四级翻译讲解课件.ppt
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1、四级翻译讲解,16、云无心以出岫,鸟倦飞而知还。17、童孺纵行歌,斑白欢游诣。18、福不虚至,祸不易来。19、久在樊笼里,复得返自然。20、羁鸟恋旧林,池鱼思故渊。,四级翻译讲解四级翻译讲解16、云无心以出岫,鸟倦飞而知还。17、童孺纵行歌,斑白欢游诣。18、福不虚至,祸不易来。19、久在樊笼里,复得返自然。20、羁鸟恋旧林,池鱼思故渊。四级翻译讲解1、简介 在四级新题型考试中,翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成,要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分,一是意群的表达,二是句法。评分原则及标准 1、整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。2、结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息
2、不全或用词不当,得0.5分。3、整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。4、整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5、大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,四级翻译讲解,1、简介,在四级新题型考试中,翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成,要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分,一是意群的表达,二是句法。评分原则及标准 1、整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。2、结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得0.5分。3、整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。4、整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5、大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,2、解题技巧,1)首先,确定关键词(一
3、般由两个词或词组组成),寻找可能的英文相应表达; 2)然后,利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来; 3)最后,结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能,根据句法结构理顺语言。,3、解题步骤,第一步:首先快速浏览句子,先看英语不看汉语,从而判断划 线处所填句子的形式、时态。 所谓形式包括:1、词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等) 2、虚拟 3、被动 所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句 子的时态。 第二步:看括号里面的汉语句子,以核心谓语动词为切入点, 找准主谓宾、分清定状补。,第三步:先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补,
4、切块对应翻译,重 新组合。动词注意时态,名词注意单复数。第四步:通读句子,检查错误。看看句子是否通顺,你的翻 译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。,87. (为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance.10.12 第一步:给出的主句部分的时态为过去式,所以从句的谓语(情 态)动词要注意时态的一致。第二步:分析“为了确保他参加会议” “为了”是表达目的的状语,“确保”是主要动词,而“他”和“参加会议”都是确保的对象或宾语。 第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“为了”=句型in order that 或 in order for sb. to do sth.;“确保”=en
5、sure that, make sure that 或 see that; “参加会议”=attend the meeting 或 be present at the meeting (2).重新组合:In order to ensure (see, make sure) that he attended the meeting 考察知识点: 句型 in order that 或 in order for sb. to do sth. “为了-”,88. The magnificent museum (据说建成于) about a hundred years ago.第一步:由句子结构可以推出
6、,划线处应该填写句子的谓语部分。第二步:分析“据说建成于” 核心谓语动词是“据说”, “museum”和“建成于”是被动关系。 第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“据说”= be said to “建成于”be built。 be said to 后的动词不定式需并根据动作发生的实际先后用一般式、完成式或完成进行式,根据语境,应为 have been built (2).重新组合: is said to have been built。 考察知识点:be said to和被动语态,89. There would be no life on earth (没有地球独特的环境).第一步:给出的主句部
7、分是虚拟条件结果句的主句,谓语形式 would be 表示本虚拟语气与现在或一般事实相反 第二步:分析“没有地球独特的环境” 核心词是“没有-”,“地球独特的环境”作宾语。第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“没有-”= if there were no . ,“地球 独特的环境”=unique environment on it (2).重新组合:if there were no unique environment on it . 正确答案:without(=but for) its unique environment/ if it were not for (were it not for
8、) its unique environment/ if there were no(=were there no ) unique environment on it. 考察知识点:虚拟语气虚拟语气条件句型,90. (给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.第一步:由句子结构可以推出句子缺少主语,要填的是主语从句,汉语“的”结构经常可译作英语的what从句 。 给出部分的谓语动词用的是过去式,所以主语从句也用过去式。第二步:分析“给游客印象最深的” 核心谓语是“给印象”,“游客”作宾语,“最深”副词作状语。
9、第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“给印象”impress,“游客” tourists ,“最深”most. (2).重新组合:what impressed tourists most考察知识点:主语从句句型,91. They requested that (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.第一步:由句中部分可以推出,划线处应该填写宾语从句。 request表示“要求”的动词后面的宾语从句的谓语形式是(should)+v. 第二步:分析“我借的书还回图书馆” “书还回图书馆”是request的内容即宾语从句中的主干, “我借的书”涉及定语从句第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“
10、书还回图书馆”= the book(s) (should) be returned to the library, “我借的书” the book(s) I borrowed,“借”的动作先发生,所以是一般过去式. (2).重新组合:the book(s) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library . 正确答案:the book(s) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library/I (should) return the books (I borrowed) to the library by
11、 next Friday.考察知识点:虚拟语气名词性从句句型,4、分析考题,翻译考题的考点通常是:语法,词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点,但是为了分析之便,我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点:一、语法结构 (grammar)二、重点单词 (key words)三、固定搭配 (set structures),语法讲解:虚拟语气 第一种:由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子,过去现在将来,从句 主句,had + done/been would (could, should.) +have done/been,were / did would (could, should.) +d
12、o,were to /should would (could, should.) +do,汉译英标志:“本.” “本不该” “要是/要不是” “早知道.我就”,87. You would not have failed if_(按照 我的指令去做). (09.12),88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _ _ (就不会被大雨淋湿了).(09.06),you had followed my orders,caught by the rain,89.The victim _ (本来会有 机会活下来)if he had been taken t
13、o hospital in time . (06.12),would have had a chance to survive,wouldnt have been,陈述句+or+虚拟主句,or+主语+would do 表示对现在事实的虚拟,or+主语+would have done表示对过去事实的虚拟,We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ (phone) him.,He must have had an accident, or he _ (be) here then.,would have phoned,would have b
14、een,第二种:,第三种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为:“-(should ) + do sth.”(should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有: insist (坚持) , suggest (建议), order(命令), propose (建议), demand (要求), command (命令), advise (建议), desire (要求、请求), request (请求), require (需要、要求), ask (要求), prefer (宁愿), arrange ( 安排), recommend(推荐), advocate ( 拥护、提倡), m
15、aintain (坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。,89The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告). (06.06),we hand in our research reports,第四种:用在“It + be + adj. + that -”结构that 引导的主语从句 中从句谓语形式为:“-(should ) + do sth.” (should常省去) 。 这类形容词有: important, necessary, natural, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, sur
16、prising, vital, advisable, anxious, eager, compulsory, crucial, imperative, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent 等, 以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended 等,90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁). (10.06
17、),should be installed by the window,第五种:用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议 的意思。 从句谓语形式为:动词过去式。 例如: It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。,语法讲解:倒装 1、当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装,如不在句首或 虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you
18、 come to a sound conclusion. 只有当你获得足够的数据时,你才能得出正确的结论。 Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。 其他如:only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。真题【CET-6:2007.6】 Only in the small town_.(他才感 到安全和放松) 参考答案
19、:does he feel secure and relaxed,2、never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。 这类词或词组常用的有:never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until ,by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner (than), hardly (when), barely(仅仅,几乎不), on no account,
20、in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。 Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家,还是一位诗人。 Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说!,3、the more, the more结构中的倒装。 90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 【CET-4:2006.6】,The witness was told tha
21、t under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎). 【CET-6:2007.12】,the more confused I am,91. The more exercise you take, _ _ (你越不大可能感冒) 【CET-4:2009.12】,the less likely you are to catch,a cold,should he lie,to the court,The manager never laughed; neither _ _ (她也从来没有发过脾气). 【CET-4:2010.06】,before,did she lose he
22、r temper,1、在含有were,had,should的虚拟条件状语中,如果省略了连 接词if,要求用倒装结构。例如: 1) Were she to leave right now,she would get there on Sunday 2) Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams,2、在由“soadv.adj that”和“such that”引出的结果状语从 句中,要求用倒装句。例如: 1)So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imag
23、ine its speed 2)So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape,More:,语法讲解:强调1It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构,需要注意以下几点:(1)被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语,不能强调表语;强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词,如Who was it that broke the window yesterday?(2)除了is,was外,be还可以采用其他形式,如might be等。It might be in this room that he met her.
24、(3)被强调部分如果是人或物,that可用whowhomwhich 替代;被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语,其引导词只能是that,而不能用when或where;强调时间状语时,若有否定词not应提到从句前面。,(4)强调句可用来强调多种状语从句,但不能用来强调让步状 语从句和比较状语从句;强调句可用来强调because引导的 原因状语从句但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语 从句。(5)在强调主语时,被强调的主语若是人称代词,一般用主格 that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致;强调的宾语 是them时,them要改用those。,_(直到截止日他才 寄出) his applic
25、ation form. 【CET-6:2007.1】,It was not until the deadline that he sent (out),_( 正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.,It is because she is too inexperienced,语法讲解:被动语态,91Though a skilled worker, _(他 被公司解雇了). (06.06),he was fired by the company,91. Many Americans live on cr
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