英语国家社会与概况课件.ppt

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1、1,The Society and Culture of Major English-speakingCountries,2,Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom ( 1 ),3,Warming-up questionsHow do you say “英国” in English?2. Think of the most well-known symbols and tokens of UK?,4,How do you say “英国” in English?,EnglandBritainGreat BritainThe Unite

2、d Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritish Isles,5,UK,Great Britain,The difference between the UK, Great Britain and the British Isles,British Isles,6,The UK,England, Scotland, WalesNorthern Ireland,Great Britain,the British Isles,Great Britain Ireland hundreds of small islands.,7,What i

3、s the proper way for us to call the people in the UK?,EnglishmenScotsman WelshmenIrishmen,8,9,10,11,Objectives,This unit will give you a brief description of some basic facts of UK, such as the name, size, population, religion, the physical feature, brief historyYou will get to know the distinctive

4、differences in every aspect of the 3 regions of UK: England, Scotland and Wales. You will learn and master some related words and expressions about different aspects of UK.,12,Related TermsBritish Empire（大英帝国）: name given to UK and its former colonies, and other territories throughout the world from

5、 the late 1500s to the middle of the 20th cent. It was the largest empire in history. At its zenith (极盛时期), the British Empire stretched over of the earths surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UKs strength seriously depleted (耗尽) in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the disman

6、tling (瓦解) of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation.,13,British Empire,14,2. The Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦国家)The empire maintains links through a loose organizationCommonwealth of Nations. The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of ind

7、ependent sovereign states, most of which were once governed by the United Kingdom and are its former colonies. It was formerly known as the British Commonwealth (or British Commonwealth of Nations), and many still call it by that name, either for historical reasons or to distinguish it from the many

8、 other commonwealth around the world.,Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations,15,British Commonwealth,a loose association connected more economically than politically,16,3. The European Union(欧洲联盟): established under that name by the Treaty on European Union (commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty马斯特里赫

9、特条约（简称“马约”） on Nov.1, 1993. The European Union (EU) is a supranational( 超国家的) organization of European countries, which currently has 27 member states.,17,Flag of The European Union,The 12 stars in a circle symbolize the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the peoples of Europe.,18,欧盟的27个成

10、员国：法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、英国、丹麦、爱尔兰、希腊、葡萄牙、西班牙、奥地利、瑞典、芬兰、马耳他、塞浦路斯、波兰、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、罗马尼亚、保加利亚。,Member states of EU,19,The EUs principal goal is to promote and expand cooperation among member states in economics and trade, social issues, foreign policy, security and defense, and judici

11、al matters. European citizens have greater freedom to live, work, and study in any of the member states.The EU has a single currency, the euro （欧元）, for its member countries. In January 2002 euro replaced the national currencies of 12 EU member nations. Other 15 EU members do not currently participa

12、te in the single currency.,20,4. The Group of Seven(G7)(七国集团)a coalition（联合） of the major industrial democracies: the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States - the original G6 which met the first time in 1975 - and Canada which joined in 1976, then superseded in 1998 by

13、the addition of Russia, which created the Group of Eight (G8).,21,Contents,some basic facts of UK,1,2,3 Parts of UK,England,Scotland,Wales,22,II. Basic Facts about UK,Name: - Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国） - Short form: the United Kingdom, UK Locat

14、ion:Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of FranceArea:total: 244,820 sq km land: 241,590 sq km water: 3,230 sq km Population: 60,441,457 (July 2005),23,Ethnic groups: white 92.1%, black 2%, In

15、dian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6%(2001 census) Religions: Christian 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu（印度教）1%, other 1.6%, none 23.1% (2001 census),24,English, the official language in the UK,Languages in the UK,Welsh, a language spoken partly in Wales,Gaelic, a language spoken by people in t

16、he Highlands in Scotland,Bilingual road signs in English and Gaelic,25,Flag of UK,The National Anthem - God Save the Queen,26,How the Union Flag came into being?,27,National Emblem (Badge):,England,Scotland (unicorn),Ireland( harp),28,National flower：Rose National bird：红胸鸽 (redbreast/robin),29,UK ha

17、s been a member of the European Union since 1973.UK remains a member of the Group of Seven.Immigration from some Commonwealth countriesIndia, Pakistan, and the countries of the Caribbean UK is a multiracial society.,30,The distinction between the 4 constituent parts Religious differencesClass differ

18、ence: The class structure of UK is relatively obvious.Regional difference: the “highland” and “lowland” Scots; cultural distinction between north and south England the difference between the capital and the provinces,31,The island of Great Britain can be divided into two major natural regions: The h

19、ighland zone: an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. The lowland zone: The south and east consists mostly of rolling plains. The lowland zone has a milder climate and better soils for farming. Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone.,32,Capital: City o

20、f London - the largest city in the country- One seventh of its pop. - Seat of government- Cultural center: home of major newspapers, TV stations, widest selection of galleries, theaters and museums - Business center: headquarters of vast major companies- Financial center of the nation, one of the 3

21、major international financial centers in the world - Combined function of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou or New York, Washington and Los Angeles,33,London Tower Bridge 伦敦塔桥,34,35,England,Area: 130, 423 sqkm (UK total 244 820sqkm) 53.4 % of the total areaPopulation: 48.7 million( UK total 59.6 milli

22、on)Religion: Protestant 3/5, Catholicism, Muslin, Jews and others,36,37,IntroductionEngland is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest part of UK.England is a highly urbanized country, with 80%of its population living in the city, 2% working in agriculture.Largest city is the capital: London. Eng

23、lands dominance in size - largest of the 4 nations with largest population is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance,38,II. History-a history of invasion,Before the 1st cent. AD, Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people,Celts,39,The Roman Conquest (43 AD- AD.5th cent) in

24、43AD the Roman Empire invaded England and Wales which became part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. They drove many of the Celtic people into the mountains in Scotland and Wales.,40,The Romans introduced their civilization into England. They brought the Latin alphabet, their religion, Christ

25、ianity to Britain. They built towns, temples, theatres, fine buildings and roads in England (All roads lead to Rome).The Romans established London as the capital .,Influence of the Roman conquest,41,The Anglo-Saxons Invasion (446871) In the 5th cent. the Anglo-Saxons (Germanic peoples) invaded Brita

26、in and settled down there ever since. They brought along their language, old English and they were the forefather of the English race and the founders of England.,42,The Danish Invasions From late 8th cent. two groups of Vikings (Danes were part of the Viking forces) from Scandinavia settled in Engl

27、and and controlled large areas of northern and eastern England. The Norman Conquest (1066) The French-speaking Normans（诺曼底人）from Normandy of France invaded in 1066. William the Conqueror introduced a ruling class, the French aristocracy. The local Celts were pushed or displaced to the Wales and sout

28、h of Scotland.,43,William I, known as William the Conqueror, was king of England from 1066 to 1087. As king, William reorganized the feudal system, making all landholders swear greater loyalty to him rather than to their separate lords. William also ordered an exhaustive survey of the landed wealth

29、in his realm.,William I of England,44,Arthur was the legendary king of the Britons in the 6th cent. who expelled foreigners from Britain, brought peace to the country and created the “round table” which meant equal precedence（平等位置）,III Lengends,1. King Arthur and his Round Table,45,According to lege

30、nd, Arthur Receiving Excalibur （魔剑）soon after he became ruler of Britain, he received his sword Excalibur from a hand that rose mysteriously from a lake.,46,Robin Hood: the Saxon nobleman hid in the forest, rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor (During the period of N

31、orman rule)-a clue to the English Character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity (体现英国人个性的迹象:表面上似乎一致,但实际上保持着一种强烈的独特的生活方式),2. Robin Hood,47,IVThe Characteristics of the English,silent, wordless, tend to keep a distance between the strangers self-contradictory, gentl

32、e and polite hypocritical, obvious and notorious class structure.,48,Scotland,Area: 7.8822 sq km, 2nd largest part of UKPop: 5.111millionReligion: TheChurchofScotland, Protestant 70%, the Roman Catholic and others.,49,50,I. Introduction Scotland is the second largest both in area and population. Cap

33、ital: Edinburgh Largest City: Glasgow People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons Language: English, Gaelic,51,Edinburgh, Scotland east coast, famous for its beauty, dominated by its great castle on a high rock,52,Edinburgh Castle,53,Gardens in Edinburgh,54,largest city: Glasgow in the west of Lowland zone,55,Georg

34、e Square 乔治广场 , Glasgow George Square lies at the heart of Glasgow, Scotland, a bustling seaport and industrial center.,56,Three distinct regions: the HighlandsB. The Central Lowlands C. the Southern Uplands.,II. Natural Regions,57,The Highland: More than half of the surface of Scotland is occupied

35、by the Scottish Highlands, the most rugged region in Great Britain. They consist of parallel mountain chains with a general northeast-to-southwest trend, broken by deep ravines(峡谷) and valleys. They are mostly covered with bushes.,58,The Highland of Scotland,59,60,Ben Nevis, Scotland Ben Nevis, in w

36、estern Scotlands Grampian Mountains, is the tallest mountain in the British Isles and a popular tourist destination.,61,The Central Lowland is the most important economic region in Scotland. And the chief farming district, urban centers, industries, and mines. 3/4 of the pop. live here. Scotlands la

37、rgest city, Glasgow and the capital Edinburgh are located in the central lowland.,62,The Central Lowland of Scotland,63,Southern Uplands is an area of rounded hills and broad valleys and much of the area consists of moorlands(高沼地)used for grazing sheep.,64,The Scottish Highlanders consider themselve

38、s the “true” Scots, and they wear their national dress, the kilt(苏格兰短裙), with pride. Kilts are pleated skirt made of material with a squared, colored design called a tartan. They probably derive from the costume of the Roman conquerors. Each Scottish clan has its own tartan with specific colors and

39、design, and only members of that clan are entitled to wear it.,3.People in Scotland,65,66,Scottish Dance,67,VI. Government and political parties,England and Scotland have shared a monarch since 1603 and a parliament since 1707.In May 1999, Scotland elected its own parliament for the first time It ha

40、d 129 members in its parliament in1999. Scotland sends 72 representatives to London parliament. Queen Elizabeth opened the new parliament on July 2, 1999.,68,Political Parties,The Labor Party is the largest party. The Scottish National Party which wants an independent Scotland is the second largest.

41、 The Conservative Party, the third largest.,69,70,71,Wales,Area: 20,700 sq kmPop：2.9 million (2002) People； Celts, Anglo-Saxons. 3/4 of the pop. Live in the mining centers in the south. Religion: Nonconformist Protestants（不随俗的新教徒）, Anglicans（英国圣公会教徒）Catholics（天主教）Language: English, Welsh. Capital: C

42、ardiff,I Introduction,72,73,Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is located at the mouth of the River Taff, an important industrial, commercial, and government center in Wales.,Cardiffs City Center,74,II. Natural Resources,Mining in Mountain Ash Coal was once a major mineral resource in Wales. Today, near

43、ly all mining in Mountain Ash has ceased.,75,Countryside of Wales,76,III. Government and Political Parties,Walesisgovernedasa part of England, and is represented by 40 members in the House of Commons. In 1999 Wales elected its own assembly. The Welsh Assembly has 60 members and is led by an executiv

44、e committee. In 1997, the Labor Party came into power. The Plaid Cymru Party is the Welshnationalist party, which supports an independent Wales,77,UK is made of 4 regions,England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland,78,England- the southern part of Great Britain. capital: LondonScotland - the north of Great Britain. Capital: Edinburgh,79,Wales - the west of Great Britain. Capital: CardiffNorthern Ireland - the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast,