英语时态语法讲解课件.ppt

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1、三级冲刺英语语法系列讲解,英语的时态讲解一、一般现在时二、一般过去时三、一般将来时四、现在进行时五、过去进行时 六、现在完成时,1,一、一般现在时的用法,1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday e.g. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. e.g. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 e.g. The earth moves around the sun. e.g. Shanghai lies

2、 in the east of China. e.g. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.,2,3) 表示格言或警句中;以及新闻标题中（为了表现现场感 ）。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 Olympics Begin In Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold 奥运盛妆开幕泳将喜夺首金 Looking Back To Look Ahead. 回首往昔展望未来。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如： Columbus proved that the ear

3、th is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。,3,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,

4、 return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I

5、ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,4,二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where

6、 did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that.,5,3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, inten

7、d 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could, would，例如：Could you lend me your bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for

8、 help.,6,注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了；该了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了”，例如： It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如： Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an inval

9、id all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)另外，一般过去时有时也可以表示说话人的感情色彩，见书P7.,7,三、一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人

10、称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm

11、.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,8,4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better g

12、et ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon

13、. (主观安排),9,四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 与al

14、ways, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. Youre always asking me such questions！你老是问我这样 的问题！（用现在进行时表示厌烦）,10,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brother

15、s. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

16、 I accept your advice.4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.,11,五、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when,

17、 while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.,12,典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，w

18、hen表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。,13,1. Loo

19、k! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont makeD. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so ra

20、pidly all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up,14,4. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caug

21、htC. caughtD. catching5. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking6. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.is B. does C. will beD. has been7. Kate is in hospital. Oh,

22、 really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to,15,8. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited9. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they

23、 did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died,16,16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come

24、backD. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left21.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read,17,六、现在完成时,概序：现在完成时是由助动词+过去分词构

25、成，其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。现将其主要用法小结如下：1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。,18,2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：I have been here for just over two years 我到这里才两年多。 He has worked here since 1989 自从19

26、89年以来，他就在这里工作。3. 现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等，但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just, for, since等连用。例如：Have you finished your work yet? I have never heard that before 过去，我从未听说过那件事。,19,4be的现在完成时态。(1)表示一种状态，表示从过去已经开始持续到现在，要与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：There has been a factor

27、y near No14 Middle School for several years(2)表示某人刚从某地回来。例如：Where have you been? I have been to the library(3)后加地点，表示某人曾经到过某地。例如：Have you ever been to West Hill Farm?你曾到过西山农场吗？但是“have(has)gone(to)+地点”则表示已去了某地，不在说话者所在的地方。例如：Where is Kate?She has gone to Beijing with her father凯特在哪里？她和她父亲一起去北京了。,20,5瞬

28、间动词的现在完成时。瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用，但可以用其它方式来表达。像这样的词有：buy, sell, begin, start, leave, come, go, borrow, lend, return, die, 例如：火车已离开半小时了。 误：The train has left for half an hour 正：The train has been away for half an hour 正：The train left half an hour ago 正：It has been half an hour since the train left 正：It is half an hour since the train left 正：Half an hour has passed since the train left但是，其完成时的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示一种状态。例如：I havent received a letter from my father for two months我已两个月没收到我爸爸的信了。He hasnt come here for a week他一个星期没有来这里了。,21,