第二章红外光谱2教材课件.ppt
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1、2.4.3 醇、酚和醚,1. 醇和酚存在三个特征吸收:羟基OH 伸缩振动和弯曲振动, C-O伸缩振动。,正丁醇的红外光谱,3450cm-1:缔合OH伸缩振动;1350cm-1:OH面内弯曲振动,谱图解析1-己醇,3334cm-1, -OH的伸缩振动峰,一般波数范围:335010 cm-1。这是一个很特征的OH峰,由于氢键的存在,所有OH峰均比较宽。,3,1-己醇,谱图解析1-己醇,2960cm-1, -CH3反对称伸缩振动峰。,4,谱图解析1-己醇,2931cm-1,-CH2反对称伸缩振动峰。,5,谱图解析1-己醇,2870cm-1, -CH3对称伸缩振动峰。,6,谱图解析1-己醇,2861c
2、m-1, -CH2对称伸缩振动峰。,7,谱图解析1-己醇,1468cm-1, -CH3反对称弯曲振动峰。,8,谱图解析1-己醇,1455cm-1,-CH2剪刀弯曲振动峰。,9,谱图解析1-己醇,1430cm-1,-OH弯曲振动峰,一般波数范围:1400 100cm-1,这个宽峰被CH弯曲模式峰掩盖。,10,谱图解析1-己醇,指纹区:与参考谱图比对,即能给出定性结论。,11,谱图解析1-己醇,1058cm-1,-C-O伸缩振动峰,与C-C伸缩振动是反对称的,一般波数范围:伯醇:1050cm-1仲醇:1100cm-1叔醇:1150cm-1,12,谱图解析1-己醇,725cm-1, -(CH2)4摇
3、摆振动峰,只有在4个和4个CH2存在时才有这个摇摆振动峰。,13,谱图解析1-己醇,660cm-1,-OH摇摆振动峰(面外弯曲振动),这是由于OH基团的存在的另外一个宽峰。,14,苯酚的红外光谱图,缔合羟基3226,OH的弯曲振动1376,CO伸缩振动1238,乙醇在CCl4中浓度变化对红外吸收的影响,2. 醚,2.4.4 含羰基化合物,醛酮羧酸、羧酸盐酸酐酯酰卤酰胺,羰基化合物的C=O伸缩振动吸收峰位置,1. 醛酮,正丁醛,2720cm-1: 醛基CH伸缩振动,特征;1730cm-1:C=O 伸缩振动,苯甲醛,苯异丙基酮,1694cm-1:C=O伸缩振动,羰基与苯环共轭,吸收移向低波数; 1
4、580cm-1:苯环骨架振动,与羰基共轭,移向低波数,2. 羧酸和羧酸盐,CO2-的反对称伸缩振动,1650-1540,最强峰;对称伸缩振动,1420-1300,强峰,2-甲基丙酸,33002500 cm-1:羧酸二聚体的OH伸缩振动,峰形宽,散;1710 cm-1:C=O伸缩振动;920 cm-1:非平面摇摆,特征峰,苯甲酸,33002500 cm-1:羧酸二聚体的OH伸缩振动,峰形宽,散;1695 cm-1:C=O伸缩振动,因与苯环共轭移向低波数;920cm-1:OH非平面摇摆振动,特征,金刚烷酰氯,6. 酸酐,有两个羰基伸缩振动,1800,1750,相差50cm-1,反对称伸缩位于高频区
5、, 对称伸缩振动位于低频区。开链酸酐的高波数峰比低波数峰强, 环状酸酐两峰的相对强度正好相反,强度差别比开链酸酐悬殊。,三甲基乙酸酐,顺丁烯二酸酐,邻苯二甲酸酐,7.酰胺,N-H伸缩振动:3540-3125厘米-1,伯酰胺为强度相近的双峰,相距120厘米-1,仲酰胺为单峰,叔酰胺无此峰。羰基伸缩振动:1690-1620厘米-1(酰胺I峰)N-H弯曲振动+C-N伸缩振动:1650-1580厘米-1(酰胺II峰)C-N伸缩振动:1430-1050 (酰胺III峰),胺、亚胺和胺盐,2.4.5 含氮化合物,2-戊胺,3400 cm-1 NH2反对称伸缩振动;3340 cm-1 NH2对称伸缩振动15
6、90cm-1NH2剪式振动;1185cm-1:CN伸缩振动,二己胺,3310cm-1:弱峰,NH伸缩振动;1460cm-1:CH2剪式振动+CH3反对称变形振动;1110Cm-1:CN伸缩振动;715cm-1:NH非平面摇摆振动,硝基化合物,金属有机化合物,三苯基砷的红外光谱图3078cm-1:苯基C-H伸缩振动;1607cm-1: 苯基C=C伸缩振动;1488,1432 cm-1苯环骨架振动;734,694 cm-1:单取代苯的C-H弯曲振动,2.4.6 其他含杂原子有机化合物,高分子化合物,聚异戊二烯的红外光谱图1652 cm-1: C=C伸缩振动;1438 cm-1:甲基反对称变形振动和
7、亚甲基剪式振动重叠;1369 cm-1:甲基对称变形振动,2.5 红外图谱解析,红外光谱的分区 红外标准谱图及检索萨特勒红外谱图集是较常用的谱图集,数据库,网上资源 红外图谱的解析步骤红外图谱的解析实例,When you analyze the spectra, it is easier if you follow a series of steps in examining each spectrum.,1. Look first for the carbonyl C:O band. Look for a strong band at 1820-1660 cm-1. This band is
8、 usually the most intense absorption band in a spectrum. It will have a medium width. If you see the carbonyl band, look for other bands associated with functional groups that contain the carbonyl by going to step 2. If no C:O band is present, check for alcohols and go to step 3.,2. If a C:O is pres
9、ent you want to determine if it is part of an acid, an ester, or an aldehyde or ketone. At this time you may not be able to distinguish aldehyde from ketone and you will not be asked to do so. ACID Look for indications that an O-H is also present. It has a broad absorption near 3300-2500 cm-1. This
10、actually will overlap the C-H stretch. There will also be a C-O single bond band near 1100-1300 cm-1. Look for the carbonyl band near 1725-1700 cm-1.ESTER Look for C-O absorption of medium intensity near 1300-1000 cm-1. There will be no O-H band. ALDEHYDE Look for aldehyde type C-H absorption bands.
11、 These are two weak absorptions to the right of the C-H stretch near 2850 cm-1 and 2750 cm-1 and are caused by the C-H bond that is part of the CHO aldehyde functional group. Look for the carbonyl band around 1740-1720 cm-1.KETONE The weak aldehyde CH absorption bands will be absent. Look for the ca
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