儿科急救处理课件.ppt
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1、EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT,CPR,basic life support ABC,AAirway,BBreathing,CCirculation,与小儿复苏有关的解剖生理特点,头部相对较大,枕凸明显: 意识不清时头易前倾阻塞气道颈短且胖:小婴儿触摸颈动脉搏动困难 易有气道阻塞气管软骨柔弱,气道狭小,易因炎症水肿而梗塞,Character of anatomy and physiology of children,The narrowest part of airwayinfant: cricoid cartilage adult: vocal cord,Indication of
2、 CPR,Loss of consciousness No respirations or invalid breathingNo arteriopalmus or heart sound,or 60/min, Neonate 80/分 neonate in delivery room 100次/分Attention:do not delay treatment because of repeatly examination.,Assessment,AirwayBreathing CirculationEARLY MANAGEMENT is most important,Respons or
3、not,Open airwayHead-tilt/chinlift maneuver,yes,Breathing or not5-10s,yes,Provide 2slow breathingMouth-to-mouth, bag-mask,yes,Circulation or not5-10sarteriaA、brachial A,femoral A,yes,Only AR 12-20breaths/min,Chest compressionssingle:30:2,two:15:2,Out hospital:call for helpIn hospital:CRP first,ABC fo
4、r basic life support of children,open airway,assessment:5-10slookhearfeel,开放气道(Airway,A),injury:jaw-thrust非医务人员不推荐使用,Head-tilt/chinlift maneuver,判断有无反应,开放气道压额举颌法托颌法(非医务人员不用),有,判断有无呼吸5-10秒,有,2次人工呼吸口对口,复苏气囊,有,判断有无循环5-10秒颈A、肱A,股A,有,仅做人工呼吸12-20次/分钟,胸外按压单人:30:2,双人:15:2,院外先呼救 院内先实施CPR,复苏体位,1.Breathing,B.,
5、Mouth-to-mouth breathing,Mouth-to-mouth And nose breathing,2.Bag-mask ventilation,Bagging,3.Endotracheal intubation:,path:ETT or tracheotomyindication: obstruction, prolonged ventilatory assistance or control respiratory insufficiency, loss of protective airway reflexes, route for approved medicatio
6、ns sedation and paralysis recommended unless patient is unconscious or a newborn.,equipment ETT:size=(Age+16)/4 Rough estimate: the fifth finger小手指 粗细 size:2.5-7Laryngoscope blade generally,a straight blade can be used in all patients. a curved bade may be easier in patients,Procedure,Paralytic,Prep
7、aration,Preoxygenation with 100% O2,Atropin0.01mg/kg,Circoid pressure,Sedative,判断有无反应,开放气道压额举颌法托颌法(非医务人员不用),有,判断有无呼吸5-10秒,有,2次人工呼吸口对口,复苏气囊,有,判断有无循环5-10秒颈A、肱A,股A,有,仅做人工呼吸12-20次/分钟,胸外按压单人:30:2,双人:15:2,院外先呼救 院内先实施CPR,复苏体位,Circulation,C,Circulation,胸外心脏按压,胸内心脏按压,Suitable forchildren,easy,10分无效,chest bon
8、eor spinal eformity,Out- chest compression,Manoeuvre:different: 根据年龄选择pisition:乳头连线部位depth:胸廓厚度1/3-1/2frequency频率:100次CIR/R:single:30:2 two:15:2 neonate:3:1,1.双掌按压法,8 years,Two people-change over within 5s,双人复苏,第二个人在对侧,负责胸外按压 第一个人负责呼吸,并指挥抢救注意记录抢救开始时间、方法、复苏成功时间,2.平卧位双指按压法,复苏者一手置于患儿后背,另一手食指和中指置于两乳头连线水
9、平,向后背按压,使胸骨下陷23cm。注意消除死腔 。,双指按压法,3.单掌环抱按压法,For neonater and preterm infant。Four fingers on the back,thumb on the protothoraxPosition:the same before,4.双手环抱按压法,用于婴儿和新生儿。双手围绕患儿胸部, 双拇指并列或重叠于前胸, 其余两手手指置患儿后背 相对按压,使胸廓下陷1.52cm 。注意:人工呼吸时不宜停止心脏按压,Effictive appearance,Can touch artery pulsationEnlarged pupil
10、contracted,light reflex recoverOral lips,nail bed colortension of muscle sthengthen or involuntary movementspontaneously breathing;SR,Drugs,D,Attention: consider early administration of antibiotics or corticosteroids if clinical status.Pharmacotherapy can not instead of AR and cardiac compression. 药
11、物治疗决不能取代人工呼吸与心脏按压。,Allergic emergencies (Anaphylaxis),1. Definition: is the clinical syndrome of immediate hypersensitivity. It is characterized by cardiovascular collapse and respiratory compromise, as well as cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms(e.g. urticaria,emesis). 2.Initial management 1)AB
12、Cs 2)Medicine:Epinephrine/Albuterol/H1-receptor antihistamine /corticosteroids:3.Hypotension Trendelenburg position(head below feet)/normal saline/Epinephrine,Respiratoty Emergencies hallmark of upper airway obstructionis: inspiratory stridor ; lower airway obstruction : cough ,wheeze , a prolonged
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