“受威胁”（极度濒危，濒危或者易受危害）物种。在2000到2001年间，IUCN评估的物

48、种数量增长超过60%。这部分可以解释为什么有些濒危种群的状况现在看起来明显比以前更加严重。例如，两栖类（青蛙，蟾蜍和蝾螈）直到2004年才被“全部评估”（超过90%的评估比率）。但是其它因素也会带来影响：栖地的流失、污染、疾病和入侵的物种。哺乳动物的状况最好（它有一个完整的数据库，这让评估变得更容易）。其濒危物种的百分比自2000年以来的确在下降。尤其是曾因猎杀而近乎灭绝的“阿拉伯羚羊(Arabian Oryx)”，其野生数量现在已经超过1000只。Graduate salary expectations毕业生薪水期望Female students expect lower salaries across EuropeWOMEN earn on average 17.5% less than men in the European Union. No surprise then, that female university students in Europe expect to earn less than men once they graduate. According to a recent report by Universum, a Swedish consultancy, women stud