四级翻译备考课件.ppt

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1、四级翻译备考,四级翻译备考,四级翻译备考课件,四级翻译备考课件,四六级词汇综合题型,15选10或短文回答汉译英 (核心语法&词组词汇)改错 (十大错误归类)完形填空 (高频词&形近意近词),四六级词汇综合题型,四级汉译英,考点1 语法考点 虚拟语气 倒装 从句 2 词组词汇考点 重复的高频词组注：极大的减少工作量,四级汉译英考点,虚拟语气,四级：06-6-89，06-12-89/90六级：大纲样题72，06-12-新72， 07-6-84，07-12-82， 08-6-83 08-12-84注：六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次虚拟语气。,虚拟语气四级：06-6-89，06-12-89/9

2、0,倒装,四级：大纲样题88，06-6-90，08-6-91六级：大纲样题76，06-12-新76， 07-6-83，07-12-86， 08-6-85注：同样地，六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次倒装。,倒装四级：大纲样题88，06-6-90，08-6-91,虚拟语气3大考点,1. 建议句型2. 对过去的虚拟3. 含蓄条件句 （仅六级考察，四级不做要求）,虚拟语气3大考点1. 建议句型,虚拟语气,1. 建议句型 a) Sb. suggest that one (should) do sth.建议 suggest advise, propose要求 require, request, de

3、sire命令 demand, order, command其他 recommend, insist, prefer注：不用背，只要看到知道后面用虚拟。,虚拟语气 1. 建议句型,虚拟语气,1. 建议句型 b) It is + adj. /Ved+ that sb. should do sthVed: 就是前面罗列的四类动词的过去式也用虚拟。adj: 好 reasonable, rational, wise, desirable, fair, natural 重要 important, vital, crucial, urgent, essential,虚拟语气1. 建议句型,虚拟语气,2 对过

4、去的虚拟If one had done sth. , one should/could/would have done sth.,虚拟语气2 对过去的虚拟,虚拟语气,对过去的虚拟与现在相反 If Ved, 主语 would eg: 如果上天再给我一次机会的话,我一定会对那女孩说三个字:我爱你 与将来相反 If should/were to,主语 would与过去相反 If had done,主语 would have done （这是考察重点） eg: 假如我再认真点的话，我就通过考试了。,虚拟语气对过去的虚拟,虚拟语气,3 含蓄条件句假设的情况不用从句if，而用介词/介词短语表示，如：oth

5、erwise, without, but for, in case of例:要不是你帮助我的话，我就没有机会上大学了。 If you hadnt helped me, (But for your help), I would not have had a chance to go to college.,虚拟语气3 含蓄条件句,虚拟语气,4. It is time that one did （过去式）是时候你该睡觉了。是时候该采取些措施来解决这个问题了。注：历史上没考过，所以没有正式归类。,虚拟语气4. It is time that one d,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-6-89The pr

6、ofessor required that _(我们交研究报告)。语法：虚拟1.建议句型词汇：hand in; research,真题-虚拟语气四级06-6-89,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-12-89The victim_ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 语法：虚拟2.对过去的虚拟 词汇：实意动词“有”和助动词have的重复,真题-虚拟语气四级06-12-89,真题-虚拟语气,六级大纲样题72It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同).语法：虚拟 1建议句型b形容词表重要词汇：签订合同,真题-

7、虚拟语气六级大纲样题72,真题-虚拟语气,六级06-12-新72If you had _(听从了我的忠告,你就不会陷入麻烦).语法：虚拟 2对过去的虚拟词汇：听从；陷入麻烦,真题-虚拟语气六级06-12-新72,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-6-84It is absolutely unfair that these children _ (被剥夺了受教育的权利). 语法：虚拟 1建议句型 b形容词“好”如fair, natural, reasonable, rational, desirable, wise词汇：剥夺权利,真题-虚拟语气六级07-6-84,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-12-89Bu

8、t for mobile phones, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 but for=与现在相反。词汇：通信；迅速和方便,真题-虚拟语气六级07-12-89,真题-虚拟语气,六级08-6-83Mary couldnt have received my letter,_.（否则她上周就该回信了）。语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 otherwise=与过去相反。词汇：回信,真题-虚拟语气六级08-6-83,六级最新真题：虚拟语气,2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive t

9、heir children of freedom （剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.语法：虚拟 1b) 形容词advisable引导的虚拟词汇：剥夺,六级最新真题：虚拟语气2008年12月20日的六级考试第84,倒装,倒装分为： 完全倒装&部分倒装在完全倒装（不做考点）中，动词完全提前地点状语提前 Hawaii School Motto当句首为副词 out ，in ，up ，down ，off ，here ，there 等，如：In came the doctor. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如：Long l

10、ive the Chinese Communist Party of China！（万岁）May the force be with you! （电影）,倒装倒装分为： 完全倒装&部分倒装,部分倒装,句首为否定或半否定的词语，如never,seldom,little,scarcely, hardly, not only but also. （前倒后不倒） no sooner than, hardly/scarcely when （前倒后不倒；前过完，后过） not until （前不倒后倒；前过完，后过）注：hardly/scarcely/no sooner had I when/than I

11、 became excited. 比较：not until I had did I became excited.Only在句首 写作经典句子：Only in this way can we solve this problem and build up an orderly and harmonious society.,部分倒装句首为否定或半否定的词语，如never,seldo,倒装真题,四级大纲样题88Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前。Not only前倒，

12、but also后不倒。词汇：要价。,倒装真题四级大纲样题88,倒装真题,四级08-6-9191._（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前中not until前不倒后倒；语法前过完后过。词汇：使命。,倒装真题四级08-6-91,四级08年12月91题,91. The anti-virus agent was not known _ （直到一名医生偶然发现了它）. 语法:如果not until不放句首则不倒装,切记! 词汇:“偶然” by accident/chance 或accidentally。 参考答

13、案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,四级08年12月91题91. The anti-virus,倒装真题六级,和虚拟语气一样，新题型中每次考试，倒装一题。可以预计，这次考试的翻译部分，虚拟语气（含蓄条件）和倒装（not until) 各一题。六级大纲样题76 The customer complained that no sooner _(他刚试着使用这台机器, 它就不运转了). 语法：部分倒装1.no sooner前倒，than后不倒；no sooner前过完，than后过。,倒装真题六级和虚拟语气一样，新题型中每

14、次考试，倒装一题。可以,倒装真题六级,六级06-12-新7676._ (直到截止日他才寄出)his application form. 竟然比四级简单!语法：部分倒装1.not until前不倒前过完；后倒后过去词汇：截止日（due to Wednesday),倒装真题六级六级06-12-新76,倒装真题六级,六级07-6-8383.Only in the small town _ (他才感到安全和放松).语法：部分倒装2. only句首，助动词提前。词汇：放松。,倒装真题六级六级07-6-83,倒装真题六级,六级07-12-86The witness was told that under

15、no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎).语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前。陷阱：中文翻译部分出现“不”,倒装真题六级六级07-12-86,倒装真题六级,六级08-6-85Never once _(老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago.语法：部分倒装1. 否定词提前，助动词提前；since现在完成时态词汇: 老两口；争吵。,倒装真题六级六级08-6-85,各类从句,定语从句主语从句状语从句,各类从句定语从句,四级08年12月87题 定语从句,87. Medical researchers are painfull

16、y aware that there are many problems_（他们至今还没有答案）. 解析：problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时。 参考答案：which/that they havent found answers to,四级08年12月87题 定语从句87. Medi,四级08年12月88题 主语从句,88. _ （大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.

17、解析：很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about。 参考答案：What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents,四级08年12月88题 主语从句88. _,四级08年12月89题 状语从句,89. Youd better take a sweater with you _（以防天气变冷）. 解析：“以防”，“in case”或“lest” 如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果

18、是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。 参考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold,四级08年12月89题 状语从句89. You,四六级真题中翻译部分的词汇词组考点,词汇考点是针对六级大纲词汇表中的核心词汇的考查。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，、名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达。有趣的是：有些单词和词组在翻译部分反复被考察，比如“方便”，“归因于”，“本能”等等。,四六级真题中翻译部分的词汇词组考点词汇考点是针对六级大纲词汇,四六级考试中词组的考点,四级大纲样题91By

19、 contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 词组：attribute/ascribe to引申：六级词综书p80/51; p111/65,四六级考试中词组的考点四级大纲样题91,单词“方便”,四级07-6-91Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).四级07-12-90I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更方便和省

20、时).,单词“方便”四级07-6-91,词组“遵守”,六级大纲样题75The workmen think _(遵守安全规则很重要).词组：遵守 comply with; abide by;引申：六级词综书p112/69,词组“遵守”六级大纲样题75,词组“nothing is er/more than”,四级06-12-88Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)六级07-12-83 In handling an embarrassing situation, _(没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了).,词组“nothing is e

21、r/more than”四,词组“ adapt (oneself) to ”,四级06-12-87Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_(适应不同文化中的生活)六级大纲样题73To our delight, she_ (进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).,词组“ adapt (oneself) to ”四级06-,词组apply to/ apply for,四级08-6-8787 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be

22、applied to the development of the new technology. （能应用于新技术的开发）主要考察apply to用法，考生应注意不要写成apply for，这个是表示申请。,词组apply to/ apply for四级08-6-87,词组 compared with/compared to,四级08-6-9090. Being compared with the place where I grew up,（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构，注意主语t

23、his town与动词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词；第二点需要注意的是“我成长的地方”考察的是定语从句，并且grew用过去时。,词组 compared with/compared to四级,词组 whatever/ no matter what 不管是什么,四级08-6-8989. Leaving ones job, whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is,（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.当引导让步状语从句时

24、，whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。,词组 whatever/ no matter what,比较四级07年12月的89题,89. I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).no matter what sacrifice I am going to make/ whatever sacrifice I will ma

25、ke,比较四级07年12月的89题89. I am going t,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,2007年12月的六级考试85题 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).本题的考点为behavior, depend on/upon, instinct等基础词汇和固定词组的基本用法。,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“2007年12月的六级考试85题,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,巧合的是, 这里的“依赖、依靠”在紧接的后一次2008年的6月的六级考试的第86题又出现了：_（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）the

26、 quality of education of its people.,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“巧合的是, 这里的“依赖、依靠”在,单词“本能”,2007年的12月六级考试的第85题Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mainly upon their instincts (而动物的行为主要依靠本能). 2008年12月20日的六级考试第83题 It was very dark, but Mary seemed to know which way to take by i

27、nstinct.（本能地知道该走哪条路）,单词“本能”2007年的12月六级考试的第85题Human,本能-本能地; 偶然-偶然地,Instinct- instinctively; by instinctAccident-accidentally; by accident四级08年12月91题:91. The anti-virus agent was not known （直到一名医生偶然发现了它）参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,本能-本能地; 偶然-偶然地Instinct- ins,词组“剥夺”；语法“虚

28、拟语气第一种”,2007年6月的六级考试的第84题 It is absolutely unfair that these children be deprived of the right to receive education(被剥夺了受教育的权利).2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom （剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.,词组“剥夺”；语法“虚拟语气第一种” 2007年6月的六

29、级考,非谓语动词,1 to do vs. to + doingSpend time/money in doing; have troubles in doing sth.,非谓语动词,accuse sb. of doing sth. object to; contribute to; attribute to,accuse sb. of doing sth.,prefer A to B; preferable to sth. prior to; posterior to; superior to, inferior to; junior to; senior to,prefer A to B;

30、 preferable to,adapt to; adapt oneself to sth. entitle sb. to sth. ; access to sth.,adapt to; adapt oneself to,非谓语动词,doing vs. done - 主动分词和被动分词,非谓语动词doing vs. done,基础语法单复数问题,单数可数名词 必须有冠词或者复数冠词 a vs theTheres a Mary waiting for you outside.The Mary who is pretty is waiting for you outside.,基础语法单复数问题单

31、数可数名词 必须有冠词或者复数,Computer, compete, completeCombine common, commentConnect, content, consent, content,Computer, compete, complete,Put in input,Ambition ancientImprison, innocent relief, grief, brief, believe, conceive, perceive,Put in inputAmbition ancient,www. shnosbbs. com,句型固定搭配Either or; Neither

32、norNo sooner than; Hardly whenNot only but also,www. shnosbbs. com句型固定搭配,Not that, but thatThe more , the more rather than in case (that) ,Not that, but that,Warm-up,Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活）。adapt oneself to the life in different cultures.,Warm-u

33、pSpecialists in intercul,The victim _(本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.could have a chance to survive/ could have survived,The victim _(本来有机会活下来）if h,Some psychologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独）.who are not home/ traveling out/ out of their hometown may feel lonely.,Some psy

34、chologists claim that,（为了挣钱供我上学）,mother is working more than is good for her.In order to make money to send me to school/ finance my education,（为了挣钱供我上学）,mother is wor,Warm-up,The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度）.at the speed of 12 million per year.,Warm-upThe nations population,

35、The professor required that_(我们交研究报告） by Wednesday.we hand in/ turn in/ submit a/the research report (s).,The professor required that_,Not only_(他向我收费太高）， but he didnt do a good repair job either. did he charge me to much,Not only_(他向我收费太高）， but,Even number 10 11 odd number Were I you, ; Had he fini

36、shed the job, ,四级翻译备考课件,总结：倒装否定前置引起倒装；表语前置引起倒装; 虚拟语气引起倒装,总结：倒装,The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂）.the more confused I am.,The more you explain, _,Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）.Nothing is er /more than nothing is more attractive to me than reading,Since my childhood I have foun,Si

37、ng dance pay have dinner/a cup of teaHis body is very healthy. He is physically/mentally healthy.He is no longer dangerous.,Sing dance pay,72 If you had _( 听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦）. followed my advice, you would not have been in trouble (put yourself into trouble),72 If you had _( 听从了我,73 With tears on her

38、 face, the lady_(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.watched her injured son being sent into the surgery,73 With tears on her face, the,74 After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.were/ have been suggested not to go to that country for now/ for the moment,74 After the terrorist attack,It being Sunday, the l

39、ibrary is closed.Knowing that he was sick, the teacher didnt blame him for being late,It being Sunday, the library i,75 I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）.via/through/with emails instead of / rather than phone calls,75 I prefer to communicate wi,76 _(直到截止日期他才寄出） his applicati

40、on form.It was not until the deadline did he,76 _(直到截止日期他才寄出） hi,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的1 主谓一致 they do (are) it/he - does (is),错误类型第一类 必须掌握的,2 名词问题 A. 冠词和复数 B. a 和the C. 复数D. 可数和不可数,2 名词问题,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的3 代词一致He hated failure, he has conquered it all his life, has risen above it, and despise it of the others

41、. it; they4 时态一致,错误类型第一类 必须掌握的,错误类型,第二类 尽量改出来5 固定搭配More than; one another/the otherNo sooner than; hardly when; either or, neither nor,错误类型第二类 尽量改出来,6 非谓语动词 doing vs. done; to do vs. doing7 定语从句 what (the thing that), which, that,6 非谓语动词 doing vs. done; to do,8 形容词和副词形容词和名词的混淆；形容词和副词混淆原级、比较级和最高级混淆,8

42、 形容词和副词,错误类型,9 平行结构 and/or 10 熟悉的词组 even- even though/if; as- as though/if; used to do- be/get used to doing,错误类型9 平行结构 and/or,11 反义词 no; left/right, right/wrong; direct/ indirect; successful/ unsuccessful 12 关联词,11 反义词,完形填空语法考点：定语从句It is thatPrep. + ?, ?What 从句 what = the thing that,完形填空,连接词和关联词,Si

43、nce；AsWhile, although, thoughUntil； Once,连接词和关联词Since；As,Even more thanNonetheless, nevertheless, whereasTherefore, besides, anyhow, somehowotherwise, unless,Even more than,Serve, serve forroom serviceobserve, reserve, deserve, preserveServe for; room serviceObservation, observatory,Serve, serve for

44、,I want to reserve a table for five.I am calling to make a reservation.Being reservedNatural Conserve(强调节约）/Preserve （强调保持）,I want to reserve a table for,ensure, assure, insureeffective, efficient; effect, affect, affectionadapt, adopt,ensure, assure, insure,urgent, emergent; purpose, target;persist

45、, insist;sign, signal;abolish, cancel, postponedecline, refuse, reject,urgent, emergent;,considerable, considerate;continual, continuous;constant, consistent, incessant,considerable, considerate;,transform, transmit, transact, transplant, transferimpress, express, compress, depressdepression,transfo

46、rm, transmit, transact,abide, adhere;conform, comply;consist, compose, constituterise, arise, raise, arouse, rouse,abide, adhere;,require, request;accident, incident;contribute, attributeanyhow, somehow,require, request;,超纲词,大写专有名词Himalayas；Alps； El Nino； Sri LankaGeneral Eisenhower; Churchill,超纲词大写

47、专有名词,mad cow disease; the South Pole; foot and mouth disease; bird flu,mad cow disease;,Native Americans; the Old Continent (continental, the Continent)the New World,Native Americans;,TsunamiBig BangBSE Bovine Spongiform; Encephalopathy,Tsunami,Taikonautcosmonaut, astronaut astrology, astronomycosmos, cosmic,Taikonaut,