专题十动词的被动语态PPT资料课件.pptx

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1、专题十 动词的被动语态,1.被动语态的构成(1)被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词,考点清单,(2)各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例):,续表,答案A句意:今天,白求恩医生仍然在中国和加拿大被缅怀。(1)主动形式表达被动意义The children have been taken good care of.is written wellD.(4)动作的执行者不是人。(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。It is reported that.have/has+been doneHe said a kite wouldis;rememberingreport/say/think

2、/know.It is said that.若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”。I was given a book by her.be worth doing表被动意义。,2.被动语态的用法被动语态主要用于下列几种情况:(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。Ch

3、inese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用),(4)动作的执行者不是人。Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。(5)有些动词习惯上用被动语态。He was born in winter.他出生于冬季。3.主动语态和被动语态的转换(1)主动语态变为被动语态要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。,把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变成宾格,并由by引导。谓语动词变成相应的

4、被动形式。如:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)He was asked to sing an English song by us.,(2)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me变为了主语)A book was given t

5、o me by her.(直接宾语a book变为了主语),(3)短语动词变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。The children have been taken good care of.这些孩子得到了很好的照料。注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。We should speak to the old politely.(变为被动语态)The old should be spoken to politely.,(4)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语

6、态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.She told us to follow her instructions.(变为被动语态)We were told to follow her instructions.注意在see,watch,hear,notice,make等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但变成被动语态后都要带上to,这时不定式为主语补足语。也就是

7、说,不定式作主语补足语时不能省略to。,We often hear him play the guitar.(变为被动语态)He is often heard to play the guitar.(5)含有情态动词的句子变被动语态若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”。Everyone must know this.This must be known by everyone.The boss may have sent her to work elsewhere.She may have been

8、sent to work elsewhere by the boss.,4.被动语态的注意事项(1)主动形式表达被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动形式表被动意义。This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这儿卖得好。,look,sound,taste,smell等系动词可用主动形式表被动意义。Uniforms look ugly on us.

9、制服穿在我们身上看起来很丑陋。Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。be worth doing表被动意义。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。“need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to be done”。My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。,短语run out of与run out的运用。I have run out of the paper.=The paper has run out.我

10、已经把纸用完了。(2)不用被动语态的情况主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用被动语态。The man introduced himself as Mr.White.(主动语态)那个人自己介绍说他是怀特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr.White.(误)They help each other study English.(主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。Each other is helped to study English.(误),当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用被动语态。We will have a meeting.(主动语态

11、)我们将要开一个会。A meeting will be had by us.(误)主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能作被动语态中的主语。My brother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.(误),He asked to have a try.(主动语态)他请求试一试。To have a try was asked by him.(误)(3)被动语态和系表结构的区别被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。The shop is closed at 9:

12、00 p.m.(动作)这家商店晚上9点钟关门。The shop is closed today.(状态)这家商店今天不开门。,系表结构中常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态中则没有。Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们感到满意。系表结构中的表语可以被副词修饰。She is so worried about her exams.(系表结构)她非常担心她的考试。,(4)关于被动语态结构的习惯用法表示“据说”、“大家相信”、“众所周知”等的句型,由“It is+believe/report/say/think/know.的过去分词”构成,现在这些句型已成为习

13、惯用法。It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.大家相信It is well known that.众所周知It is thought that.大家认为,1.( 江苏盐城中考)A lot of new roads D in order to develop the villages in the next five years.A.builtB.were builtC.buildD.will be built答案D句意:在未来五年中为了发展农村,许多新的道路将被修建。本题考查被动语态。根据主语road与动词bu

14、ild之间为被动关系,所以使用被动语态,再根据时间状语in the next five years可知时态是一般将来时,故选D。,2.( 天津中考)Dr Bethune A still in both China and Canada to-day.A.is;rememberedB.is;rememberingC.will;rememberD.has;remembered答案A句意:今天,白求恩医生仍然在中国和加拿大被缅怀。此题考查被动语态。根据主语和谓语动词的被动关系可判断出是被动语态,再根据题干中的时间状语today可知此题用一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。,3.( 江苏宿迁中考)This

15、kind of pen A, and is also very cheap.I think you can buy some.A.writes well B.writes goodC.is written wellD.is written good答案A 句意:这种钢笔写起来很好,而且很便宜。我认为你可以买一些。write用作不及物动词时,用主动形式表示被动意义,再由于修饰实义动词要用副词,故选A。,4.( 内蒙古呼和浩特中考)Can Mr. King spare some time for the meeting?If he B, he will try his best to make i

16、t.A.will be invitedB.is invitedC.invites D.invited答案B句意:金先生能为会议空出一些时间吗?如果他被邀请,他将尽他最大的努力空出时间。本题考查时态和被动语态。根据句意可知金先生是被邀请,应用被动语态,故排除选项C和D。在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,句子时态为“主将从现”,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。,(2)不用被动语态的情况在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,句子时态为“主将从现”,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。will be invited世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。It is thought that.am/is/ar

17、e+doing制服穿在我们身上看起来很丑陋。My bike needs repairing.注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。He is often heard to play the guitar.can/may/must+be doneThe classroomis cleaned by us.He can be found bywill;rememberD.The man introduced himself as Mr.(4)关于被动语态结构的习惯用法invites D.writes well B.,5.( 江西中考)A babys

18、first month birthday is a special event in China and A with a special party.A.is celebrated B.is celebratingC.was celebratedD.celebrates答案A句意:在中国,一个婴儿满月是一件重要的事情,人们会举行一个特别的聚会来庆祝它。本题考查动词的时态和语态。“满月被人们庆祝”,所以使用被动语态,又因为本句是一般现在时态,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。,6.( 安徽中考)Mr. Green A to sing an English song at the part

19、y and he sang well.A.was invitedB.invitedC.is invited D.invites答案A句意:在聚会上格林先生被邀请唱一首英文歌并且他唱得很好。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据短语be invited to do sth.(被邀请去做某事),可知用被动语态;根据后面的sang可知前面也要用一般过去时态。故选A。,7.( 天津中考)Lets wait and see whether books C by the Internet in the future.A.replace B.replacedC.will be replacedD.were re

20、placed答案C句意:让我们等着看未来书是否会被网络取代吧。本题考查动词的时态和语态。books与replace之间为被动关系,又因为指的是将来,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。,8.( 河北中考)Emily is glad that she D for her honesty at that meeting.A.praises B.praisedC.is praisedD.was praised答案D 句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she 和praise之间是被动关系。由at that meeting可知,从句应用一般过去时。被动语态结构:be+动词过去分词。根据句意可知选D。,9.( 河北石家庄18县、市、区结课联考)The actor was so popular and C to play in many films.A.is invited B.has been invitedC.was invitedD.will be invited答案C句意:那个演员非常受欢迎并应邀出演了许多电影。本题考查被动语态和时态。and前后的时态应该相同,由此可知设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。,感谢观看,