英语句子分类——简单句与并列句ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语句子分类简单句与并列句,Classification of English Sentences: Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences,1. 简单句 （Simple Sentences）,2. 并列句 （Compound Sentences）,按结构可分为：,3. 复合句 （Complex Sentences）,简单句与句子成分,1. 主语 ( Subject ),表示句子说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或动名词短语等充当。,例如： 1. My teacher hates telling lies. （指老师这个人） 2

2、. Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years. （所发生的事情 变化）,2. 谓语 ( Predicate ),说明主语“做什么” “是什么” 或 “怎么样”。 通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。 要弄清两个概念： 及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词； 不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。,例如： 1. Children like playing games. 2. They were talking about a new film.,3. 宾语 ( Object ),常指及物动词或介词后面使

3、之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词短语等充当。,例如：1. She has finished doing the experiment.2. We like English and are good at it.,4. 表语 ( Predicative ),与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。英语中常见的连系动词有: look; sound; feel; seem等。,例如：1. Her grandfather is an engineer.2. The two countries were at war th

4、en.3. The fact seems that he didnt notice the car.,5. 定语 ( Attributive ),常指修饰名词的词或短语。常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。,例如：1. The black sweater is mine.2. We have eight classes every day.3. The coffee cup on the table is mine.,6. 状语 ( Adverbial ),常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰

5、形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。,例如：1. The miners work very hard.2. She often helps Mike at school.3. Hearing the news, he couldnt help jumping.,7. 宾语补足语 ( Object Complement ),常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。,例如：1. She keeps the house clean every day.2. Nobody calls m

6、e a liar.3. We last saw him playing on the playground.,简单句的五种基本句型,1）主 + 动 例如： I work.我工作。,2）主 + 动 + 表 例如： John is busy.约翰忙。,3）主 + 动 + 宾 例如： She studies English.她学英语。,4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补 例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。,5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾 例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。,并列句,1. 简单句,例

7、句：1. She goes to work every day. 2. Tom and I found her there. 3. We all breathe, eat and work.,说明：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语 （或并列谓语）构成的句子。,1.Hearingwhathesaid,everybodylaughed._2.Moststudentsinmyclasslikeplayingchess._3.Hisbeinglatemadetheteacherveryangry._4.ThebooklyingonthedeskisonAmericanhistory._5.Tofin

8、ishthetaskontimeisimpossible._6.TherearemanykindsofTVsetsonsaleinthatstore._7.Theredflagswavedinthewind._8.Mr.Whitewillgiveusatalknextweek._9.Thisbedseemshard._,V,O,C,P,S,S,V,IO,DO,P,()1. The weather _.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold() 2. The apple tasted _.A

9、. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet() 3. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter()4. The actor _at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded()5. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we,并列句,Which one is 并列句?,1. H

10、e often helps her and takes good care of her.2. He helps her and she helps him, too.,并列句,例句：1. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 2. Harry likes eggs, but he doesnt like chicken.,说明：由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）把 两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句,并列连词,一、表转折的并列连词主要有 but (但是), yet (可是), while

11、 (而，却)，however（然而），still（仍然；尽管如此），on the contrary（相反），等。,我本该早写信的，但我生病了。(but)I would have written before but I have been ill. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。(yet) I have failed, yet I shall try again. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。(while)You like tennis, while Id rather read. 雨下得很大，我们却不得不出去。 (however)It is raining hard，however we have t

12、o go out他不是个吝啬鬼，相反，没有人比他更慷慨了。(on the contrary)He is not a miser，on the contrary，no one could be more generous我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，可是不喜欢它的式样。(while)While I like the colour of the hat，I do not like its shape,二、表选择关系的并列连词主要 or (或者，否则), eitheror (不是就是), neithernor(既不也不), otherwise (要不然)等。如：,快点，要不然你就赶不上那班火车了。(or

13、)Make haste，or youll miss the train当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。(or)Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.你要么道歉，要么滚开! (eitheror)Either say youre sorry or else get out!他既不抽烟也不喝酒。 (neithernor)Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。(otherwise)Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret i

14、t. 注：neithernor连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序。,三、表平行关系的并列连词主要有 and, not onlybut also(不但而且), when (=and just at this time 就在这时)，on（the）one handon the other hand，neither，nor等。如：,你不仅风趣而且机智。Not only are you funny，but also you are witty他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。 He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他没有去，他的兄弟也没有去。H

15、e did not go，nor did his brother go吉姆踢足球，他的兄弟也踢足球。 Jim plays football and so does his brother一方面我得工作，另一方面我又有许多来访者。On the one hand I have to work，on the other（hand），I have agreat many visitors,四、表因果关系的并列连词主要有 ：for (因为), so (所以)，therefore（所以）, thus（因此）等。如： 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。He shook his head, for he thou

16、ght differently.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。He told me to do it, so I did it.我对中国不十分了解，所以我无法给你出主意。I dont know much about China，therefore I cant advise you about it我们相信他会成功的，因为他有才华。We believe that he will succeed，for he has talent,注意：, so不能与because连用。 but， while不与although连用，但yet， still可与although连用。,1. Bring the

17、flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open.固定结构：“祈使句+and+句子”前面的祈使句暗示一种条件，and后面的表结果。2. Find ways to praise your children often, _youll find they will open their hearts to you. 2. 同上。,and,and,一、单句填空,运用,3. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help.这里的whe

18、n意为“这时候”。表示正在做某事时, 突然又发生另一件事。 4. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 因very happy与前面的very tired是转折关系, 而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词, 故填连词but或yet。,when,but/yet,5. I then realized she had no arms _ legs, just a head, neck and torso.在否定句中表示并列，用or。6.

19、 He took the o1d man not just across the river, _to his home. 搭配: not just.but (also).不但而且;句意为: 他不但送老人过河, 而且送老人到家,or,but,7. .the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable _in decline.,表选择, “或者”。意思是: 一个发达国家的政府想看到的是慢速增长的人口而

20、不是一个稳定不变的人口或下降的人口。,or,8. Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.这是“祈使句(表条件)+and+简单句”句型。9. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _his eyesight was beginning to fail. 补充说明原因用for。,and,for,10. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型。11. We were

21、swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. 表示正在做某事时, 突然又发生另一件事。,or,when,12. We are going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can come with us _ you can meet us there later.12. 表示选择。13. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade _sat down to eat our picnic lunch.

22、 13. 因sat 与found是并列谓语。,or,and,14. Some of us dont have much pocket money, _they feel unhappy.14. 前因后果，引出结果，用so。15. 79.3 of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life _ 67.7 claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate. 15. 表示对比或

23、对照，相当于“而，却”。,so,while,Work hard, _ you will pass the during test.Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become worse and worse. Bill put his hands behind his back, _ nobody could see his hands. We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. How do you like the two pairs of shoes? Th

24、ey dont fit me well. They are too big too small.,练习,3. 复合句,说明：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的句子,从句是主句的一个成分。,例句：1. I believe you are right. 2. If he studies harder, he will pass the exam.,并列句的常用连词,我们常用并列连词and, not onlybut also等 连接联合并列句,用not onlybut also 时， 前面一句要用部分倒装 。例如: 1）Use your head, and youll find a way.

25、2）Not only does he want to come, but the students also need him.,我们常用并列连词but, while, yet等连接转折并列句。例如:（09北京）21. John plays basketball well, _ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for,3. 我们常用并列连词or, eitheror, otherwise 等连接选择并列句。 如: Either you leave this house or Ill call the police.,4. 并列连词so, for等连接因果并列句。 如: It was late, so we went home.,注意：在“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”结构中,当前后 两部分为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反 关系时,用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由 if引导的条件状语从句, 要将and 或or 去掉。 例如: Hurry up, and well be there in time. = If we hurry up, well be there in time.,2. 并列连词so 不能与because连用; 并列连词 but不能和although或 though连用。,