中考英语阅读理解解题技巧 ppt课件.ppt

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1、阅读理解解题技巧,阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,常德2018年考题要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。1 理解主旨和大意 2 理解文中细节的具体位置3 根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判

2、 断 型,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）,1.干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2.干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3.干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Whats the main idea of this text?3)Which of

3、the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5) The main idea of the passage is6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题 的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-主旨大意题,Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said

4、. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to play now .” She ran into the back gard

5、en .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among th

6、e flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my ro

7、om clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .,练习题,细节题,解释,Question: What is the main idea of the story ? （主旨大意题） A. A butterfly is kids best friend B. Everyone should keep their rooms clean C. Everybody has to do their part D. A butterfly is a better teacher than a mother

8、,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C；由文中的 “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away .得出答案。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑

9、问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, wha

10、t, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-事实细节型,文章,Which is the correct order for the following to takeplace in the story ? （细节题）A、 Mary played in the back garden B、 Mary promised to keep her room clean C、 Mum asked Mary to clean up her room D、 A butterfly flew ove

11、r and talker with Mary E、 Mary cleaned up her room a, c, d, b, e B. c, a, d, b, e C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, d, b, c, e,练习题,第三节,Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont.

12、 Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to play now .” She ran into the back garden ,this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys

13、 hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here an

14、d there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .,同义法 常在词或短语之

15、间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-词义猜测型,Q: Which of the followin

16、g is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the city and countryside, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers.

17、Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的educated 和没有受过教育的illiterate ；住在城市的 city 和住在农村的countryside ；年轻的young 和年长的old 正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。,本题答案选C,A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earn

18、s about 650 yuan a year.B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.,A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就解释了 herdsman的词义为“牧人”。B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.

19、句首的 like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与 likes to make friends意义相近。,推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： The p

20、assage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.We can learn from this passage that_We can conclude from the passage that_It can be seen from the passage that_,阅

21、读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-推理判断型,练习题,解释,P5,Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put a

22、way all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep you

23、r bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their

24、flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .,Q: It can be inferred (推测) from the story that （推理判断题）A. Mum asked the butterfly to teach Mary B. the butterfly always picked up the rubbish left by Mary C. Marys back garden was clean and tidy D. Mary played with the butterfly every day,文章,Thank You,Your Advice is welcome,Successs ahead!,