英语基本句型分析及练习ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语基本句型和句子成分专题复习,石泉中学 尹增香,1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 (S+V)2.The flower is beautiful. 主 + 系 + 表(S+V+p)3. I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. 主 + 谓 + 宾(S+V+O)4.He gave me some useful advice . 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾(S+V+IO+DO)5.Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补(S+V+O+OC)

2、 6.There be + 主语 There is a hole in the wall.,I. What are the basic sentence patterns?,英语六种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + 基本句型二： + + 基本句型三： + + 基本句型四： + +IO +D 基本句型五： + + +O 基本句型六：There be 结构,II. Why is it so important?,英语句子有长有短，有简有繁， 从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸， 但从实质看，都可以归纳成六种基本 句型及其扩大、组合(体现在各种从句中)、 省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型，是 掌握各

3、种英语句子结构的基础,是说出及写出 正确英语句子和理解阅读中长难句的关键，它 对学习非谓语动词也起着至关重要的作用。,What are the characteristics of this sentence pattern？,此句型句子的谓语动词都是 动词，都能表达完整的意思，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，但 直接跟sb/sth做宾语，故 被动语态，所以在做定语或状语时要使用,不及物 vi,不能,（能/不能）,没有,（现在分词/过去分词）,现在分词,yesterday evening.,two hours.,in the past ten years.,in 1919.,1她昨天回家

4、很晚。,2会议将持续两个小时。,3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,41919年，（在）北京爆发了“五.四”运动。,She went home,very late,The meeting will last,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,The May Fourth Movement broke out,in Beijing,基础巩固练习：,in the morning.,to borrow books.,to the south.,five years ago.,five kilos.,every day.,

5、5每天八时开始上课。,6这个盒子重五公斤。,7五年前我住在北京。,8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。,9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。,10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,Classes begin,at eight,This box weighs,I lived,in Beijing,some birds fly,In autumn,My grandfather gets up,early,a lot of students come,Every afternoon,to the library,改错：1. He suddenly realized that nothing had been happ

6、ened.2.The flying arrows were looked like rain.3.Oil prices have been risen sharply since last April.4.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket。填空：5.I gave her the _(remain) money.6._(hurry)to Blusterings home,Grandin apologized to him.,高考能力接轨 Practice makes perfect.,for,remaining,Hu

7、rrying,(主语+Vi不及物动词)扩展和修饰,7.The boy spoke .8.The boy spoke 9.The boy spoke loudly _ his teacher.10.The little boy Tom spoke loudly to his English teacher. 11.The little boy named Tom spoke loudly to his English teacher,loudly,(loud).,named,(name),（以一种粗鲁的方式）.,in a rude manner,to,英语基本句型-1主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不

8、及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings

9、will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,What are the characteristics of this sentence pattern？此句型句子的动词都_能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的_构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思，这种动词被叫做 _，系动词也无_语态，故用作定语或状语时也应用 _分词。,不,表语,系动词,被动,现在,主系表结构中的系动词表示的是主语的 本结构是由特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appea

10、r, look, smell, taste, sound等; 2 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep等;3. 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等;,基础巩固练习,1今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。,I dont feel very well today.,He looks very tired.,Your soup tastes very good.,She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.,1.

11、填空：The boss got _(anger),seeing the scene.2.Please remain _(seat)before the plane lands safely.3.改错：The folwers smelling well had been picked by Peter.4.Tasted good enough,the food was sold out very soon.,高考能力接轨 Practice makes perfect.,angry,seated,good,_,Tasting,_,基本句型三：S+V+O,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的

12、共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语sb/sth，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整,这类动词叫做及物动词,及物动词有被动语态，做定语或状语时要根据情况选用现在分词或过去分词。,4 我十分欣赏你们的表演。5 顾客要求退款。6 这会造成错误的印象。7 我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。,I enjoyed every minute of your performance.,The customer demanded a refund.,We always exchange Christmas gifts.,That will create a wrong

13、impression.,1. 填空：Then all the balloons_ (collect) and put in another room.2.Late in the afternoon,a young man came along._(see)the stone,he said,.3.The boy hates _(laugh)at. 4.改错：One evening at sunset,we sat by the fire,have our barbecue.5.It shortens the time spending on the journey.,高考能力接轨 Practi

14、ce makes perfect.,were collected,Seeing,being laughed,_,having,_,spent,基本句型四：S +V+IO+DO,此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（sth），另一个是动作的间接承受者(sb)。通常当sb在sth前时，不用介词，但若sth在sb前则需加上相应的介词。,基础巩固练习,1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3 这会省去你很多麻烦。4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。,She sang us an English song.,Ill make y

15、ou some fresh tea.,That will save you a lot of trouble.,Please fetch me todays paper.,1. 填空：My husband bought a bike _me instead of a car . 2.Please send the flowers _the girl whose legs wee badly injured.3.It takes teachers _ (patient) to teach the naughty boys.4.改错：I showed to him my amzing pictur

16、es. 5.The solar cells hardly noticeable and it saves our money on the electric bill.,高考能力接轨 Practice makes perfect.,for,to,patience,_,us,基本句型 五 + + +O（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,基础巩固练习1,1.他发现这工作很有意思 2. 什么使你这样生气？,He found the job quite interesting.,What

17、made you so angry?,3.你们必须保持教室干净,You must keep the room clean.,4 不久他们就把她释放了。,Soon they set her free.,1. 填空：What makes him _(brave) is the encouragement from his deskmate. 2.I make it _rule to recite English composition every morning.3.We all expected him _(bring)honor for our class.4.改错：The little bo

18、y opened the cage and set the bird freely .5.At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the Golden Triangle.,高考能力接轨 Practice makes perfect.,brave,a,to bring,_,free,what,英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+其他”构成，用以表达存在关系可译为“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用

19、 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 There is/are 过去有 There was/were 将来有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 过去曾经有 There used to be 现在已经有 Th

20、ere has/have been 可能有 There might be. 肯定有 There must be There must have been. 似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be ,There be + 主语 (例句),There was a big fire in the early April of 1978.There seemed to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There was said to be a

21、big fire in the early April of 1978.There happened to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There couldnt have been a big fire in the early April of 1978.,巩固练习：1天气预报说下午有大风。 2灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 3战前这儿一直有家电影院的.,The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,The light is on. There must be

22、someone in the office.,There used to be a cinema here before the war.,4恰好那时房里没人。 5从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。,There happened to be nobody in the room at that time.,Once upon a time, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,1. 填空：There _an elephant and two flies carrying out a funny conversatio

23、n. 2.Once upon a time,there _(live) a monk in a temple .3.The light is off .There _be anyone in the office now.4.改错：There used to have a lot of farmers in that village,but now they all went to big cities to find jobs.5.There are many students think that smoking is cool.,高考能力接轨 Practice makes perfect

24、.,was,lived,cant,_,be,_,thinking,英语基本句型和句子成分在写作和阅读中的进一步运用,写作中，如何将要点拓展开来并写出高级句式？ 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生

25、和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by an expert from Shaanxi Normal University on reading strategies in NMET. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师

26、，在听陕师大的一位专家作有关高考阅读策略的重要报告。,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V,阅读中，如何理解长难句？找出它是哪种基本句型的扩展。,First put forward by the French ma

27、thematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.

28、 （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。,Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P,Well,I sincerely hope that with the help of this lesson,you can speak English more fluently,write English sentences correctly and understand long English sentences fully. Thank you!,