翻译技巧(2)词类转换法ppt课件.ppt

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1、A. 名词转译成动词（概述）,1. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。2. Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由， 毋宁死。3. He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。4. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同不应妨

2、碍彼此的接近与合作。,I. Converting to verbs,5. I am afraid I cant teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。6. The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。,I. Converting to verbs,A. 名词转译成动词（基本方法）,（一）具有动态意义的名词（1） “ of ” 结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺

3、译与逆译1. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the ver

4、ification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.2. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。3. Insistence on human rights,A. 名词转译成动词（基本方法）,4. Many p

5、eople in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.练习：1. The 1967 UN document calls for the s

6、ettlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israels right to exist.,2. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the wor

7、ld.3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russias refusal.4. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: object

8、ive observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events. The verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some are

9、a of natural activity.,A. 名词转译成动词（基本方法）,（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.一周快结束时， 敌人彻底溃退了。,A. 名词转译成动词（基本方法）,（三）英语中有些以后缀 er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并

10、指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3. He is no smoker, but his father is a

11、chain-smoker.,A. 名词转译成动词（基本方法）,（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1. The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.2. She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness.3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students health4. He

12、 has already made mention of the matter in his speech.,练习（一）1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status.2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views o

13、n the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. （在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。）,练习（二）,1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new t

14、heories of physics.暗能量视乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间， 不仅如此，如果它的存在能够经受时间的考验，那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largest coherent bodies in the universe-assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by gravity.对于星系群来说是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体，集中了数千个星系，埋藏在巨

15、大的热气云团中，由重力联系在一起。3. Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar, permanent space station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.科学家认为，由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测地球上的自然灾害，进行医学研究，以及

16、收集太阳能并将其送回地面。4. The analysis will require the development of new theoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years.要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具，不过今后几年中我们就会掌握分析的方法。,I. Converting to verbs,5. Basically applied science starts with the clear understanding of a human need and then uses all th

17、e available scientific knowledge to assist in the satisfaction of this need.归根到底，应用科学的出发点是清楚地了解人类的某一项需要，然后利用一切现有的科学知识去帮助满足这种需要。6. Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe.理论科学的主要任务是发展理论，建立宇宙间各种现象

18、之间的关系。7. Increasingly, there is talk of viewer participation in television; two-way TV programs will make it possible to take part in a soap opera or football game as if the viewer were there.人们越来越多的谈论着电视观众参与电视节目的问题，双向电视节目将使电视观众有可能参加电视连续剧的演出或足球比赛，犹如身临其境。8. In general, drying a solid means the remova

19、l of relatively small amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.一般情况下，固体干燥指的是从固体材料中除去相对少量的水或其他液体，从而使残留液体的含量减少到可接受的低水平。,A. 介词转译成动词。（prep.-v.）1. The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地

20、走了上这条路。2. He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。3. It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。4.The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts. 公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。,II. Converting to ve

21、rbs,练习,1. In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.任何及其的输入功都等于输出功加上克服摩擦所做的功。2. This type of film develops in twenty minutes.冲洗词类胶片需要20分钟。3. An analog computer manipulates data by analog means.模拟计算机采用模拟方式处理数据。4. The air plane barreled straight ahead, across the ha

22、rbour and out over the sea.飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。5. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps党的干部吃简陋饿食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的工作着。,B. 形容词转译成动词（adj.-v.）1.Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. 诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，

23、而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。2.Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。3. Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？,II. Converting to verbs,练习,1. If we were ignorant of the stru

24、cture of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.2. They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们怀疑他、讨厌他。3.They were not content with their present achievements.4.The top-ranking Asian specialist was not sure whether the policy could save the situation.高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时

25、局。,5. If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.如果能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢就会具有更大的竞争力。6. The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance.将电路并联是 为了减小电阻。7. Once inside the body, the

26、vaccine separates from the gold particles and becomes “active”.一旦进入体内，疫苗立即与微金粒分离并“激活”。8. It is no wonder that scientists around the world are racing to harness fusion. But the race is costly and timeconsuming.难怪全世界的科学家都在展开竞争，要驾驭聚变过程。但这一竞争既消耗资金又耗费时间。,C.副词转译为动词（adv.-v.）1. What film will be on this eve

27、ning? 今晚放映什么影片？2. That book will be out pretty soon. 那本书不久就要出版了。3. In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。4. Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。练习：1. The fatigue life test is over. 疲劳寿命试验结束了。If one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead.

28、如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替它发电。2. Such service will certainly go far in extending the life cycle of older equipment.这种保养肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期中大有作为。E. 动名词转译成动词（gerund-v.） 1. The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。,II. Converting to verbs,A.动词转译为名词（v.-n.）1.The book did not impres

29、s me at all. 那本书没留给我什么印象。2. Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。3. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）4. The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 这台机器的重量是500公斤。,III. Converting to nouns,5. When light falls on certain things, it bou

30、nces back, which we say the light is reflected. 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。6.The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。7.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this

31、direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。,III. Converting to nouns,B. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.-n. ） 1. The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. 天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。2. Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 服从命令是军人的天职。3. Many Western people are religious. 很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。,III. Converting to

32、nouns,1. You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.adj.）2. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 我国政府十分关心海外华侨。3. His address impressed me deeply. 他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。4. From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在

33、前后左右严密地监视敌人。,IV. Converting to other parts of speech,1.He is the right man Im looking for. 他正是我在找的人。2.The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter. 重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。3. The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers need. 机器的在大

34、小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。4. All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved. 你的付出和所得成正比。,IV. Converting to other parts of speech,5. To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people. 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。6. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述

35、十分重要。7. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。8. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city. 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。,IV. Converting to other parts of speech,在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或表语The pallor of her face indicated clearly

36、how she was feeling at that moment.The spokesman admitted the feasibility of the American proposals.发言人承认美国的建议是可取的。He talked for some time with Bundy, and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts.Single crystals if high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integrated

37、circuits.高度完整的单晶对制造集成电路来讲是绝对必要的。,有些名词加不定冠词作表语，通常翻译成形容词The blockade was a successAs he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.,V. Assignments,Put the following into English, paying special attention to the

38、selection of words. 大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。所以人们对于大自然大全都一致并深深地依赖着。 尤其是在乡间， 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 种植庄稼和葡萄， 酿酒和饮酒， 喂牛和挤奶， 锄草和栽花； 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜， 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌； 往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说， 风俗也就衍传了下来。说明：本题是2002年全国英语专业八级考试汉译英试题。 翻译时在以下三个方面请特别注意： 1.词汇的选择， 包括词义的理解和词的搭配。 2. 词序。 3. 语篇层次。,VI. References for further reading,1. 陈秋劲编著. 英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）. 湖 北：武汉大学出版社，2005. 2. 范仲英编著. 实用翻译教程（第一版）. 北京：外 语教学与研究出版社，2005. 3. 郝丽萍等编著. 实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一 版）. 北京：机械工业出版社，2006. 4. 叶子南著. 高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.,The End,Thanks for Your Attention,