名词性从句 语法讲解课件.ppt

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1、名词性从句,Noun Clauses,1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主

2、语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省略), whether; 连接代词有who, what ,which;连接副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,1).连接词: that, whether,He is a famous singer.It is known to us.,1.That he is a famou

3、s singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?,It has not been decided.,Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decided.It has not been decided whether we will visit the Great Wall .,2).连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, who

4、ever, whatever, whichever,Whose bag is it ?It cant be told.,Whose bag it is cant be told.It cant be told whose bag it is .,What does he need?It is money.,What he needs is money.,无论你刚才说什么都是对的.,Whatever you said is all right.,3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how

5、often,When will we start tomorrow?It will be told soon.,When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.,我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了.,How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.,为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.,Why he comes here is not known.,1.为什么有时侯用that, whether,有时侯用连接代词 , 或着有时候用连接副词?,2.它的语序有没有变化?

6、,2.总结:,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.,When will he come is not known.,错误,When he will come is not known.,He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,错误,That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可

7、改变语序,3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.,4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.,5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an ho

8、nour/ that It doesnt matter whether/ It seems that It happens that,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “ should +do”，常用的句

9、型有：,It is necessary essential that.Its important that. Its natural that.Its strange that ,1. _ we cant get seems better than _we have. A.What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what,2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor,3.What the doctors really doubt

10、 is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy,4 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. AWhatbecauseBWhatthat CThatwhatDThatbecause,We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He

11、said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.(第二个不能省),宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词有when ,where, how, why 等.如:,总结:,2.注意点,1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.,2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.,3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但二者

12、用法不同.,1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.,5).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.,例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.,(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.,He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.(3)that一般不充当介词宾语偶尔可作 except,

13、in ,but的宾语;其它介词后要用that 从句作宾语须用it作形式宾语.,1.He has made _clear _he will not give in . 2.Well see to _ _she gets home early .3.I hatedislike _when someone smokes in the office.4.Ill appreciate _ if you come to our party.5.They took_ for granted _ you knew the fact.,it,that,it,that,it,it,it,that,6.He is

14、a good student except _he is careless .7I know nothing about him except _you told me.8.He usually goes to school on foot except_ it rains. 9.I could say nothing but _I was sorry.10.Cars and motorcycles are similar in _ they are both privately owned means of transport. 11.You can depend on _ that I w

15、ill help you.,what,when,that,that,that,it,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day.2.在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether

16、I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true , I cant say.,5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句用whether：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question

17、was whether he went there last night.,(4)用if不用whether的情况:,1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,what 的 灵活使用1.He is _ is called supermanA. the person B. who C. what D. that,. what = the person that sth. that.总结: what

18、 在宾语和表语从句中,可以是 1.“的东西”, 2. “的人”, 3, “的时间”, 4. “的地方”. 其中 What = 某个名词/代词+ that 定语从句,1.I understand _(all _ )you said.2.I cant believe _ is reported. 3.A car passed me at _I thought was a dangerous speed. 4.The building will be built in _ was a wasteland before.,what,that,what,what,what,what含义模糊,在从句中作主

19、语或宾语或表语,特别注意不用what也不用which的特殊句子:5.Can you tell me _ you would like to have your coffeeblack or white?,how,表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在be动词的后面. 引导词有连词that (that 不可省略),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,1.The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.2.This is how Henry solved the

20、problem. 3.His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.,2.注意点,1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.,2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.,3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.,What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a bette

21、r future.,The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,The reason why + 句子 be that + 从句.,For +名词,今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.,1.This is _our problem lies.2.Tomorrow is _ it would be the most convenient.3.The reason _ he didnt come is_ he was ill.4. He didnt

22、 come .Thats _ he was ill.5. He was ill. I think that is _he didnt come.6. The question is _ he will be here on time.,where,when,why,that,because,why,whether,1、He said we should finish the work today, and this is _I disagree.2、You always give him whatever he wants. Thats_ you are wrong.3、-Whats that

23、 building? -Thats _sports equipment is stored.4、Thats the place _ the sports equipment is stored,where,where,where,where/in which,注意where 引导的表语,状语，定语从句的区别,1.A building will be built in _was a wasteland before.2.A building will be built in a place _was a wasteland before. 3.A building will be built i

24、n a place _ there was a church before. 4.A building will be built _there was a church before.,what,whichthat,wherein which,where,1. The reason _he was late is _his mother was ill. 2. The reason _ he gave me (explained to me) is acceptable.,why/for which,that,（that/which）,3. He was late. Thats his mo

25、ther was ill.4. His mother was ill. Thats _he was late.,because,why,reason的特殊句型与because, why引导的表语从句须注意！,同位语从句一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句. 引导词有连词 that ; 连接副词how /when /where ；连接代词what等.如 :,1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The

26、idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.4.I have no idea when he will be back.,注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire,

27、 theory, truth, word, hope, information等.,2. that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.,2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：1.The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.2.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,

28、1、两种从句都可以译成定语,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、两种从句都可以用that引导 eg.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考

29、虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that

30、 you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a prom

31、ise that excited me.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth consideri

32、ng.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I ha

33、ve no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6

34、.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have

35、 to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D.

36、 Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,单项填空,8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a bas

37、ketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what,A,A,D,D,A,