简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)课件.ppt

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1、专题 12 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句),专题 12 简单句,1陈述句,考点直击 ,陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子，包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：1be 动词的否定式： 在be动词后面加否定词not。如：We arent classmates. 我们不是同学。2情态动词的否定式： 在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如： I cant speak English well. 我的英语说得不好。,专题 12 简单句,3实义动词的否定式： 借助助动词do/does/did。一般现在时的句子的否定结构： 主语doesnt/dont 动词原形其他。如：He

2、doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。 4. 含助动词will, have, has, be的否定式：在后面直接加not。如：He hasnt been there.他没去过那儿。,专题 12 简单句,2疑问句,疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。它分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。1一般疑问句： 通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如：Are you tired? 你累吗？Yes, I am.是的，我累。2选择疑问句： 提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如：Shall we go home or st

3、ay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜？,专题 12 简单句,3特殊疑问句： 以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如：What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么？4反意疑问句： 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要一致。,专题 12 简单句,中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：(1)陈述部分为“Let us”时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”； 陈述部分为“L

4、ets”时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”。如：Let us go to the cinema, will you? 让我们去看电影好吗？Lets go to the cinema, shall we? 让我们去看电影好吗？,专题 12 简单句,(2)陈述部分为“There (Here) be 主语”时，问句部分用“benotthere(here)？”形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, arent there? 盘子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意

5、义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：She seldom goes swimming, does she?她很少去游泳，是吗？(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? 那台电脑有问题了，不是吗？,专题 12 简单句,(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：Someone is knocking at the door, isnt he? 有人在敲门，不是吗？(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) d

6、ont think(believe, suppose, consider等) that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I dont think that he has finished the work on time, has he?我认为他没有按时完成工作，不是吗？,专题 12 简单句,(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un， im， in， dis等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair, isnt it? 它是不公正的，不是吗？(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用“will

7、 you/wont you”； 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用“will you”。 如：Dont make any noise, will you? 不要制造噪音，好吗？,专题 12 简单句,3祈使句,祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否定式是直接在动词原形前加dont。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：1动词原形其他。 如： Be careful.小心。2Do 动词原形(加强语气)。如：Do be careful next time.下次要小心。3加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如： Open the door, please.请打开门。,专题 12

8、 简单句,4感叹句,感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What a difficult question it is!多么难的一个问题啊！(2)What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What useful information!多有用的信息啊！,专题 12 简单句,2how引导的感叹句(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！如：How kind they are!他们多和蔼啊！(2)How陈述句(主语谓语)！如：How time flies！

9、时间飞逝！3what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如：What a good girl！How good the girl is!多好的女孩啊！,专题 12 简单句,5倒装句,1副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时句子要倒装，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here he comes.他来了。,专题 12 简单句,2only在句首强调状语时。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识

10、到他错了。3以so/neither/nor开头的句子。此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者，用倒装句“so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”。如： John cant swim, neither can I.约翰不会游泳，我也不会。,专题 12 简单句,12013黄石 I cant play the piano, and _ A. neither can my sister Bmy sister cant, too C. so cant my sister Dcan my sister, either22013重庆 _ does your father play tennis

11、 after work? Every Tuesday and Thursday. A. How often BHow soon CWhere DWhy,A,A,考点过关 ,专题 12 简单句,32013邵阳 There is little milk in the fridge, _？ A. is there Bisnt there Cisnt it42013青岛 _ it is today! Yes. Shall we go hiking? A. How fine weather BWhat fine weather CWhat a fine weather DHow fine the wea

12、ther52013安顺 Tom, _ afraid of speaking in front of people. You are the best one. A. dont Bnot Cnot be Ddont be,D,B,A,专题 12 简单句,1I dont think she will pass the exam, _？ Awont sheBwill she Cdoes she Ddoesnt she,解析 反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We) dont think (believe, suppose, consider) that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致

13、且用肯定式。,B,语法专练 ,专题 12 简单句,2Mr Wangs never been to Canada, has he? _. He went there on business last week. ANo, he hasnt BYes, he has CNo, he has DYes, he hasnt,解析 反意疑问句的答语要根据事实来回答。由答语“He went there on business last week.”可知他去过，故选B。,B,专题 12 简单句,32013乌鲁木齐 I dont like documentaries. _ A. So do I B. So I

14、 do CNeither do I D. Either do I4Youve just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, _？ Ashall we Bwill you Cdo you Dare you52013黔东南 We have never been to Mexico. What about Jeff? _. He hopes to visit some day. ANeither has he B. Neither does he CSo has he D. So doe

15、s he,C,B,A,专题 12 简单句,62012滨州 She can hardly write her own name, _？ Acan she Bcant she Cneed she Dneednt she,解析 hardly 意为“几乎不”，表示否定，故反意疑问句应用肯定形式。,A,7. 2013铜仁 I really hate to go to such a noisy place. _ ASo am I B. So do I CSo have I D. So can I,B,专题 12 简单句,82012广东 You havent been to the West Lake, h

16、ave you? _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. ANo, I havent BNo, I didnt CYes, I have D.Yes, I did,解析 此处的“No, I havent.”意为“是的，我没有去过。”,A,92013安顺 Our town has changed a lot，_. Aso he has B. so has his Cso is hers D. so has he,B,专题 12 简单句,10Its sunny today. Lets go mountain clim

17、bing, _？ Good idea! Ashall we Bwill you Cwont you Ddo you 11Nothing is more important than life, _？ Ais it Bisnt it Care they Darent they,A,A,专题 12 简单句,122013烟台 Would you like to go to the amusement park? If Jack does, _ AI go, too B. so will I Cneither will I D. so do I13_afraid of making mistakes.

18、Failure is the mother of success. Thanks for encouraging me. ADont BDont be CNot be DBe not,B,B,专题 12 简单句,142013宜宾 Sam didnt go to school yesterday, did he? _. He was ill yesterday. AYes, he did B. No, he did CNo, he didnt D. Yes, he didnt 152013内江 _would you like to choose to live in, Chengdu, Beij

19、ing or Shanghai? Chengdu, I think. AHow B. What CWhen D. Which,C,D,专题 12 简单句,162013安徽 _ can you finish this English exam? In about one and a half hours. AHow far B. How often CHow soon D. How long17_.Its bad for your health. ADont to eat too much BNo eat too much CNever eat too much DNever eating to

20、o much,C,C,专题 12 简单句,18_ late for school again, Tom. Sorry, I promise that I _. ADont; wont BDont be; wont CDont be; dont DDont; will192012孝感 _ do you hang out with your friends? Once a week. AHow longBHow many CHow soon DHow often,B,D,解析 once a week 意为“一周一次”，表示频率，对频率进行提问用how often。,专题 12 简单句,20_ th

21、is rock music, please. Im afraid some people cant stand the noise! AStopping BStop CStops DStopped21Is this a Chinese book or an English book? Oh. _ AYes, it is BNo, it isnt CAn English book DA music book,B,C,解析 此题考查选择疑问句。选择疑问句不能简单地用yes或no来回答，要选择其中之一。,专题 12 简单句,22_did you receive the letter? Just no

22、w. AWhatBWhenCWhereDWhy23_？ The one on the stage. AWho are boys BWheres the boy CWhos that boy DWhich boy24Have you watered the trees? _.Im too busy and I forget it. AYes, I did BYes, I have CNo, I didnt DNo, I havent,B,D,D,专题 12 简单句,25_ wonderful news report he wrote! All of us were proud of him. A

23、What a BWhat CHow DHow a,解析 由后面的 report可知引导词应该用what, report 是可数名词，故选A。,A,专题 12 简单句,26_ good advice the teacher gave me! AHow BWhat CWhat a DHow a,解析 advice意为“建议”，为不可数名词。此题考查感叹句型： What 形容词不可数名词！,B,专题 12 简单句,272013安徽 Tony, _ are you in such a hurry? The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late.

24、 Awhere B. how Cwhen D. why282012广东 _exciting it is to swim in the sea while it is hot! AHow BWhat CHow an DWhat an,D,A,专题 12 简单句,29_ good time we had at the party last night! Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would never forget it. AWhat; so BHow; such CWhat a; such an DHow a; so an30Look，_ dirty

25、the water is! Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it. Awhat a Bwhat Chow Dhow a,C,C,专题 12 简单句,312013泸州 Tell me the way to the cinema, _ you? Awill B. need Cshall D. may32Two_died in the accident. _ terrible it is! Apolicemen; How Bpoliceman; What Cpolice; What Dpolicemans; How,A,A,专

26、题 12 简单句,33Dad, do you like my picture? _！ Its the nicest one Ive ever seen! AWhat beautiful BHow careful CHow wonderful DWhat wonderful picture342013黄石 _ fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer! AWhat a B. How CWhat D. How a,C,B,专题 12 简单句,35Tom had got high marks in the last exam. _， and so did I

27、. ASo he had BSo had he CSo he did DSo did he,A,解析 用“so 主语be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，的确”。,专题 12 简单句,36If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _ I. Ado BamCwill Dshould37Hey, Nick. _ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or well have to walk home. AThis BThere CThat DIt,C,B,解析 以here/there开头的句子通常完全倒装。故选B。,专题 12 简单句,38Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. _ excellent he is! AHow B. What CWhat a D. What an392013齐齐哈尔 _ bad weather it is! Lets stay at home and watch TV. AHow B. What CWhat a40Only by taking more exercise_keep healthy. Acan you Byou can Care you Dyou are,A,B,A,