选修8第四单元重点单词短语讲解ppt课件.ppt

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1、,1.Hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇 （1）hesitate to do sth. hesitate about /over/at (doing) sth. hesitate about + 疑问词+to do sth.,做某事犹豫不决,(2)hesitation n犹豫without hesitation毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in (doing) sth.毫不犹豫地 做某事Dont hesitate to go to a doctor if you have any unusual symptoms.如果你有任何不正常的症状，别犹豫，马上去看医生。,We wi

2、ll do our duty without hesitation.我们会毅然决然地尽我们的责任。I have no hesitation in saying that you are my idol.我毫不犹豫地说你是我的偶像,2classify vt.编排；分类；归类归纳拓展(1)be classified according to按分类be classified into被分成be classified as被划分为(2)classified adj.按种类分类的，类别的classified advertisements分类广告classification n分类，类,In librar

3、y books are usually classified according to subjects.在图书馆里，书籍通常是按科目分类的。Patients are classified into three categories.病人被分成三种类型。His play is classified as comedy.他的戏剧被划分为喜剧。,3remark n谈论；言论；评述v谈论；评论；说起归纳拓展(1)make a remark/remarks about/on.就作评论make no remark不加评论，什么也不说(2)remark on/upon对作出评论remark that.评论

4、/说,(3)remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的be remarkable for因而显著a remarkable achievement/career/talent显著的成就/事业/才能,He made a number of rude remarks about the food there.关于那里的食物他作了许多无礼的评论。The judges remarked on/upon the high standard of entries for the competition.评委们说明了参赛的高标准。,4condemn vt.迫使接受(困境)，使注定；谴责；判刑，宣告有罪(与t

5、o连用)归纳拓展(1)condemn sb.to (do) sth.使某人注定(做)某事；判处某人(2)condemn sb./sth. for sb./sth.指责某人(事),(3)condemned adj.已被定罪者；已被定罪者使用的condemnation n定罪，谴责，指责Most people would condemn violence of any sort.大多数人都会谴责任何种类的暴力行为。,If you dont learn from the past，youre condemned to repeat your mistakes.如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复

6、以前的错误。She is often condemned for her carelessness.她常因粗心而受到指责。He was found guilty and condemned to be shot.他被判有罪，处以枪决。,5acquaintance n相识，了解，熟人归纳拓展(1)acquaintance用作不可数名词时，表示“熟悉，(正式)认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表示“熟人；相识的人”。(2)make ones acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人，与某人相见,h

7、ave no acquaintance with sb./sth.与不认识，没有交情；对不了解cut/drop ones acquaintance with.与绝交gain acquaintance with.得以熟知,(3)acquaint v熟悉；了解acquaint sb. with.使某人了解 be acquainted with熟悉Hes just a business acquaintance.他只是我业务上的一个熟人。I had little acquaintance with modern poetry.我对现代诗所知甚少。,I am well acquainted with

8、her family.我和她家里的人很熟。,in terms of 就来说，从角度；根据， come to terms with sb.和解；达成协议；让步come to terms with sth.甘心忍受；适应；顺 从,be on good/bad terms with与关系很好/坏in the long (short) term从长远(眼前)来看in ones terms在某人看来on equal terms在平等的条件下,Hs is still on excellent terms with his exwife.他仍然和前妻保持着极好的关系。Many of the scientis

9、ts and engineers are judged in terms of how great their achievements are.人们往往以成就大小来评价一些科学家和工程师。She is still coming to terms with her sons death她还没有完全从儿子死亡的阴影中走出来The companys prospects look good in the long term.公司的远景看来不错。,Superior (1).长官；上级（2) 优秀的，较高的be superior to 比.优秀/地位高be inferior to比.差/地位低be se

10、nior to比.年长/地位高 be junior to.比.年幼/地位低,6compromise n妥协；折衷；妥协(或折衷)方案vi.妥协；折衷；让步；违背，放弃归纳拓展(1)make compromises with sb. 作出让步； 与妥协come to/reach a compromise on sth.就某事达成妥协,compromise on sth.以折衷方法解决争论、争端等(2)违背，放弃，背弃compromise ones principles/beliefs/ideas违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想,In any relationship，you have to make

11、 compromises.在任何关系当中，你都得作出让步。After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise on trade.双方经过长时间商谈终于就贸易方面达成了妥协。,We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。They were unwilling to compromise with the military.他们不愿与军方妥协。,7overlook vt.俯视；忽视；不理会归纳拓展(1)overlook a mist

12、ake忽略了一个错误overlook ones fault不追究(某人的)过错overlook sb.for sth.(提拔等)对某人不予考虑,From my study window I can overlook the bay.从我书房的窗口，我可以俯瞰海湾。His services have been overlooked by his employers.他的服务一直未得到他雇主的重视。Shes been overlooked for promotion several times.几次提职时都没有考虑她。,1pass.off as.(把某人)改变或冒充成pass off(指事件)发生

13、，进行；举行；(指痛苦、 危机等)结束pass away去世pass by路过；经过pass down把流传下去,ass on传递pass out昏倒；失去知觉pass through通过，穿过；经历；体验,He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他冒充警卫逃跑了。The sports meeting passed off well.运动会开得很顺利。I was just passing by so I thought Id stop for a visit.我正好经过，于是就想来看看你。,Show.sb. in 带或领进来Considerin

14、g its cold outside, youd better show the old man in. 考虑到外面天气很冷，你最好把那位老人领进来。We were shown into the waiting room.我们被领进等候室。归纳拓展show sb.out 领某人出去show sb. round/around. 带领某人参观,show sb. the door 对某人下逐客令show the way 做出榜样 show off 夸耀，卖弄show up 突出，显眼；出现,I showed the foreigners around our school. 我带领外宾参观了我们的学

15、校。It is unwise to show off your greater knowledge in front of people.在人们面前卖弄自己广博的知识是很不明智的。It was getting late when she finally showed up.天色渐晚她终于出现了。,4fade out(声音，画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡归纳拓展(1)fade v褪色，凋谢fade away(自视野，听界或记忆中)逐渐消失；衰弱；病重死亡fade in(画面)淡入；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)fade up渐强(指电视、广播中的声音),(2)表示声音的渐渐消失时，fade out，

16、fade away以及die away，die down可通用。(3)有关out 的短语：point out 指出pull out 拉出；掏出；拔出；抽出；取出；(车，船)驶出go out (灯、火)熄灭；(年、月)结束；(衣着)过时；倒塌；罢工check out 结账离开rule out 排除的可能性，拒绝考虑某事,The sound of the boys crying faded out in the distance.那个孩子的哭声在远处逐渐消失。Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away.达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。G

17、eorge saw the monitor blacked out and then a few words faded in.乔治看到屏幕变黑，接着出现了几个字。,5.While watching,he makes notes.他边看边作笔记。But，sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.但是，先生，一旦被教以恰当的谈吐方式，那个女孩在三个月后就可以冒充大

18、使花园聚会上的贵妇人。,once/if/as/unless/when/though/while/as if.v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj.的省略句式,When finished，the homework was handed in.作业一完成就交了上去。,【链接训练】It is rather difficult to make friends with him，but his friendship，_，is more true than any others.Aonce gained Bwhen to gainCafter gaining Dwhile gaining【解析】考查省

19、略。此题应用过去分词作状语表示条件。once gained 相当于 once it is gained，gain 和 his friendship之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。【答案】A,复习过去分词作状语过去分词或过去分词短语作状语修饰谓语动词表示的动作，其逻辑上的主语就是句子的主语。过去分词短语作状语往往可以用相应的状语从句或并列复合句来代替。(1)表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。When asked about his future plans，Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would show a modern theme.当被问

20、到将来的打算时，张艺谋说他的下一部电影将表现一个现代的主题。,(2)表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Tom fell asleep at once，very tired.汤姆很累，很快就睡着了。(3)表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。Given more time，we would have finished the job much better.如果我们有更多时间，我们会把工作完成得更好。(4)表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Although wounded all over，the brave soldiers con

21、tinued to fight.虽然伤痕累累，勇士们仍坚持战斗。(5)表示行为方式或伴随状况，相当于并列复合句。Mr.Zhang was sitting in the room，lost in thought of the past.张先生坐在房间里，陷入对往事的回忆中。,注意：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。Once set，the time cannot be changed.时间一旦设定就不能更改。过去分词作状语时，分词前面也可加once，though，where等连词，此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。Though beaten(Though he was

22、 beaten)，he didnt lose heart.虽然输了，但他并没有灰心。,过去分词作状语与动词ing形式作状语时的区别：过去分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前或与之同时发生即常表示被动和完成。而v.ing作状语时，与其逻辑主语是主动关系，一般所表示的动作与主句中谓语动作同时发生。He stood there silently，moved to tears.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。Reading carefully，youll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。,【链接训练】_ a sec

23、ond time，will the man have one more try?ATurn down BIf turning downCTo turn down DIf turned down【解析】考查过去分词短语作状语。因为主句的主语the man和turn down之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。【答案】D,The policeman put down the phone，_ with a smile on his face.Asatisfied BsatisfyingCto be satisfied Dhaving satisfied【解析】考查非谓语动词。satisfy 意为“使满意”

24、，既然人作了主语则用它的过去分词形式作状语。该句的含义是“警察放下了电话，脸上露出满意的笑容”。【答案】A,_for his expert advice，John is often asked to help others with personal affairs.AHaving known BBeing knownCKnown DKnowing【解析】句意为：由于他的内行的建议很出名，约翰常常被要求来帮助别人解决个人事情。John与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，排除A、D项；又因B项强调动作正在被执行与题意不符。故选C项。【答案】C,Jenny was reading

25、 a piece of science fiction，completely _ to the outside world.Ahaving lostBbeing lostClosingDlost【解析】考查非谓语动词。lost是形容词，后半句是形容词短语表示状态。【答案】D,_ in the cage for half a day，the bird became hungry.ABeing kept BKeptCHaving been kept DHave been kept【解析】句意为：小鸟被关在笼子里半天了，饿极了。由句意可知for half a day作时间状语，并且和后面的动作became具有明显的先后顺序，故用分词完成式来表示。【答案】C,