第21章 螺旋体课件.ppt
《第21章 螺旋体课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第21章 螺旋体课件.ppt(66页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、第二十一章 螺旋体(spirochete),第一节 钩端螺旋体属第二节 密螺旋体属第三节 疏螺旋体属,螺旋体(spirochete)是一类细长、柔软、螺旋状、运动活泼的原核细胞型微生物;基本结构与细菌相似,有细胞壁、原始核质,以二分裂方式繁殖和对抗生素等药物敏感等。,Syphilis - Treponema pallidumLeptospirosis - Leptospira interrogans Relapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentis Lyme disease - Borrelia burgdorferi,Spirochete diseases of
2、humans,螺旋体目致病性螺旋体的种类,Spirochete structure,protein,fatty acids,Borrelia burgdorferi,Treponema pallidum,Leptospira,病原性螺旋体的特性,第一节 钩端螺旋体属(Leptospira),问号状钩端螺旋体(L.interrogans) 双曲钩端螺旋体(L.biflexa),螺旋细密、规则,形似细小珍珠排列的细链。一端或两端呈钩状。菌体常呈C、S或8字型革兰染色阴性,不易着染Fontana镀银染色法染成棕褐色运动活泼,形态与染色,一、生物学性状,营养要求较高,常用含10兔血清的Korthof培
3、养基适宜生长温度为2830,最适pH7.27.6钩端螺旋体在人工培养基中生长缓慢。在液体培养基中,培养一周左右,呈现为半透明云雾状生长需氧或微需氧,培养特性,Korthof培养基,成分蛋白胨400mg ,氯化钠700mg ,碳酸氢钠10mg,氯化钾20mg,氯化钙20mg,磷酸二氢钾120mg,磷酸氢二钠44Omg ,蒸馏水500ml,无菌兔血清(灭活)8-10ml。将各成分溶于蒸馏水内煮沸20min ,以滤纸滤,调至pH 为7.2 ,分装烧瓶内每瓶100ml,121 灭菌20min ; 无菌采取兔心血分离血清,置56 水浴箱中30min以破坏补体;上述蛋白胨盐溶液每100ml中加入无菌兔血清
4、8-10ml;混合后,用无菌分装中号试管中,每管5ml;置56 水浴箱30min ; 37 温箱中孵育2 天,剔去污染者。,抵抗力: 弱,热抵抗力弱,601min即死亡0.2%来苏、1:2000升汞、1%石炭酸经1030min被杀灭对青霉素敏感在湿土或水中可存活数月,抗原性,属特异性蛋白抗原(genus-specific protein antigen)糖蛋白或脂蛋白群特异性抗原(serogroup-specific antigen)脂多糖复合物型特异性抗原(serovar-specific antigen)菌体表面多糖显微镜凝集试验 (microscopic agglutination te
5、st, MAT)凝集吸收试验(agglutination absorption test, AAT),分 型,全世界已发现及确定有25群和273血清型国内已发现19群和74个血清型,是世界上发现血清型最多的国家,主要菌群:波摩那群(pomona)黄疸出血群(icterohaemorrhagiae)犬群(canicola)流感伤寒群 (grippotyphosa)七日热群(hebdomadis),Leptospirosis is a widely spread disease of global concern. Infection causes flu-like episodes with f
6、requent severe renal and hepatic damage, such as haemorrhage and jaundice. In more severe cases, massive pulmonary haemorrhages, including fatal sudden haemoptysis, can occur. Here we report the complete genomic sequence of a representative virulent serovar type strain (Lai) of Leptospira interrogan
7、s serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae consisting of a 4.33-megabase large chromosome and a 359-kilobase small chromosome, with a total of 4,768 predicted genes. In terms of the genetic determinants of physiological characteristics, the facultatively parasitic L. interrogans differs extensively from two ot
8、her strictly parasitic pathogenic spirochaetes, Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi, although similarities exist in the genes that govern their unique morphological features. A comprehensive analysis of the L. interrogans genes for chemotaxis/motility and lipopolysaccharide synthesis provide
9、s a basis for in-depth studies of virulence and pathogenesis.The discovery of a series of genes possibly related to adhesion, invasion and the haematological changes that characterize leptospirosis has provided clues about how an environmental organism might evolve into an important human pathogen.R
10、en SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, Zhang YX, Xiong H, Lu G, Lu LF, Jiang HQ, Jia J, Tu YF, Jiang JX, Gu WY, Zhang YQ, Cai Z, Sheng HH, Yin HF, Zhang Y, Zhu GF, Wan M, Huang HL, Qian Z, Wang SY, Ma W, Yao ZJ, Shen Y, Qiang BQ, Xia QC, Guo XK, Danchin A, Saint Girons I, Somerville RL, Wen Y
11、M, Shi MH, Chen Z, Xu JG, Zhao GP. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2003 Apr 24;422(6934):888-93.,流行环节,传染源:多种动物,在感染动物肾脏内长期存在,随尿排出传播途径:直接接触传播,带菌尿污染环境,人可通过收割水稻、接触雨水、洪水或其他机会,通过皮肤粘膜细微破损处感染母婴传播人群易感性:人群普遍易感,隐性感染率高,流行特征,流行地区
12、:遍及全世界,以热带及亚热带地区多见。国内26个省市自治区均有本病发生或流行,以长江流域及其以南、东南沿海及西南各省市自治区较严重,近年来发病率有所下降,但在部分地区仍有流行发病季节:多在雨季夏秋季(69月),8、9月为高峰青壮年、农民、渔民及下水道工人等高发,致病性与免疫性,致病物质-类似细菌内毒素与外毒素,内毒素样物质(ELS)或称脂多糖样物质(LLS) 溶血素: 破坏红细胞膜 细胞毒性因子(CTF) 致细胞病变作用(CPE)物质,所致疾病:,钩端螺旋体病(leptospirosis): 一种人畜共患传染病。,传染源,传播途径,鼠和猪,粘膜或破损皮肤胎盘垂直传播,临床表现,疾病特点,起病急
13、、高热、乏力、全身酸痛、眼结膜充血、腓肠肌压痛、表浅淋巴结肿大,Pathogenesis Leptospira enters the host through mucosa and broken skin, resulting in bacteremia. The spirochetes multiply in organs, most commonly the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. They are cleared by the immune response from the blood and most tissues b
14、ut persist and multiply for some time in the kidney tubules. Infective bacteria are shed in the urine. The mechanism of tissue damage is not known.,发病机理,钩端螺旋体 皮肤或黏膜 (血流) 全身毛细血管的中毒性损 (早期) (中期) (恢复期) 感染中毒期 器官损害期单纯败血症 (leptospitemia) 迟发型变态反应 肺出血 后发热 内脏损害 肝炎 反应性脑膜炎 间质性肾炎 眼部炎症 脑膜脑炎 闭塞性脑动脉炎,临床表现,潜伏期220日,一
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 第21章 螺旋体课件 21 螺旋体 课件
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-1606504.html