给水排水专业英语ppt课件.ppt
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1、1,Unit 16Conventional wastewater Treatment Processes,传统污水处理过程,2,Conventional wastewater treatment consists of preliminary processes (pumping, screening, and grit removal), primary settling to remove heavy solids and floatable material, and secondary biological aeration to metabolize and flocculate c
2、olloidal and dissolved organics. 传统的废水处理包括初步处理(提升,筛选和除砂),初沉去除重金属固体和漂浮物质,二级曝气生物代谢和絮凝去除胶体和溶解的有机物。Waste sludge drawn from these unit operations is thickened and processed for ultimate disposal (Fig.33).从这些单元操作产生的污泥,被浓缩以便最终处理(图33)。,3,Preliminary Treatment UnitsThe following preliminary processes can be
3、used in municipal wastewater treatment: coarse screening (bar racks), medium screening, comminution, flow measuring, pumping, grit removal pre-aeration, flotation, flocculation, and chemical treatment. 以下初步处理可以在市政污水处理中使用:粗筛(格栅),中筛选,粉碎,计量泵,抽,预曝气除砂,气浮,絮凝和化学处理。The latter three are not common in domesti
4、c wastewater treatment. These practices are sometimes dictated by the industrial pollutants in the municipal wastewater. 后三种在生活污水处理是不常见的。这些过程有时由城市污水所含的工业污染物决定。,4,Flotation is used to remove fine suspensions, grease and fats and is performed either in a separate unit or in a pre-aeration tank also us
5、ed for grit removal. 气浮是用于去除细小悬浮物,油脂和脂肪,要么是在一个单独的处理单元或在预曝气池用于除砂。If adequate pretreatment is provided by petroleum industries and meat-processing plants, flotation units are not required at a municipal facility. 在石油工业和肉类加工厂处理中,如果有足够的预处理,气浮单元在市政设施是不需要的。Flocculation with or without chemical addition ma
6、y be practiced on high-strength municipal wastes to provide increased primary removal and prevent excessive loads on the secondary treatment processed. 无论有没有化学添加剂的絮凝过程,高浓度的市政污水必须经过足够的预处理,防止在二级处理中有过度负荷。Chlorination of raw wastewater is sometimes used for odor control and to improve settling character
7、istics of the wastes.原水的氯化有时用于气味控制和提高废物的稳定特性。,5,Primary Treatment UnitsPrimary treatment is sedimentation. In common usage, though the term includes the preliminary treatment processes. 主要处理方法是沉淀。在常见的用法,虽然该术语包括前处理工艺。Sedimentation of rawwastewater is practiced in all large municipal plants and must p
8、recede trickling (biological) filtration. 在大型的市政污水厂中原水的沉淀和必须在滴滤池(生物处理)前。Completelymixed activated-sludge processes can be used to treat unsettled raw wastewater; however, this method is restricted to small municipalities because of the costs involved in sludge disposal and operation. 完全混合式活性污泥法被用来处理
9、不沉降的原水,然而,因为污泥处理费用和操作,这个方法一般不在小的城市使用,,6,Secondary Treatment UnitsPrimary sedimentation removes 30%50% of the suspended solids in raw municipal wastewater. 初沉池能够去除市政污水30 50的悬浮固体。Remaining organic matter is extracted in biological secondary treatment to the allowable effluent residual using activated-
10、sludge processes, trickling filters, or biological towers. 剩余的有机物在二级生物处理被吸附已达到出水的浓度标准,一般二级处理为活性污泥工艺,滴滤池或生物塔。In the activated-sludge method wastewater is fed continuously into an aerated tank, wheremicroorganisms synthesize the organics. 在活性污泥法,废水被连续地送入曝气池,在这里微生物合成有机物。,7,The resultingmicrobial floc (
11、activated sludge) is settled from the aerated mixed liquor under quiescent conditions in a final clarifier and returned to the aeration tank. 产生的微生物絮体(活性污泥),在沉淀池中从曝气混合液中分离出来,并返回到曝气池。The plant effluent is clear supernatant from secondary settling. 出厂水为二沉池后的上清液。Advantages of liquid aeration are high-B
12、OD removals, ability to treat high-strength wastewater, and adaptability for future use in plant conversion to advanced treatment.,8,On the other hand, a high degree of operational control is needed, shock loads may upset the stability of the biological process, and sustained hydraulic or organic ov
13、erloading results in process failure.另一方面,操作控制要求高,冲击负荷会扰乱生物处理工艺的稳定,持续的水力或者有机负荷会导致处理工艺的失败。,9,Trickling filters and rotating biological contactors have media to support microbial films. 滴滤池和生物转盘通过媒介支撑生物膜。These slime growths extract organics from the wastewater as it trickles over the surfaces. 这些生物膜从流
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