锂离子动力电池安全性设计及寿命评估概述课件.ppt
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1、锂离子动力电池安全性设计及寿命评估,北京锂离子电池安全测评中心,主要内容,动力锂离子电池的发展现状 锂离子动力电池的安全性分析锂离子动力电池安全性设计锂离子动力电池的使用寿命,锂离子动力电池的现状,目前市场上的混合动力车,Toyota HighlanderLexus RX400h,Honda InsightLexus GS450h,Toyota CamryHonda Civic,Toyota PriusHonda Accord,Saturn Vue,Chevy Silverado,Ford Escape,more and more,混合动力车,ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES,PETR
2、OLEUM ONLY76hp gasoline engine, 67hp electric motor, 1.5kWh battery,co,m,ADVANCED ENGINE,Fuel Flexibility,插电式混合动力车ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES,ADVANCED ENGINE,PETROLEUMAND/ORELECTRICITYBATTERY RECHARGE76hp gasoline engine, 67hp electric motor, 9.0kWh battery (30mi),Percentage of Vehicle Fleet In Use (%),Cum
3、ulative Fuel Consumed (gallons),5,10,15,20,25,00,105,15,20,25,30,030,10050,150,200,250,300,PHEV40, 8647 total miles driven 共行驶8647英里,58 mpg &,140 Wh/mi,PHEVs:40% reduction inoperating costs,$500 annual savings,37 mpg,76 mpg &211 Wh/mi,Assumes $2.41/gal and 9/kWh,$1.58$1.21,$2.48,$3.45,$0.48$0.72,-,-
4、,5.45.1,6.5,9.1,PHEV20PHEV40,HEV,CV,混合动力车的实际节油效果 40 Conventional35,E-Transportation is the most significant technological revolutionafter the cellular and the internet.电动交通是移动电话和互联网后的最重要的技术革命 。,电动车对动力电池的需求在持续增长, MW reserve power plants. 兆瓦级储能电站。,钛酸锂电池移动储能电站,Electrovaya, International Battery, Ultral
5、ife, Valance, Saft. BYD磷酸铁锂电池固定储能电站,规模储能是动力电池的又一重要市场 Manage fluctuations in electricity demand. 平抑电网波动。 Manufacturers to take a part: A123, Altairnano, Enerdel,different cell models.t,120 different cell models, Ultra High power 超高功率(20C)- 19 manufacturers,Market grow of 15% CAGR(复合年均增长率) peryear dri
6、ven by the EV growing market, Cell costsare decreasing by 8% per year (Source: IIT).Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University,动力电池的现状 High power 高功率(10C)- 84 manufacturers, 1500,中日韩在动力电池制造方面占支配,Far-East manufacturers dominate the market,台湾,Pouch cells,动力电池的包装方式,Prismaticcells,较好的
7、传热,安全性好使用寿命长,Cylindricalells,功率最高的磷酸铁锂电池,S,Beijing ChinaPowerel北京中润恒动电,池有限公司,850 x560 x71,200,500 to80%,?,7000,102,21,1028,213,Lionik深圳市龙锂实业有限公司,255 x145 x55,100,500 to80%,-20to 60,3600,105,186,1055,1868,单体电池容量最高的高功率动力电池 Cell Size Cap Cycle Temp Weight Weight Volume mm Ah life range gr energy energy
8、 powerdensity density density densityWh/Kg Wh/L W/Kg W/L,t.,功率最高的18650电池,Highcompetitivemarketwithalmost50differentcellmodels,操作温度最高的动力电池,EV needs batteries with up to 80C hightemperature operating rangem,快速充电动力电池,短问题的最经济的方法。road charging stations.,Current Market Ultra fast charging cellUltrafastcha
9、rgeStation,快速充电 (up to 5 min, 80% capacity) 是解决电动车续驶里程,Toshiba Super Charge Lithium Ion,Battery - SCiB Lithium Manganese oxide Spinel cathode - LMO Lithium Titanate Oxide anode LTO Recharge to 90% of full capacity in less than 5 minutes. Excellent safety because of high level anode stability., 6000
10、cycles of full D.O.D to 90% of initial capacity., Low temperature discharge from -30C., SCIB is currently available on the Schwinn Tailwind electric bike.,2.4Voc,65 Wh/Kg,131 wh/l,650 W/Kg,1316 W/l,http:/,VW&Toshiba, 1st,Will dominate the rechargeable market for the near and mid,future., 2nd,Generat
11、ion Li-Ion Chemistries, Better performance- Up to 300 Wh/kg with fast recharge.- Wider operating temperature range.- Fast Charging. Improved safety. Reduced cost.锂空气电池?,下一代锂离子电池动力电池20,Generation Li-Ion Chemistries,动力电池的安全性问题将影响其市场命运,If it is not safe it will not survive,动力电池的安全性问题,锂离子动力电池的安全性分析,锂离子电
12、池关键技术,材料合成,机理诊断,电极/电池工程化,数学模型,电池,模型,从纳米尺度到微米尺度,再到毫米尺度,性能,电极结构,电池结构,结构材料合成材料修饰表面/界面化学,新工艺新材料安全性长寿命,电极制造电池制备电极模型,高性能锂电池,正极,负极,安全性问题引起的损失,Safety cases,Safety cases,安全性的概念滥用安全性 abuse thermal runaway Mechanical 机械的 crush, nail penetration 挤压、针刺, Electrical 电的 short circuit, overcharge 短路、过充 Thermal 热的 th
13、ermal ramp, simulated fire 热箱、火烧,现场安全性 field failure thermal runaway Manufacturing defects 由制造瑕疵引起 Loose connection, separator damage, foreign debris 连接问题、隔膜损坏、粉尘 Can develop into an internal short circuit 随机发生,引起内短路 Can lead to overheating and thermal runaway 引起过热与热失控,Institute of New Energy Techno
14、logy, INET, Tsinghua University,滥用安全性,现场(随机)安全性,两种安全性概念的差异,现场安全性,滥用安全性, Predictable 可预测的 Common to all cells 对每一个电池 Can/should be evaluatedat the cell level 可以通过测试进行评估 Time constants relativelylong 发生过程较长 Can be augmented byprotection devices 可以通过保护措施进行改善, Not predictable 不可预测的 One-in-a-million (or
15、less) 随机小概率发生 Difficult to evaluate at thecell level, or through QC 无法通过测试进行评估,也不能通过质量管理来完全消除 can occur quickly 发生很突然 PTC, CID, shutdownseparators, electroniccontrols not are effective 目前所有的安全性措施,均不能完全消除锂离子电池安全隐患, 发生安全事故的锂离子电池,之前均通过UL安全认证。, 发生原因基本上是不可预测的内短路所造成。而这种内短路似乎是不能完全消除。 引起安全事故的电池在制造时,均是合格品。 目
16、前滥用安全性标准的测试结果,与发或者不发生安全性事故,之间没有任何联系。,锂离子电池安全性 对于笔记本电脑电池,发生概率在几百万分之一。, Major effort has been payed to improve the ways we,address safety in lithium-ion batteries, however, 在人们如此重视锂离子电池安全性的今天,严重的安全性问题还时有发生。 The battery community does not have adequate teststo evaluate safety as it relates to the safet
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