脑白质病课件.ppt
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1、.,1,脑白质病(white matter diseases),北京大学第一医院肖江喜,.,2,脑白质正常结构和发育(white matter structure and evelopment),.,3,正常成人脑成分,.,4,正常脑组织信号特征,.,5,婴幼儿,新生儿与成人信号相反,随月份变化.3-6月:T1WI灰白质等信号 (做T2WI)9-18月: T2WI灰白质等信号 (做T1WI),.,6,婴幼儿白质髓鞘化,婴幼儿出生前(胚胎7月)至18月,髓鞘发育最快,18-24月基本接近成人水平。髓鞘发育顺序:由头尾 背侧腹侧 感觉运动,.,7,新生儿(足月),T1W观察髓鞘化好内囊后肢,放射冠
2、中央,大脑脚,丘脑腹外侧,小脑上下脚,脑干背侧,.,8,1-2月婴儿,中央前后回视放射内囊后肢小脑深部脑干背侧腹侧,.,9,新生儿(足月),3月:小脑中脚(3月完全)4月:胼胝体压部、半卵圆中心4-5月:内囊前肢5月:胼胝体,.,10,新生儿(足月),7月:枕叶,顶叶8-9月:额叶10月:颞叶18月:与成人相似15-30月:三角区周围,白质联络纤维,.,11,正常白质髓鞘化,T1W、T2W白质髓鞘化不同步通常T1W看发育, T2W看成熟内囊前肢:4-5月, T1W高信号;7月T2W 低信号半卵圆中心:3月, T1W高信号;8月T2W 低信号,.,12,.,13,.,14,.,15,.,16,.
3、,17,脑白质病分类(Vinters,Farrell),原因不明脱髓鞘髓鞘形成不良全身因素(代谢和电解质)感染、感染后或类感染/炎症“中毒”脑白质病,.,18,脑白质病分类(Valk,Van der Knaap),先天遗传性脑白质病后天获得性脑白质病非感染-炎症感染-炎症中毒-代谢低氧缺血外事性,.,19,Common metabolic disorders based on organelle involved,Predominant white matter involvementMetachromatic leukodystrophyKrabbes diseasePredominant
4、gray matter involvementGM1-gangliosidosisNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosismucolipidosis,.,20,Common metabolic disorders based on organelle involved,Both gray and white involvementGM2-gangliosidosesMucopolysaccharidosesMannosidosisDisorder of the peroxisome(predominant white matter involvement)Zellweger
5、s syndromePseudo- Zellwegers syndromeNeonatal adrenoleukodystrophyX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy adrenoleukodystrophyInfantile Refsums disease,.,21,Common metabolic disorders based on organelle involved,Disorder of mitochondriaLeigh-subacute necrotizing encephalopathyMELAS- myopathy,encephalopathy ,l
6、actic acidosis,strokeKearns-Sayre syndromeMERFmyopathy,encephalopathy with ragged red fibersAlpers disease,.,22,Common metabolic disorders without specific organelle involved,Disorders of Amino acid metabolismOculocerebrorenal syndrome(lowes disease)PhenylketonuriaMaple syrup urine diseaseNonketotic
7、 hyperglycinemiaHyperhomocysteinemiaUrea acid cycle defects,.,23,Common metabolic disorders without specific organelle involved,Organic aciduriasMethylmelonic aciduriaProprionic aciduriaGlutaric aciduria type IPrimary disorder in myelin formationCockaynes syndromePelizaeus-merzbacher diseasetrichoth
8、iodystrophy,.,24,Common metabolic disorders without specific organelle involved,Disorders with macrocraniaCanavans diseaseAlexanders diseaseHepatic disorders with neurodegenerationWilsons diseaseGalactosemiaChronic hepatic encephalopathyCarnitine deficiency,.,25,Common metabolic disorders without sp
9、ecific organelle involved,Miscellaneous disordersNeuroaxonal dystrophyHallervorden-spatzSeitelbergers diseaseNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosisCongenital muscular dystrophy with white matter changesMultiple sclerosis,.,26,仅累及白质病变,边缘白质早期受累大头MRS有大的NAA峰-海绵病额叶受累, MRS有较小的NAA峰-Alexander病头正常大小-半乳糖血症(Galactosem
10、ia),.,27,仅累及白质病变,深部白质早期受累丘脑异常-Krabbe病丘脑正常特殊纤维受累过氧化物酶体异常非特殊纤维受累异染性脑白质病PKU枫浆尿病Lowe病放疗/化疗性,.,28,仅累及白质病变,髓鞘形成不良P-M病Trichothiodystrophy非特异白质改变(弥漫,单侧/双侧、不对称)非酮体性高血糖症尿素循环异常胶原血管病脱髓鞘病白质病晚期,.,29,原因不明脱髓鞘(idiopathic demyelinating condition),多发硬化和变异,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,异染性脑白质营养不良(Metachromatic leukodystrophy),.,
11、34,.,35,.,36,.,37,.,38,.,39,.,40,.,41,.,42,.,43,球形细胞脑白质营养不良,又称 Krabbes病,为常染色体隐性遗传,属溶酶体病的范畴,基本代谢缺陷是半乳糖脑苷脂半乳糖酶缺乏,导致半乳糖脑苷脂蓄积于脑内 临床上根据发病年龄可分为婴儿型、晚婴型、青少年型和成人型 早期GLD在CT上可见双侧丘脑、尾状核体、放射冠、内囊后肢、小脑和大脑皮层内有散在细小钙化灶 GLD的MRS改变与MLD相似,有mI、Cho、Cr值升高,但NAA的降低比MLD更明显,且可见Lac峰升高,.,44,球形细胞脑白质营养不良,MRI上表现为脑白质、丘脑、尾状核、脑干及内囊后肢内的
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