奥巴马胜选演说文体分析ppt课件.ppt
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1、The Stylistic Features of President Obamas Victory Speech,Background & Comments,Obamas finest speeches do not excite. They elevate. They enmesh you in a grander moment, as if history has stopped flowing passively by, and, just for an instant, contracted around you, made you aware of its presence, an
2、d your role in it.-The American Prospects Ezra Klein,Youd have to have a heart of stone not to feel moved by this. An African-American man wins a closely fought campaign in a pivotal state. He beats two strong opponents, including the mighty Clinton machine. He does it in a system that favors rural
3、voters. -The New York Times David Brooks,Phonological features(1) Appropriate tempo and pitch variationIn president Obamas address, he spoke in different pitches and tempos with the development of his speech. In order to show his feelings and emotions, president Obama used different pitches and temp
4、os in different parts.,(2) Rightly timed pauses are used appropriately, waiting for audiences feedback and make emotional climax.(Pause in public speech is useful. It can signal the end of a thought unit, give an idea time to sink in, and lend dramatic impact to a statement. The crucial factor is ti
5、ming pause for a right length of time. In a sense, a rightly timed pause can be more effective than a right word.),(3) Rhythmic effect (Obama often seeks to exploit the rhythm of language by the choice and arrangement of words. Obamas arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables gives the speech
6、 an almost musical quality. ),Alliteration is used for rhythmic effect e.g.partisanship and pettiness, poisoned our Politics.From parliament and palaces.A new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.,When there was despair in the Dust Bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conque
7、r fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes, we can It is the only chance for us to make that change.,e.g. to put our people back to work and open doors for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace,Block by block, brick by brickHeartache and h
8、opeShe lived to see them stand up and speak out,(4) Distinct articulation Standard pronunciation; Fluent speaking and good memory 如:Let us,而不用 “Lets” I would not be standing here (不用”I wouldnt”) 少用吞音,压缩音,缩略词也少用, 不仅减少了理解困难,同时使奥巴马的演讲显得庄重、严肃。,(5) Stress is used on some wordse.g. Their voices could be t
9、hat different.Our union can be perfected.,(5) Full use of non-verbal communication (Gestures appear naturally and spontaneously, help to clarify or reinforce ideas and be suited to the audience and occasion. Eyes contacts are sometimes used to establish a communicative bond with the audience, convey
10、ing the speakers confidence, sincerity and conviction.),Lexical Features,Less hard words are used, however, the big abstract words which describe the quality are also frequently used. And these words made the speech formal and serious without losing the features of formal public speech.e.g. democrac
11、y, sacrifice, enormity, mortgage, humanity, determination, challenge,This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time - to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American
12、 Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth - that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we cant, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes, we can.,Pronouns are used, e
13、specially the first & second person pronouns “we, I, me, my, us and our &you and your”In public speech, by frequently using the first person pronouns, it is easier for the speaker to demonstrate his views and get the resonance from the public. The use of “we” can make the address and president Obama
14、 closer to the public, because this word can shorten the distance between the president and ordinary Americans, and their relationship becomes more intimate.,在奥巴马的演说词中,多次运用“We”,便于拉近演讲者和听众的距离,听众感受到与演说者的一种强烈的亲密联系,整个国家仿佛是一个密切的整体,这样更容易赢得听众的赞同和支持。,在此演讲中,we 共计使用47次, us 用12次,our 用27次,合计86次。当演讲者用“we”代替“I”时,
15、可以营造一种友好的气氛,让受众感到更为亲切。,Syntactic (Grammatical) features,Variation in sentence lengthThe adoption of different lengths of sentences made his address more acceptable, understandable, and eloquent and can satisfy both the ordinary and the elites taste. And the combination of short sentences and long se
16、ntence made the speech less boring.,Various sentence typesThe majority of sentences in president Obamas speech are declarative sentences, but imperative sentences and interrogative sentences can also be found.,The different types of sentences can make the listeners closely follow the speakers idea w
17、ithout feeling bored. The Interrogative sentence can lead the listeners to think and then get the resonance. The imperative sentences made the listeners feel to be involved in president Obamas address and can feel both the heavy responsibility on their shoulder and the pride to be an American.,祈使句的作
18、用就是向听众进行直接的呼吁,激起他们的热情,让他们按照演讲人的意图办事。恰当地使用祈使句具有极大的煽动性,引起共鸣,激起热情,鼓舞人心。例如: So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism.Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything.we rise or fall as one nation;as one people.Let us resist the temptation.Let us remember that it was a man from this st
19、ate who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House.,圆周句/掉尾句的使用,e.g. Its been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment, change has come to America.(在奥巴马讲这番话时,听众不知道句首的“it”指什么,于是注意力就被吸引到句子的最后一部分,即“change has c
20、ome to America”。奥巴马变革的决心也进一步得到了强调。),Semantic Features,Parallelism Quotation直接引用Repetition反复Contrast 对照MetaphorAllusionRhetorical question,Parallelism,排比句的利用可以说是此篇演讲的一大亮点。排比结构(parallelism)是演讲中最常使用的一种重要修辞手段,它以语法结构对称(包括相同或相似的词、短语或分词)来突出意义的常见修辞手法。因为排比句的使用可以使演讲具有感召力和鼓动性,增强语势,提高表达效果。例如:,*If there is anyon
21、e out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible;who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time;who still questions the power of our democracy,tonight is your answer. *It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generat
22、ions apathy;from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers;from the millions of Americans who volunteered,and organized,and proved that more than two centuries later,a government of the people,by the people and for the people has
23、 not perished from this Earth.,To my sister -To my chief strategist -To the best campaign team -It grew strength from the young people who -It drew strength from the not-so-young people who -Block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand .,To those who would tear this world down -
24、we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security - we support you. And to all those who have wondered if Americas beacon still burns as bright - tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the
25、enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.,So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financi
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