英汉对比与翻译全课件.pptx
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1、翻,译,欢迎光临,英,对,比,与,翻,译,汉,English-Chinese Contrast and Translation左 飚,English-Chinese Contrast and TranslationZuo Biao,English-Chinese Contrast and Translation Zuo Biao,翻,译,欢迎光临,英,对,比,与,翻,译,汉,Three Parts 1. Language transfer (语言迁移) 2. Linguistic contrast(语言对比) 3. Contrast and translation (对比与翻译),Part O
2、neLanguage Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?外语学习中的语言迁移:干扰还是促进?,What Is Language Transfer?,Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经
3、习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。 奥德林,Two Types of Transfer,Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。,Positive Transfer (正迁移) Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。,Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。,
4、Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰),Causes:analogical use of ones prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯 Chinglish = English words + Chinese
5、structure 汉语式英语 = 英语单词 + 汉语结构,Native Language Transfer Does Exist.母语迁移现象确实存在,The age of the learner: around 20 学习者的年龄:20上下The learning context:Chinese 学习的语境:汉语,Examples of Negative Transfer,Phonological transfer (语音迁移) The sound /n/ or /f/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ or /h/ serve
6、s as a substitute. 在有些中国方言(如南京/闽南方言)中没有辅音/n/或/f/,而用辅音/l/或/h/来替代。,1、这位作家喜欢晚上写作。,The writer likes writing at light.,(night),他不怕死。 He does not hear to die.,(fear),Examples of Negative Transfer,He only eat two meal a day.,2、他一天只吃两顿饭。,Morphological transfer (词形迁移) Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections
7、 in Chinese. 在汉语中,名词和动词都没有形态变化。,(eats) (meals),我去年到北京去了三次。I go to Beijing 3 time last year.,(went) (times),Examples of Negative Transfer,Shanghai is said to have thirty-three million population.,3、据说上海有三千三百万人口。,Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of population, can ha
8、ve a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。,Shanghai is said to have a population of thirty-three million.,Shanghai is said to have thirty-three million people.,Examples of Negative Transfer,Measures must be taken to narrow the gap between the poor and the rich.,4、要采取措施缩小贫富差距。,W
9、ord order transfer (词序迁移),东南西北 或迟或早 悲欢离合 衣食住行 废寝忘食 水陆交通 饥寒交迫 田径项目 生老病死,the rich and the poor,Examples of Negative Transfer,He suggested me to accept this offer .,5、他建议我接受这个报价。,Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of suggest, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Sugge
10、st的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用“动词+宾语+补语”的结构。,He suggested that I (should) accept this offer .,He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .,Examples of Negative Transfer,6. - Your English is wonderful. - Oh, no. My English is still poor.,Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移) The negative reply to a compliment is considered
11、in Chinese as modest and courteous. 对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌。,- Your English is wonderful.- Thank you, but I still have a long way to go before I really master it.,Two Types of Transfer,Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。,Positive Transfer (正迁移) Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少
12、错误。,We could turn negative transfer (interference) into positive (facilitation) by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learners awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy.,我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异,提高学生避免或减少类推错误的意识,把负迁移(干扰)转化为正迁移(促进)。,Part TwoA Contrastive Study
13、of English and Chinese英汉语对比研究,Difference BetweenComparative Study and Contrastive Study,Comparative Study lays emphasis on the similarities between languages and applies the diachronic method of research. 比较研究着重寻找语言间的相似点,运用历时的研究方法。,Contrastive Study lays emphasis on the differences between languages
14、 and applies the synchronic method of research.对比研究着重寻找语言间的不同点,运用共时的研究方法。,语义型与形态型,Please translate the following:,不要人云亦云。Dont say what others have said.这件事,你做也好,他做也罢,我看谁都做不好。Whether you do the matter or he does it, Im afraid neither will do it well.支农惠农政策不断加强。Policies were constantly strengthened to
15、 support and benefit agriculture.必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum resources are used up.,Please translate the following:,你再不起床,我要掀被子了。If you should refuse to get up, I would pull off your quilt.本拉登不死,美国就不会停止对他的追杀。If bin Laden hadnt died, th
16、e US wouldnt have stopped hunting for him.,Please compare the underlined words:,不要人云亦云。这件事,你做也好,他做也罢,我看谁都做不好。支农惠农政策不断加强。必须采取措施在石油耗尽之前开发新能源。你再不起床,我要掀被子了。本拉登不死,美国就不会停止对他的追杀。,Dont say what others have said.Whether you do it or he does it, Im afraid neither will do it well.Policies were constantly stren
17、gthened to support and benefit agriculture.Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum are used up.If you should refuse to get up, I would pull off your quilt. If bin Laden hadnt died, the US wouldnt have stopped hunting for him.,Tense (时态),Voice (语 态),Mood (语气),Lacking i
18、nflection in the strict sense缺少严格意义的形态变化老师们、同学们认真的态度、认真地学习,Retaining some inflections保留一些形态变化v.(动词): tense, aspect, voice, moodn.(名词): number, case, genderpron.(代词): person, gender, case, numberadj.(形容词): degreead.(副词) : degree,Chinese,English,病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。,Sickness comes like an avalanche, but goes
19、like reeling silk.,I wont go so long as he does.,他去我不去。,人无远虑,必有近忧。,他人老心不老。,Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart.,If one has no long-term considerations, he will find trouble at his doorstep.,我来他已去。,He had left when I arrived.,(Condition 条件),(Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折),(Time Or
20、der 时间先后),(Concession 让步),Contrast Between English and Chinese,Chinese语义型语言(以意统形)Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯),English形态型语言(以形驭意)Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion(显性联接),翻,译,欢迎光临,Another Major DifferenceLook at the sentence structures of the two languages fr
21、om another perspective.,Look at the sentence structures of the two languages from another perspective:,我的小孙子他很调皮。 My little grandson is very naughty.那辆破车,你早该把它淘汰了。 You should have thrown away the clunker. The clunker should have been thrown away.英语这门语言,学会它可不容易。 It is by no means easy to learn the En
22、glish language.上海电机学院举办国际研讨会,我看一定会成功。 I think that it will be certainly successful for Shanghai Institute of Electric and Mechanical Engineering to host an international symposium. I feel no doubt of SIEMEs success in hosting an ,Compare the sentence structures of the two languages :,我的小孙子他很调皮。那辆破车,
23、你早该把它淘汰了。英语这门语言,学会它可不容易。上海电机学院举办国际研讨会,我看一定会成功。,My little grandson is very naughty.You should have thrown away the clunker.It is by no means easy to learn the English language. I think that it will be certainly successful for Shanghai Institute of Electric and Mechanical Engineering to host the inter
24、national symposium.,Chinese Structure:Topic-Comment 话题-评论,English Structure:Subject-Predicate 主语-谓语,Contrast Between English and Chinese,ChineseTopic-prominent Language话题突出型语言Topic-Comment Sentence Structure (话题-评论结构),EnglishSubject-prominent Language主语突出型语言Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure (主语-谓
25、语结构),波浪型与树枝型,Chinese: wave-like discourse structure (汉语的波式语段结构),汉语的语段结构犹如大海的波浪,流泻自由,似分似合,可断可连,主谓难辨,形散神聚。,开始我和母亲是不让父亲抽烟的,得了绝症后,想开了,抽吧,拣好的买,想抽就抽。,开始我和母亲是不让父亲抽烟的,得了绝症后,想开了,抽吧,拣好的买,想抽就抽。,At first Mother and I wouldnt let Father smoke. After ( ) contracted the fatal disease, ( ) thought differently. ( )
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