英语专业四级写作强化训练PPT资料课件.ppt

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1、Pattern & imitation,范文以及模拟练习,范文,To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what

2、 you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.,模拟练习,To be a good home tutor, you need some of the gifts of a good baby-minder: you must be able to attract your students, make the child admire you and obey you; you must take good care of the child; and you must be able to share the childs sad

3、ness and straighten out his or her problems.,Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit motionless before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings.,范文,模拟练习,

4、Watch a good policeman, and you will see that he does not stand motionless in the street: he walks the whole time he is on duty; he scans around, his head swiveling vigilantly and his eyes fixing at any suspect.,The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt mean that he w

5、ill indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teachers work and the actors.,范文,模拟练习,The fact that a good basketball player has some of the gifts of a good football player doesnt mean that he will indeed be able to play well on the football field, f

6、or there are very important differences between the basketball players work and the football players.,A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont understand something, they say so. The

7、 teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.,范文,模拟练习,A good chef works in quite a different way. He concerns about the appraisal of his customers they are the judges of his work. There

8、fore, he has to cook dishes appealing to their tastes and interest. For a Cantonese customer, he would probably not cook him a hot and spicy dish, and hell be blamed if he offers some pork to a Muslim. “Always at your service” this is the motto of his job. He does not cook whatever he wants to cook

9、because hes waiting for your order.,I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because their brains wouldnt keep discipline: they could not keep strictly to what another had written.,范文,模拟练习,I have known many learners who were fine painters

10、in the background of society but were unable to draw a real painting because the meaning and the value of their job is to give all the people a satisfied, pleasing scenery.,Lectures of Writing Skillsfor TEM-4,技巧讲座,如何论述一个不言自明的问题?,如果是有待分析或争论的作文题, 都容易展开思路, 有话可写。 如果题目是一个公认的道理, 不言自明, 应当如何写呢?建议运用原意扩展的技巧,

11、把这种技巧发挥得淋漓尽致。 下面通过分析一篇较典型的范文, 来演示这方面的思路。,题目： The Importance of Confidence,confidence(信心)的重要性是不言自明的。 但非得把这个主题演绎为一篇三段式的作文。先考虑用词。 由于文中不可避免地要多次提到信心,缺乏信心这样的内容, 不能总是用confidence或lack of confidence。,语言要丰富, 先要考虑有哪些同义表达和反义表达:,Confidence - faith - build up faith - feel capable of doing sth.lack of confidence -

12、 lose heart - feel frustrated 平时练作文时就要养成找同义表达和反义表达的习惯。,下一步, 想法找一两个可围绕做文章的关键词。,譬如, 从反面着眼, 想想一个人要是没有信心, 原因是什么? 如果想到了是个不能正确估计自己和估计困难的问题, 那么就找出了一个可环绕做文章的词眼 - estimate(估计), estimate 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 还可加前缀变成overestimate(过高估计) 和underestimate(过低估计),用起来有声有色。,首先将要论述的不言自明的道理从正反两面各发挥一句, 本例中正面的一句是用“whatever”引起的让步结构

13、, 反面的一句用的是一个既精采又好学的句型 “If., there is little possibility that., especially when.”。最后来一个定型套语,点明主题的客观正确性。 说了长长短短三句话,无非绕着“信心重要” 这个主题在转圈圈,由此英语写作能力就显示出来了。,Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especi

14、ally when one is faced with drawbacks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident. 一个人不论做什么, 都要做得有信心。如果没有信心, 就不可能成就任何事情, 尤其是在面临挫折或艰难的时候。 这一真理似乎是不言自明的。,接着来个转折, 制造一个对立面, 即确有干事缺少信心的人, 他们有什么感受, 好在后文中加以分析:,However, in reality we do see a lot of people who complain that they lack the ability to do s

15、omething or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. 然而, 在现实中我们确实看到许多人抱怨他们缺乏作某事的能力或者他们的困难太大了, 没法克服。,然后, 很客观地点出大部分持这种观点的人错了( 特意不指全部人, 这样显得通情达理, 而且这样写句子结构也难些, 利于表现作文质量)。 错在哪? 错在没有信心, 又转回主题了:,For some, this might be true. But for many, this only shows that they have lost heart. 对有些人来讲, 这也许是对的

16、, 可是对许多人来说, 这只说明他们失去了信心。,第二段就来分析所制造的对立面的错误。 环绕事先想好的关键词“estimate”, 对自己和对困难两个方面拟出两条原因：,1 These people do not have a correct estimate of themselves. 2 They overestimate the difficulties.,为了使这一段更丰满, 不妨在段首再写个问句, 自问自答，扩句成段。,Why do people often feel frustrated even though they are quite capable of doing so

17、mething? There are, among others, two main reasons. First, these people do not have a correct estimate of themselves. Second, they overestimate the difficulties. 为什么人们即使有相当能力做好某事时也常常感到灰心丧气呢? 诸般原因中, 有两点重要的。第一,这些人对自己没有正确的估计。第二, 他们过高地估计了困难。,注意这个结构中加了一个“among others”, 用两个逗号插在主谓语之间, 一方面表示客观, 不是认为只有两个原因,

18、而是诸般原因中的两点; 另一方面在一个简单句中插上一个短语, 更能展现语言水平。 结尾段点明作者观点: 对自己抱正确态度才能建立信心。然后引述一条俗语, 再对这条俗语呼应一句就结尾了。,It is possible to build up faith in oneself by having the right attitude towards ones own abilities. We should never underestimate our abilities but should believe in the proverb: “There is a will, there is

19、a way.” Confidence is the guarantee of fulfilling a task successfully. 对自己的能力持正确的态度就可以树立信心。我们永远不要低估自己的能力, 而要相信这条格言:“有志者事竟成”。 信心是成功完成一项任务的保证。,从上面的分析可以看到，这篇文章够罗嗦的，够空洞的，但同时又是原意扩展各种手法的大集中，用这些手法把一个不言自明的主题，拉成了一篇作文，表现了英语写作的功力。 非应试作文慎用这类技巧， 应试作文则往往要这样写。,描红：Diligence,Brainstorming 思路： diligence的近义表达 : hard w

20、ork strive to work diligence 的反义表达 : laziness leave todays work to be done tomorrow,批判对立面（不勤奋者）： lack of ability in controlling themselves; pleasure seeking立论： human beings true value of life: learning and creation, discovering and changing the world real happiness,闪光措辞,while away excusespoil There

21、is no room for any excuse for laziness. Diligence is the mother of success.,闲混时间借口娇宠懒惰没有辩解的余地。勤奋是成功之母。,描红：Diligence,Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is faced with drawb

22、acks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident.,Whatever one does, one should do it with diligence. If one is not diligent, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is dealing with a tough job. This truth seems to be self-evident.,However, in real

23、ity we do see a lot of people who complain that they lack the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. For some, this might be true. But for many, this only shows that they have lost heart.,However, in reality we do see quite a few people who while away a lot of

24、time chatting, drinking, or watching television, and always leave todays work to be done tomorrow. Some of them may make an excuse for what they have done, but theres no room for any excuse for laziness.,Why do people often feel frustrated even though they are quite capable of doing something? There

25、 are, among others, two main reasons. First, these people do not have a correct estimate of themselves. Second, they overestimate the difficulties.,Why dont such people strive to work? There are, among others, two main reasons. First, they lack persistence in controlling themselves. There are so man

26、y joyful things around them that they always feel difficult to concentrate themselves on their work or study. Second, they may prefer to another way of living “eat, drink, and be merry”.,It is possible to build up faith in oneself by having the right attitude towards ones own abilities. We should ne

27、ver underestimate our abilities but should believe in the proverb: “There is a will, there is a way.” Confidence is the guarantee of fulfilling a task successfully.,A main difference between human beings and animals is the ability to learn and to create. Only through learning and creation can one re

28、alize his own value. But that means hard work. We should never spoil ourselves but should believe in the proverb: “Diligence is the mother of success.” We shall enjoy real happiness when we eventually achieve something in discovering and changing the world.,Your job,1. Find a similar topic;2. Record

29、 your brainstorming: key word: similar expression opposite expression diamond wording3. Write a similar article.,Excellent Homework,学生佳作,Honesty,Whatever one does, one should do it with honesty. If one is not honest, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when o

30、ne is in business. This truth seems to be self-evident. However, in reality we do see quite a few people who act unfairly in order to win an advantage or profit from their partner, and even play tricks on their customers. Knavery may serve for a turn, but you cant fool all the people all the time. H

31、onesty is the best policy.,Why dont such people keep their word? There are, among others, two main reasons. First, there is lots of temptation of easy profits in the world nowadays. Second, they lack ability in controlling themselves. They give way to the greed which is the excessive and selfish des

32、ire for wealth.,Honesty is an ethical principle that permeates many situations, and is also a factor in developing strong customer relationships. The wise man is always frank, because he knows that “honesty is placed above jewels and treasures”. We should never spoil ourselves but should believe in

33、this proverb.,Good works of Gdufs Students onAuthentic Tem4 Writing topics,广外大学生Tem4真实作文题佳作集锦,Authentic Topic:,Why Childrens Schoolbags Are Getting Heavier,Directions,In recent years, our government has never stopped from calling on schools and teachers to lighten childrens load of study, but childr

34、ens schoolbags are getting heavier. What do you think are the reasons? Write a three-paragraph composition of about 150 words to explain that.,In the first paragraph, state the phenomenon.In the second paragraph, analyze the reasons.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural con

35、clusion.,佳作之一,I am a university student. My brother is a primary school student. To my surprise, I find that he has more work to do than me. Since our government has called on schools and teachers to relieve childrens burden, why does my brothers burden get heavier? There are mainly three reasons.,T

36、o begin with, the competition in our society is more and more fierce. Children have to learn more skills and knowledge for future survival. Secondly, the schools want their students to have high marks to prove they are good teachers. Lastly, most Chinese families are one-child families. The parents

37、want their children to lead a better life, so they ask their child to work hard for a good future. Though it may not be easy, I think, the society, the schools, teachers and parents should gradually change their mind, and give back the children a happy childhood.,佳作之二,Today, when you are walking on

38、the street, you will easily find children carry a big schoolbag in hand or on back. Schools are always trying to release childrens study burden; however, childrens schoolbags are getting heavier. Surveys show that some childrens schoolbags weigh even more than 10 kilograms.,In my opinion, there are

39、two reasons for it. First, schools in China seldom provide children with private bookcases. Children have no places for them to store their textbooks in school. As a result textbooks and exercise books on each subject that children have to bring a heavy bag to school every day in order to attend the

40、 eight different classes.,No places to store schoolbooks and great amount of books on different subjects are the main reasons for why childrens schoolbags are getting heavier. To solve the problem, schools should set up private bookcases for children and think of an effective way to reduce the thick

41、ness of their textbooks.,Authentic Topic:,The main difference between my college life and my middle school life,When studying in middle school, sheltered under the wings of parents and teachers, and following what they required, I always wished I were a free eagle flying in the sky. After I entered

42、college, I was overjoyed to find out the main difference between college life and middle school life, because thats what I like to be a master of my own life.,Actually, I really enjoy my college life, for I am a real eagle in the sky. I study automatically, not forced by my parents and teachers; I s

43、tudy to acquire knowledge , not only for exams; I arrange my time to amuse myself, not to be criticized. All in all, I live for myself, on my own.,Of course, although college offers me a sky, but it doesnt mean I can spoil myself. As a master of my own life now, Id be a good one, to study hard and to live healthily.,谢谢,骑封篙尊慈榷灶琴村店矣垦桂乖新压胚奠倘擅寞侥蚀丽鉴晰溶廷箩侣郎虫林森-消化系统疾病的症状体征与检查林森-消化系统疾病的症状体征与检查,骑封篙尊慈榷灶琴村店矣垦桂乖新压胚奠倘擅寞侥蚀丽鉴晰溶廷箩侣郎虫林森-消化系统疾病的症状体征与检查林森-消化系统疾病的症状体征与检查,