语法英语词性分类及用法课件.ppt
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1、词性的分类,词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。,名词的概念,1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:apple 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family (以上两类属于可数名词)3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念,如:work ,happiness,名词复数的规则变化,其它名词复数的规则变化,1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直 接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2
2、) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如: photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos; b. 加es,如:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数; 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;,名词复数的不规则变化,1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men
3、woman-women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,flower,flowers,找规律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I oft
4、en go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singi
5、ng. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vege
6、tables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg. He is my friend. Its me. They are from China. She len
7、t me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?,二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表,通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法,应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。Eg. I like his car. Our school is here and theirs is there.This is your picture. And that is mine.,三、 指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词
8、。,Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.,四、自身代词,也称为反身代词表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词。,eg. I want something hot. Do you need some coffee? There is nothing good. All of you are students.,六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,e
9、very-,no-加上body,one,thing的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。,七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句),What are you?Who is his coat?Whose bag is this?Which do you prefer? The blue one or the white one?Could you tell me what is his name?Mother asked which one
10、 I wanted.,1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher.2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他们的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_(我).6. People get _(他们的) money from_(我).7._(他们) are new students. _(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily.8. These are _(我们的
11、) shoes. Can _(我们) wear _(它们).9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _(她), and _(她) loves _(他),too.11. _(我) love _(你), and _(你) love _(我),too.,I,You,my,his,She,Their,their,me,it,They,Their,me,our,me,them,we,He,your,you,you,you,her,I,him,she,形容词,用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词。,注意:1.有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afr
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