英语的句型结构课件.ppt
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1、英语的句型结构,Jianli Zhang,英语的句型结构,一、英语最基本的句型。二、英语句型的扩展。 THERE BE句型倒装句 强调句,英语最基本的句式,1、主系表主语系动词表语2、主谓(宾)主语不及物动词 间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词宾语 宾语补足语,1. The motor is out of order.2. The rose smells sweet.3. The plan sounds perfect.4. The fruit store has closed.,5. The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than on
2、ce.6. He ordered himself a soft drink.7. Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?,8. The board of directors elected Charles president of the university.9. The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time.10. They appoint Mr. White Minister of Foreign Affairs.,句子的用途分类,句子按用途分
3、为四类:陈述句(叙述一项事实,可以是肯定句,否定句)疑问句(一般疑问句;特殊疑问句;选择疑问句)祈使句(表达请求、命令)感叹句 (表达请求、命令),Knowledge is power.How beautiful will our future be?Dont put all your eggs in one basket.不要孤注一掷。How beautiful is youth! How bright it gleams with its illusions, aspirations, dreams!青春多么美丽!拥有梦幻、抱负和理想的青春闪耀着多么灿烂夺目的光芒!,句子的结构分类,句子按
4、结构可以分为三类:简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连在一起构成的句子。复合句:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子。,并列句中常用的连词有:and; so(因此,所以); not onlybut also; otherwise(否则); or neithernor; eitherorbut; yet(然而); still, however; while(而); whereas(而,反过来)for(因为,由于);:,,THERE BE句型,表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物), 典型特征:BE后是一个名词,其他成
5、分都作为这个名词的修饰成分。形式:“There be代词或名词(短语)地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。,be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)there”构成。,There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。 There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.明天有一个班会。There wasnt
6、a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑问句) Is there anything wrong with your ears?,倒装句(Inversion),两种:完全倒装:谓语主语部分倒装:谓语的一部分(助动词、情态动词等) 主语,Seldom have I seen her so unhappy.我很少见她这么不开心。Not only did she complain about the food, she also refused to pay for it.她不仅对食物牢骚满腹,还拒绝付款。,Little does he realize the danger
7、 he is in.他几乎没有意识到自己身处险境。No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.他刚放下听筒,电话铃就又响了。,Never before had anyone been sent to prison for that particular crime.在此之前,不曾有任何人因这种特殊罪名锒铛入狱.她从不喜欢这个房间。Never does she like the room.,他从没预料到这项工程会完成得这样快。Never has he expected that the project
8、can have been completed so soon.任何情况下我们都不首先使用核武器。Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons.,Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着,忽然敲门声把她惊醒了。那几天汤姆几乎从不离开他的实验室。Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days.,By no means will we accept her invitati
9、on.In ancient times, no where in the world could people imagine that one day it would be just a matter of seconds for two persons miles apart to communicate.,到比赛已经开始他才来到运动场。Not until the game began did he arrive at the stadium.只有在森林深处我们才可能找到这么奇妙的植物。Only deep in the forest is it possible for us to fi
10、nd such magnificent plants.,任何地方都找不到一条船能载我们过河。Nowhere could a boat be seen to take us across the river.我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.,Under no circumstances does a perpetual motion machine exist.Under no circumstances does a perpetual motion machine exist.,部分倒装,谓语的一部分
11、(助动词、情态动词等) 主语1、表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首做状语时;2、only引出的状语放在句首时;3、句首为so, nor, neither等副词,表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时;4、sothat 句型中的so 置于句首时;,否定意义的词、短语,单词:never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely,hardly, scarcely(几乎不);,词组: not until, no longer, no more, nowhere(没有任何地方), in vain, by no means, in no way(决不),on no accou
12、nt(决不), under no circumstances(任何情况下都不), in no case(任何情况都不), no soonerthan(刚一就), hardlywhen, scarcelywhen,她过去从未见过这么宽的河。Never before had she seen such a wide river.一年前我几乎没有想到能为你们的公司工作。Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company.,Never before has the planets linguistic diversity s
13、hrunk at such a pace.地球上的语言多样性从未以这样的速度减少过。Application is absolutely free! Nor are there any annual fees or administration fees.绝对免费申请!无须交纳任何年费或管理费。,Not only with doctors or lawyers is the required role behavior so constrained that if you are in that role for long it eventually becomes part of you, p
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