第2讲 动词的分类[配套课件]ppt课件.ppt

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1、第2讲 动词的分类,一、选词填空,1How long have you _ (kept, borrowed) this novel?2Lily _ (wears, puts on) a pink dress today.,3 Its nice of you to _ (cost, spend) so much time,showing me around your school.,4Mike _ (turned on, turned off) his computer and,went out to watch TV.,5The radio _ (tells, says) that there

2、 will be another,heavy rain in Guangdong.,Too bad.It has rained for the whole week.,kept,wears,spend,turned off,says,二、完成句子，每空一词,1这些甜饼尝起来很好。我可以再多吃一些吗？,The cookies _ _.Could I have some more?,2.我们班现在有五十多个学生。,There _ more than 50 students in our class now.,3我认真听了听，可什么也没听见。,I_ carefully but I _nothing.

3、,4每天步行去上学要花我半小时。,It_ me half an hour to _ _ school on,foot every day.,5我的车坏了，所以得坐公共汽车上班。,My car is broken, so I_ _ go to work by bus.,taste good,are,listened heard,takes go to,have to,再现中考情态动词,题1,_ you come with me to Lang,Langs piano concert this evening?Id love to, but I have to study for my math

4、test.,AShouldCMust,BMayDCan,点拨选D。根据答语可知，问句表示请求，应用 can。,题2,Someone is knocking at the door.Is it,Ann? It _ be her.She is giving a performance at thetheatre now.,A.mayCcant,BmustDmustnt,点拨选C。may 可以，可能；must 一定，必须；cant 不可能，不能，表示可能性；mustnt 一定不要，表绝对禁止。 根据句意“有人正在敲门。是安吗？”“不可能是她。她现在在剧院里演出。”可知选C。,题3,_ I swim

5、here?,Im sorry.Children _ swim alone here.,AMust; cantCCan; mustnt,BMay; mustDCant; can,点拨选C。由“Im sorry.”可知孩子们是“不准”在这儿游泳的，故选 C，意为“不准，不应该，不允许”。,动词的辨析,题1,This time Mike could not _48_ his,anger.He shouted at her.,48A.show,Bleave,Ccontrol,Ddiscover,点拨选C。由下文“He shouted at her.”可知迈克这次不能“控制”怒气了，故选 C。,题2,“

6、Now ， ” said the coach, “go and,_52_ them with the boy who stole your biscuits.”,52A.share,Bchoose,Cdivide,Dfill,点拨选A。固定短语 share.with.意为“和分享”，故选A。,题3,One morning, his parents gave him some,money to _47_ some milk for them.Outside a shop he saw.,47A.lendCdrink,BbuyDborrow,点拨选 B。lend 意为“借出”；buy 意为“买”；

7、drink意为“喝”；borrow 意为“借给”。由后句“Outside a shop.”可以推断他去商店是为父母“买牛奶”，故选 B。,动词的用法,题,“I had thought it was easy to _73_,money in America ， ” he told me.“But when I _74_ in LosAngeles, I realized it was not true.点拨73.填 make/earn。make/earn money 挣钱，为固定短语。74填 arrived。arrive in 到达。,动词短语的辨析,题1,I will miss my fam

8、ily when I go,abroad for further study this autumn.Dont worry.You can _ them by e-mail.,Acome up withCmake friends with,Bget along withDkeep in touch with,点拨选D。come up with 意为“想出”；get along with 意为“与相处”；make friends with 意为“与交朋友”；keep in touch with 意为“与保持联系”。由 by e-mail 可知是表示通过邮件“保持联系”，故选 D。,题2,Agai

9、n and again the doctor_ the,crying baby girl, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.,A.looked overClooked for,Blooked afterDlooked out,点拨选A。look over 意为“仔细检查”；look after 意为“照顾，照料”；look for 意为“寻找”； look out 意为“小心，当心”。根据句意“医生反复仔细检查这个一直哭的女婴，但是他不能找出她到底哪里不舒服。”可知选 A。,题3,I love this song by Lady

10、Gaga.Would you,_ the TV a bit, please? I cant hear it clearly.,Aturn onCturn up,Bturn offDturn down,点拨选C。turn on 打开；turn off 关上；turn up 调大；turndown 调小。根据“I cant hear it clearly.”可知，是要求把电视的音量“调大”，故选 C。,动词可以按照其含义及它们在句中的功能分成四类：连系,动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。,连系动词,连系动词又叫系动词，它不能直接作谓语，后面常跟形容词(作表语)构成系表结构表达完整的意义。常见的系动

11、词有：be,become, get, turn, grow, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, seem,remain, stay, come, fall, go 等。如：,He looked very excited.他看起来很兴奋。Roses smell sweet.玫瑰闻起来很香。,Its getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。,注意：系动词没有被动语态，且一般不能用于进行时态。,典题分析,题,Mum, what are you cooking?,It,_ so sweet.,A.tastesCsounds,B

12、feelsDsmells,点拨选D。taste 尝；feel 感觉；sound 听； smell 闻。句意：妈妈你在煮什么啊？闻起来好香。故选D。,实义动词,实义动词又叫行为动词，它表示事物的动作或状态，在句中,能独立作谓语。它可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。及物动词后面需跟宾语才能使其意义完整，如 like, make, clean, love等。不及物动词本身意义就完整，不能直接跟宾语；如果要跟宾语，则要与介词搭配，如 come, go, leave, laugh, listen, run, swim,stand 等。如：,I am reading an interesti

13、ng book.我正在看一本有趣的书。(及,物动词),He is running.他正在跑步。(不及物动词),The boy is listening to music.这个男孩正在听音乐。(不及物动,词),注意：有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，,但意义不同。如：,The crops grow well in the field.地里的庄稼长得很好。(不及,物动词，表示“生长”),The old man grows vegetables in his garden.这个老人在园子,里种菜。(及物动词，表示“种植”),常见的既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词的动词有：,beat,

14、close, open, start, drive, play, speak, sing, wake, win, stop,cook 等。,典题分析,题,As one of the school rules, middle school,students are not_ to smoke.,AorderedCallowed,BrefusedDforbidden,点拨选C。order 命令；refuse 拒绝；allow 允许；forbidden被禁止的。句意：作为学校的一项制度，中学生不允许吸烟。be not allowed to do 意为“不(被)允许做某事”，故选C。,助动词,助动词本

15、身没有任何实际的意义，必须和实义动词连用，帮助构成疑问句、否定句以及各种时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有：be (am, is, are, was, were), do (does, did), have (has,had), will, would, shall, should 等。其中 do, have 也可作实义动词。,情态动词,情态动词本身具有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、态度以及请求、愿望等。它没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)。常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, should, w

16、ould, need等。,1can 的用法,注意：(1)can 与 be able to 的区别,(2)could 在下列情况下不表示过去时态：,提出委婉的请求时，could 比 can 客气、委婉，但在回答,时不可用 could。如：,Could I have a look at the bracelet？我可以看一看这个手,镯吗？,Yes, you can./No, you cant.是的，可以。/不，不行。在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时，相当于 might，,表示“可能，也许”。如：,He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。,2.may 的用法,注意：以Ma

17、y I 开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用“Yes, youmay.”“Yes, please.”“Certainly./OK./Sure.”等；否定回答可用“No,you cant.”“No, you mustnt (不可以)”“Please dont.”等。,3.must 的用法,注意：must 与 have to 的区别,4.need 的用法,need 意为“需要”，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句和否定句中，否定式为 neednt，表示“不必”。作实义动词时，后接 to do 或名词，即：need/dontneed to do sth.或 need sth.；当主语

18、是物时，用 need doing 表示被动的含义，相当于 need to be done。 如：,Need I go there？我需要去那里吗？,I dont need to buy a new backpack.(作实义动词)I neednt,buy a new backpack.(作情态动词)我不必买新书包。,The trees need watering.( 主动形式表被动) The trees need,to be watered.这些树需要浇水。,5should 的用法,should 意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称；,否定式为 shouldnt。如：,You shou

19、ldnt give up.You should try your best. 你不应该放,弃，你应该竭尽全力。,6had better 的用法,had better 意为“最好”，否定式为 had better not，表示劝,告、忠告，后接动词原形。如：,We had better let him go.我们最好让他走吧。,Youd better not play soccer near the road.你最好不要在公路,边踢球。,典题分析,题1,The man is feeling much better now,so you _ call a doctor.,A.needntCmust

20、nt,BcantDshouldnt,点拨选A。根据前面 better 可知句意应该是“不必(neednt)去请大夫”，故选A。,题2,Whos singing in the garden?,It _ be Mr.Brown.He always practices singing atthis time.,Amust,Bcant,Cneed,点拨选A。由答语的第二句可知“一定(must)是布朗先生”。 cant 表示“不可能”；need 表“需要”；均不符合语境。故选A。,题3,You _ drive your car so fast.Its,very dangerous.,AwouldntCc

21、ouldnt,BshouldntDmightnt,点拨选B。wouldnt 不会；shouldnt 不应该；couldnt 不能；mightnt 不可能。由句意“你不应该开车这么快，很危险。”可知选B。,题4,Dick, _ I use your,e-dictionary?Yes, please._ you give it to Mike after you use it?,Awill; WouldCcan; Could,Bmay; MightDshall; Should,点拨选C。选项中 will 和 shall 一般用于将来时态；向别人请求许可可用can，may。根据语境可排除 A、D 两

22、项。might语气较弱，疑问句中表示请求一般不用 might，而用could, can或 may。故选C。,短语动词常见的短语动词的构成方式有以下几种：1动词介词。如：,hear of 听说talk to/with 和交谈worry about 担心get to 到达look at 看一看look for 寻找listen to 听(某人或某物)wait for 等候,think of/about 思考talk about/of 谈论speak to 与通话arrive in/at 到达look after 照顾look like 看起来像hear from 收到的来信ask for 要求,2

23、动词副词。如：,dress up 打扮put up 建造send up 发射take down 拿下,eat up 吃完pick up 捡起take away 拿走write down 记下,give up 放弃ring up 打电话move away 搬走put down 放下,turn up 调大(音量等) turn down 调小,find out 发现,sell out 卖完,try out 试验,take out 取出,wear out 穿破；磨破,try on 试穿,ut on 穿上,turn on 打开,turn off 关上,take off 脱下,give back 归还,g

24、et back 取回,look over 检查,think over 仔细思考注意：这类短语动词在接宾格代词作宾语时，必须将其放在动词和副词之间。如：take it away, put them down, turn it off,try them on 等。3动词副词介词。如：,look forward to 期待,stay away from 远离,典题分析,题1,Its too hard for me to be a trailwalker.,Never _.Believe in yourself!,Aput upChurry up,Bgive upDlook up,点拨选B。put u

25、p 意为“张贴，建造”； give up 意为“放弃”；hurry up 意为“快点”；look up 意为“查阅(字典等)”。根据后半句句意“相信你自己！”可知选B。,题2, Mum, where are my socks?,Under your bed.You should _ your things.Aput onBput downCput away点拨选C。put on 穿上；put down 放下，写下；put away放好，收拾。由句意：“妈妈，我的短袜在哪儿？”“在你床下，你应该收拾好你的东西。”可知选C。,题3,Never _ todays work till,tomorrow

26、.Yes.Its a good habit.,Aput offCput up,Bput onDput down,点拨选A。put off 推迟；put on穿上；put up挂起；put down放下。根据句意“决不可把今天的事情推迟到明天做。”可知选A。,固定用法,一些动词的固定用法经常出现在考题中，需要特别记忆。,如：,finish doing sth.完成做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事,mind sb.(s) doing sth.介意某人做某事stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事,stop to do sth.停

27、下来去做某事(另一件),forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(某事已完成)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(某事尚未做)used to do sth.过去常常做某事,be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事,典题分析,题,My parents enjoy _ for a walk,after supper.,AgoCto go,BgoesDgoing,点拨选D。enjoy doing sth.为固定用法，意为“喜欢做某事”，故选 D。,1arrive, get to, reach,这三个词都有“到达”

28、之意。,(1)arrive 和 get 是不及物动词，后面需加介词才能接地点。其中 arrive at小地方， arrive in大地方， get to地点。,(2)reach 是及物动词，后面直接加地点。,即景活用,(1)I got _ the village last month.,(2)Well arrive _ Shanghai tomorrow morning.(3)When did you arrive _ the station?,(4)Please call me when you reach _ Changsha.,to,in,at,/,2take, bring, fetch

29、, get,(1)take 指从说话者所在的地方把某人(物)“带去”(单程)。(2)bring 指从别处把某人( 物) 带来说话者所在的地方( 单,程)。,(3)fetchget，指从某地到别处把某物拿来(双程)。,即景活用,(1)Next time dont forget to _ me a copy of your,work.,(2)He likes these art works in this town very much, so he,wants to _ them to his country when he leaves.(3)Please _ me the documents

30、in that room.,bring,take,fetch/get,3join, join in, attend, take part in,(1)join 指参加某党派、某组织或某社会团体并成为其中的,一员，如参军、入党、入团等。,(2)join in 指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，多用于,口语中。,(3)attend 是正式用语，指出席或参加会议、仪式，如婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是“出席”这一动作本身。,(4)take part in 指参加群众性的活动，重在说明主语参加这,一活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。,即景活用,(1)Every excellent player

31、 wants to _ the Olympics,and win.,(2)His brother _ the army three years ago.(3)The whole class _ to sing the song.,(4)I will _ an important meeting tomorrow.,take part in,joined,joined in,attend,4tell, say, speak, talk,(1)tell 意为“告诉；讲述”，表示告诉某人某事，着重指把一件事情传达给别人，或讲述一个事件、一个故事等，可接双宾语。,(2)say 意为“说；诉说”，指用言

32、语表达自己的思想，后接,说的内容，常作及物动词，后接名词、代词或从句。,(3)speak 意为“说；说话”，用作不及物动词时强调“说”这一动作，而不是指说的内容；作及物动词时通常接某种语言作宾语。,(4)talk 是不及物动词，意为“谈话”，指两人或两人以上的一般交谈，与介词 to, with 连用时，意为“与交谈”；与 about,of 连用时，意为“谈论”。,即景活用,(1)请找李雷听电话，好吗？,May I _ _ Li Lei, please?,(2)你能用英语说这个单词吗？,Can you _ the word _ English?,(3)妈妈告诉我不要躺在床上看书。,Mum _ m

33、e _ _ _ in bed to,read.,(4)李先生正与布朗太太在交谈。,Mr.Li is _ _ Mrs.Brown.,speak to,say in,told not to lie,talking with/to,5pay, spend, cost, take,(1)pay 意为“付款；赔偿”，主语通常是人，常用结构为：sb.pay some money for sth.或 pay sb.(some money for sth.)。(2)spend 的 主 语 通 常 是 人 ， 常 用 结 构 为 ： (sb.) spendmoney/time on sth.或(sb.) spe

34、nd money/time (in) doing sth.。(3)cost 的主语必须是物，常用结构为：sth.cost (sb.) some,money。,(4)take 表示“占用，花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it 或物，常用结构为：It/sth.takes sb.some time to do sth.。,即景活用,(1)They _ two years building the bridge.,(2)How much money did you _ for the jacket?(3)It _ him three hours to finish his homework.(4)Th

35、e car _ me lots of money.,spent,pay,took,cost,6borrow, lend, keep,(1)borrow 表示从别人那里借来东西，即“借进来”。常用的搭配是 borrow sth.from sb.。borrow 表示的是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,(2)lend 表示把自己的东西借给别人，即“借出去”。常用的搭配是 lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.。lend 与 borrow 一样，表示的也是一个瞬间完成的动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)keep 也可意为“借”，但侧重指借来后的保存或使

36、用阶段，表示借用一段时间，因此可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。,即景活用,(1)我们经常从学校图书馆借书。,We often _ books _ our school library.,(2)谢谢你把自行车借给我。,Thank you for _ _ your bike. Thank you,for _ your bike _ me.,(3)这本书我才借了一星期。,I _ _ this book for only one week.,borrow from,lending me,to,lending,have kept,7dress, wear, put on, be in,(1)dress 意

37、为“给穿衣”，只用于表示穿衣服，不用于,表示穿鞋、戴帽子等，宾语为人。,(2)wear 表示“穿，戴(衣物、鞋、帽、饰物等)”，强调“穿,着”的状态。,(3)put on 意为“把穿上”，强调“穿”的动作。,(4)be in 表示“穿着，戴着”，后接颜色或衣物，强调状态。,即景活用,(1)Please _ the children right now.(2)John is _ white today.,(3)The girl is _ a pair of glasses.(4)Its cold.Youd better _ your coat.,dress,in,wearing,put on,8

38、happen 与 take place,两者均意为“发生”，都是不及物动词，不能用于进行时,态和被动语态。,(1)happen 常指具体事件的发生，特别是那些偶然的或未能预见的事件的“发生”，此时主语为“事”；还可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意，此时主语为“人”。,(2)take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或发生”，还可表,示“举行某种活动”。,即景活用,(1)He _ to know the place.,(2)Great changes are _ in the city.(3)Has anything _ to him?,(4)The meeting will _ next Frid

39、ay.,happens,taking place,happened,take place,9look, see, watch, read,(1)look 强调“看”的动作，是不及物动词，后接宾语时要,加介词 at。,(2)see 强调“看”的结果，意为“看见”，是及物动词，可用于短语 see sb.do/doing sth.(看见某人做过/正在做某事)。(3)watch 意为“观看，注视”，强调过程，常用于表示看,电视、球赛等。,(4)read 意为“读，阅读”，常用于表示看书、看报、读信,件等。,即景活用,(1)I _ a bird in the tree just now.,(2)The teacher told us to _ at the blackboard.,(3)All the students are _ the football match carefully.(4)Li Lei is _ the letter from his parents.,saw,look,watching,reading,