国际音标课（少儿英语）课件.ppt

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1、Phonetic Symbols,国际音标,犇,ben,?,-,音 素,音素又称为音标最小的语音单位48个音素 音素:元音音素20+辅音音素28,自行车,银行,音标是如何得来的呢？,Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz,英 文 字 母,（26）,Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu通常在单词中发元音音素,（5个）,元音字母,元音是音标的基础。发音响亮，声带振动，舌头、嘴唇、牙齿等发音部位没有任何的阻碍和磨擦。,Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq

2、 Rr Ss Tt Vv WwXx Zz 通常在单词中发辅音音素,辅音字母,（20个）,Yy既可放在单词词首发辅音音素，又可单独和其它元音字母组合在单词中发元音音素。,半元音字母,（1个）,考考你,26,Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz,5,Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu,3. 英语中有_个辅音字母，分别是 _ _4.英语中有_ 个半元音字母，它是_ 。,20,Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Z

3、z,英语中有_个元音字母，分别是 _，,英语中共有_个英文字母，分别是 _ _。,1,Yy,单元音,/i:/,发音组合及代表单词: e me he we evenee bee feel deep free ea seat beat lead tea eat ie grief believe achieveei receive conceive,Black tea or green tea?,Can you see the green tree?,There is a key on the seat.,Do you like to eat meat?,A friend in need is a

4、friend indeed.,i sit bit kick pick wish,/,It is a pity.,This city is too noisy.,seat sit beat bit sheep ship,/i:/ VS. /,音标特征: 前元音 半高音 不圆唇 短元音 舌尖抵下齿, 舌前部稍抬起, 舌后接近硬颚, 比 i: 低。,/e/,发音组合及代表单词,e pen best beg egg netea bread breakfast a any many,ARE U READY?,Benny gets an egg,Yellow and red.,Under his bed.

5、,Benny puts his egg,音标特征: 前元音 低舌音 不圆唇 短元音发音要诀: 舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平行 牙床开的最大。软颚升起, 唇自然开放发音组合及代表单词: a cap map bad mad bank thank lamp,/,前元音、短元音,The fat man has an apple.I have a happy family.,有个老dad（爸爸），脾气很bad（坏），很少glad（高兴），气得太太mad（发疯），孩子们都很sad（伤心）,She has a black bag and a black flag.,beg bag met mat be

6、d bad,/e/ vs. /,前元音小结,发前元音时必须注意： 1) 舌尖要抵住下齿。 2) 舌前部向硬颚部分抬起。 3) 双唇不要收圆，前三个双唇平展，发 时口形要张大，扁唇。 4) 唇形舌位保持不变，否则就要发成双元音。,/i:/,/e/,/,/,/,中元音,/:/,/,中元音是指发音时要使用舌中部。也就是说舌中部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住上齿，口型圆。,音标特征：中元音 半高音 不圆唇 长元音发音要诀：舌身平放, 舌中部稍微抬起, 成自然状态,口半开半闭. 发音组合及代表单词： or work worker worm ir bird dirty affirm er term ur bur

7、n surf ear pearl learn,/:/,1. Thirteen girls in the third picture,2. Turn to page thirty and read the first dialogue,3.The nurse in a dirty skirt is feeding the bird,/,音标特征：中元音 半低音 不圆唇 短元音发音要诀：口半开半闭，牙床较张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍微抬起，成自然状态。发音组合及代表单词： a again alike a man a pen er teacher mother brother driver or doc

8、tor actor tutor famous,后元音:,舌尖不触下齿, 舌身后缩, 舌后部向软颚部分抬起。除了/:/ /, 其余都是圆唇音。,后元音小结,/:/ /u:/ /:/ / /,音标特征：后元音 低音 不圆唇 长元音发音要诀：牙床大开，口张大，双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放舌尖后缩，舌后微升，舌身微离下齿。发音组合及代表单词： ar far dark hart farm garden bar star ear heart al half,/:/,Theres a large park near the farm.,My farther put the card into the baske

9、t.,音标特征：后元音 半低音 不圆唇 短元音 发音要诀：舌后部的靠前部分稍稍抬起，舌尖和 舌端两侧触下齿，舌尖抵住下牙龈，发短促音/. 发音组合： u up cut but bus luck butter o monk onion,/,1.What colour is the bus?3.Its Sunday, but you must get up now.,： fast fun hart but card cut,/:/,/,音标特征：后元音 高音 圆唇 长元音 发音组合及代表单词：oo food fool boom cool hoop pool shoot o tomb ou grou

10、p u blue clue rule truth conclude,/u:/,/,音标特征：后元音 高音 圆唇 短元音发音要诀：双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。 舌尖不触下齿，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。 发音组合及代表单词： oo foot good cook hook took u pull full bull ou should,The classroom is full of books.,She is a good-looking cook.,He is looking for a good book.,foot boot cool roof moon,food book co

11、uld room wood,/u:/,/,vs.,a talk ball hall call oo door floor aw law saw ou bought fought thought tought ore before ignore au caught naughty nautical or force born sort ar warn,/:/,1.I saw a door on the wall.2.Your daughter who is tall has bought four balls.,音标特征：后元音 低音 圆唇 短元音 口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。发音组合及代表单词

12、：o ox on not cop rot hot lot,/,第三课时,双元音简述,单元音练习,单元音：12个,一辆火车呜呜/u:/的开过，车上有2只鹅，一只长尾巴/:/，一只短尾巴鹅/ 。长尾巴鹅用力打了短尾巴/一拳.短尾巴鹅疼的/:/ 了一声。短尾巴/很生气，打了长尾巴/:/一小拳，它疼的/了一声。两只鹅都受伤了，一起去医院检查。医生让长尾巴/:/张开嘴，他就发出/:/的声音。医生诊断后说“需要打针”，长尾巴/:/吓哭了。为了转移长尾巴/:/的注意力，医生给了它一个/ apple。然后医生让短尾巴/张开嘴，他就发出/的声音。医生诊断后说“需要打针”，短尾巴/吓哭了。为了转移短尾巴/的注意力

13、，给了它一个/e/egg.,双元音,双元音的一般特点：,1)两个元音组成,发音时由一个元音向 另一个元音滑动,发音过程口形有变化. 2)前重后轻, 第一个成分发音响亮清澈, 第二个成分较轻弱模糊. 3)前长后短, 第一个发音较长, 第二个发音较短.,a make cake name table ei eight ai paid ay day may,/e/,舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合。双唇扁平，口形滑动。发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位随之稍抬高,/a/,y flycry my buy i kind,oy boy toy soy oi oil noise voice,/,/a/,ow now wow

14、 how,ou house mouth out loud,/,oa coat boat goat o know old low no go home those,ear herenear deermedia clearbeer,/,/e/,airchairhairbearpear,/,tour poor,单元音：12个,双元音,p /p/ pen picture jeep map b /b/ bike bus book boxt /t/ ten two boat meetd /d/ desk down bird goodk /k/ cake Kate thank clock g /g/ goo

15、d girl egg bags /s/ sit see yes class z /z/ is his these zero,辅音因素：,/f/finefivefamilyfloorfriend,/v/verysevenhaveloveover,/thinthinkthankthreethirty,/thisthatthesethosetheremother,/,/,ship shirtfish English show,vision treasure usual garage,/thinthankthreethirtytenth,/thisthatthesethosetherefather,s

16、itseeyesclass,/s/,/z/,ishiszoothese,/ts/,/dz/,/t/,/d/,bats seats hats pets sports,beds roads birds friends cards,chip chair cheat China chicken kitchen match,jam jacket orange large huge,/tr/,try tree truck train traffic trade,drive dress dream children street,/dr/,辅音分类,清辅音10 浊辅音10 单干户,s f ,p t k,tr

17、 t ts,b d g, z v ,dr d dz,/m/mymapamgame,/n/ninenewtenson,/morningwrongthinkthank,/h/ he hat here hill,/r/ red right brown room,/l/ look hello floor family,/j/ yes you your yellow,/w/ we woman where white,音标回顾,共有多少个音素/音标？多少个元音音素？分别为多少个辅音音素？分别为元音音素分为单元音和双元音单元音共多少个？分别为？双元音共多少个？分别为？辅音音素分为清辅音和浊辅音清辅音共多少个

18、？分别为？浊辅音共多少个？分别为？,48,20,28,12,8,48个音素,p t k,s f ,tr t ts,b d g, z v ,dr d dz,/m/ /n/,能够写出26个英文字母的音标吗？,单词的发音都是有规律的，学习音标，了解它的发音规律1音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01 2音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh

19、-ter 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02,3重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0-03 4开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no

20、 blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 5闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05,6双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn in-deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不

21、会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor 0-067多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation,一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 1-01 在闭音节中 bag dad hat map black b

22、ack 1-02 e 在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese 1-03 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04 i 在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 在闭音节中 i fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 o 在开音节中 u those close go hoe home no 1-07 在闭音节中 clock not box shop sock 1-08 u 在开音节中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 在闭音节中 b

23、us cup jump much lunch 1-10 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super 1-11,三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a在w音后面 want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 : after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 ai find child light high o在-st -ld前 ou most postcard old cold o在m n v

24、th前 come monkey love mother,四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ar在w音后面 : car farm dark sharpener 4-01 : warm quarter towards 4-02 or在w音后面 : forty morning short 4-03 : word worker worse 4-04 er ir ur : certainly bird Thursday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry berry mirror so

25、rry hurry -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音，例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday,五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 are care dare hare 5-01 ere i here mere 5-02 ire ai fire hire wire 5-03 ore : more score before 5-04 ure ju pure cure 5-05 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读音，例如：picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常

26、发r音，例如：salary 5-06 重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读r音。 例如：parent zero inspiring story during 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit,六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play 6-01 air air hair chair pair repair 6-02 al a

27、l在f m前 : small ball talk wall all 6-03 :l always also salt almost 6-04 : half calm 6-05 au/aw : autumn daughter draw 6-06 ea i: teach easy cheap please 6-07 e heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 ei break great 6-09 ear i hear dear near clear year 6-10 bear pear wear swear 6-11 : earth learn early 6-12

28、ee i: jeep week green three 6-13 eer i pioneer deer beer 6-14 ei/ey ei eight neighbour they 6-15 eu/ew 在 j l r 后 ju: new few newspaper 6-16 u: flew brew jewelry 6-17 ie/s音后拼写为ei i: piece field receive seize 6-18 oa ou coat Joan boat goal 6-19 oar/oor : roar board door floor 6-20 oi/oy i noise point

29、boy toilet 6-21 oo u: broom food tooth school 6-22 u book look cook foot good 6-23 ou/ow au flower house count down 6-24 u know row throw though 6-25 young country enough 6-26 u: group you soup through 6-27 our : course your four 6-28 au our hour ours 6-29 : journey 6-30 ui ui 在j l r s后 ju:i fluid s

30、uicide tuition 6-31 u: juice fruit suit 6-32,九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 b b bike bus bag 9-01 / bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02 c c在e前或在i/y前 k cake picture coat music 9-03 s face decide cinema 9-04 ch much chick rich teacher 9-05 k school headache chemistry 9-06 machine Chicago 9-07 -ck k cock pocket black

31、knock 9-08 d d doctor bread hand day 9-09 -dge bridge fridge 9-10 dr- dr children driver drink 9-11 f f five four breakfast 9-12 g g在e i/y前 bag gardon go 9-13 orange large German 9-14 -gh gh- f cough enough rough 9-15 sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16 gu- -gue guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 w language

32、 anguish penguin 9-18 h h hot head house hand 9-19 / hour honest honor 9-20 j jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k k kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn- n knife know knock 9-23 l l life milk school tall 9-24 m m monkey come tomato 9-25 -mn m autumn column solemn 9-26 n n在k g音前 n not shine ten note 9-27 ? u

33、ncle thank hungry 9-28 -ng ? morning young wrong 9-29 p p paper plane pig ship pen 9-30 ph f elephant photo telephone 9-31 -q/-que k Iraq cheque 9-32 qu- kw quality quite quarter 9-33 r r red rubber ruler 9-34 s在音节开头或清辅音前 在元音字母间或浊辅音前 s sit sleep desk 9-35 z music husband 9-36 sc- sk scarlet scout Sc

34、otland 9-37 s muscle science 9-38 sh she fish shirt wash 9-39 t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 t ten letter meet 9-40 patient nation 9-41 tch watch catch match 9-42 th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 thin thirty method 9-43 the these with than 9-44 clothe father weather 9-45 tr- tr tree train country truck

35、 9-46 v v very voice love leave 9-47 w w week win wake sweet wait 9-48 / answer two 9-49 wh- wh-在字母o前 w what when white why 9-50 h who whose whole 9-51 x 在重读元音前 ks box text exercise 9-52 gz example exist exact 9-53 wr- r write wrong wrist 9-54 y- j yes yard yellow young 9-55 z z puzzle zero zoo 9-56

36、,读句子 找规律,The baby and the lady are playing by the lake. The four tall reporter are talking about sports. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair. I have a pear near the chair. Today is cold.Dont forget to put on your coat. You can go to school by boat. Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday.

37、David is saying”Maybe Kate cant skate.”,|ei | : lei rei jei wei fei mei pei| ai | : lai rai jai wai fai mai pai| i | : li ri ji wi fi mi pi| u | : lu ru ju wu fu mu pu | au | : lau rau jau wau fau mau pau | i | : li ri ji wi fi mi pi| e | : le re je we fe me pe | u | : lu ru ju wu fu mu pu,7)The ugl

38、y man has one hundred ducks.8)The farmer has a large farm and a car.9) After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass.10) Miss Mo, Shes tall.She has a dog, its small.She likes walking and riding a horse.,wi un i kll hd h:t bi:t nju:kli bm,nekst j: bdd b wil di beibi ri,rli s:t ru: : f:,

39、 f ris:t :kweik,l:n t l:nid :nist men :n mt bai l:ni,rait rait wait kwait kwatl kwilt,buld fuk fuld uld huld,| buk|duk| |lun | |uz |,|u: | |hu:z | |mu:n | |ku:m | tu: |,| h: | | m:n | :t | | h:t | | n:s|,| dkt | | rn | | t | | bt |,kstm kstmd dsgst kstm,leis pleis pleis ripleisd displeis leit,wet pe

40、t net hznt gt det plein jet,:ft,keik mek eik neikid sneik kwek reik,seik,/fe/ /de/ /sked/ /turist/ /pu/ /pi/ /mtiril/ /pju/,baik i keik hri gut luk feis h:t pe ,/bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/,/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/pet/ /pk

41、/ /gp/ /kg/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/ /red/,/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/,/mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/,/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/,