人教版高一英语必修三Unit 4全套ppt课件.ppt

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1、Lead-in,The background picture is the whole cosmoskzms/universe (宇宙).,What do you know about it?,Its the Galaxy(银河系).,Theyre planets(行星) and stars(恒星).,Its the black hole.,Its the solar system. Can you enumeratenju:mret(列举) the planets?,，,History of the Universe,Unit 4,Astronomy : the Science of the

2、 Stars,Science Subjects,Physics ChemistryBiologyGeology Mathematics,MedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomy,Warming up,Hawking and his theories,Can you name them in English?,Mercurym:kjri,Venusvins,Earth,Mars,Jupiterdu:pt(r),Saturnst:n,Uranusjrns,Neptuneneptju:n,Plutoplu:tu ,The Sun,The Solar System

3、,A Black Hole,The Moon,The Big Bang,Atom,The Globe Our Earth,Atmosphere (大气层),Reading,1. Fast Reading, and analyze its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.,Answer key for question 1:,Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Paragraph 2: The formati

4、on of water for life.Paragraph 3: The importance of water for life.Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth.Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.,3. Detailed Reading: Read the text loudly for a second time and then complete the fills in the followin

5、g pictures according to the evolution(进化，演变) order of life on the earth.,Answer key for question 3:,small plants in water shellfish and all sorts of fish green plants on land insects (on land) amphibians (on land and in water) forests reptiles (on land) dinosaurs (on land) mammals (on land),Explanat

6、ion,天文学 n. Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.,1. astronomy,相关短语radar astronomy 雷达天文学 radio astronomy 电波(无线电)天文学,2. star,(1)名词 (pl. stars)1）星,恒星;(日、月等)天体;星形物; 2）星号;(表示等级等的)星级;星形勋章, 如： While in Taipei she stayed at a four star hotel. 她在台北逗留期间住在

7、一家四星级旅馆。 3）命运;星象 4）(电影、体育等的)明星,杰出人物 His wish to become a football star has come true. 他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。,(2)动词（及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1）用星形物装饰 2）用星号标出 3）使成明星,由.主演 Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin. 昨天我们看了一部查理卓别林主演的电影。 3. 动词（不及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1）当明星,主演。如：She has st

8、arred in some thirty films. 她主演过大约30部影片。,star,2）表现出色 。如：He didnt star at that job. 那份工作他干得并不出色。 (4) 形容词 1）星的;星形的 2）明星的,主角的 3）出色的,优秀的。如：Tony is the star player on our team. 托尼是我队的主力。,star,3. globe,（1） 名词 (pl. globes)1) 球;球状物 2) 地球仪;地球。如：This plant can grow in many parts of the globe. 这种植物能在地球上的许多地方生长

9、。 3) 眼球 （2） 动词（不及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 成球状 （3） 动词（及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 使成球状,Then are you clear now about the evolution of life?,When the dust settled into a solid globe, the earth was so violent.,The Evolution of Life on the earth,i:vlu:n,plzk,meszk,si:nzuik,Shellfish,Amphibian,Rep

10、tile Dinosaur,Primitive(原始的) People,Language Points,1. What it was to become was uncertain(when the dust settled into a solid globe).,be to do的用法(1)be to do.用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。如：Am I to go on with the work？要我继续这项工作吗？What are we to do next？我们下一步该怎么办？ (2)表示按约定、计划，或即将发生的动作，这是将来时的一种用法。如：They are to pay

11、 a visit to the teacher together at 10 am. tomorrow.他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。,be,be,We are to meet at the station at four this afternoon. 我们今天下午4点在车站见面。 (3)表示必须或应该，在意义上等于must，should，ought to 或have to。如：You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。This medicine is to be taken

12、three times a day. 这种药一天要服三次。 (4)用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。如：His theory was to change the views on the universe.,Language Points,1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.,loud, aloud, lo

13、udly 这三个副词词义很接近，但含义有所不同。 aloud 的意思是“出声地、高声地”，强调能让人听得见。如： Read aloud so that we can all hear you. 读大点声，以便我们大家都能听见你。 They are shouting aloud. 他们在大声感叫。,loud 意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地”，强调声音响亮。常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh等连用。如： Dont talk so loud. 讲话声音不要这么大。 Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。loudly 的意思是“高声地”，有时可

14、与loud通用，但含有“喧闹”的意味。如： Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人在大声敲门。 Dont talk so loudly/loud. 说话声音不要这么大。 在现代英语中有时在并不喧闹的场合也用loudly. 如： Will you please read the text loudly? 你能不能大声读这篇课文？,explode1)（使某物）炸开，爆炸。如：The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.,2)（指感情）激发。如： I was frightened whe

15、n she exploded into loud laughter. 3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加。如：Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding population. explosion n. 爆炸（声） explosive adj. 爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n. 炸药，爆炸物in time (for sth./to do sth.): 最终；及时，如She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她会及时赶回来准备晚饭。,3. What many science believe is that

16、the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve gases and acids which are harmful to the plants into the oceans and seas.,allow v. 允许、许可、容许allow + n ./ pron. / doing allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth.,2.continuous 连续不断的（强调一个动作没有间断过）continual 反复的，频繁的（强调一个动作在某个时期反复出现）continued和co

17、ntinuing可以互换，都表示“连续不断的”“继续不变的”，但是它们只能用于名词前。总的来说，其差异正逐渐消失，特别是continual亦含有continuous相同的意义，尤指不愉快的事：Life was a continual struggle for them. 生活对他们来说是不断的挣扎。,Present1 presence n.出席，到场，存在形容词 a. 1.出席的,在场的How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人? 2.现在的,当前的Im not at all satisfied with the present s

18、ituation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。,名词 n. 1.现在,目前There is no time like the present. 机不可失,时不再来。 present2名词 n. 1.礼物,赠品CHe often gave his neighbors kids little presents. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。,Present3 presentation n.授予，颁发，呈现及物动词 vt. 1.赠送,呈献(+to/with)They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。 2.引起(问题),造成(困难)

19、(+to/with)All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。,3.提出,提交,呈递(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the conference. 会上提出了大约三百篇论文。 4.呈现;描述;出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted. 虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。,My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact he doesnt allow us

20、 to smoke anywhere at any time. 父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。Are we allowed to use the computer?我们可以用电脑么？be harmful to 对有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 伤害某人，对某人有害处 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm.,4. They produced young generally by laying eggs

21、.,Its generally believed that一般认为generally speaking 一般而言，概括来说 1) Its generally believed that girls work harder than boys do. 2) Generally speaking, women cry more easily than men. by doing用于说明做某事的手段、方式。如：I dont think she can help him by just giving him money. 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。,5. They are putting too

22、much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.,阻止某人做某事 :prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 1) We must prevent them from making trouble. 2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself. If noth

23、ing prevents, 如果没有什么阻碍的话 , ,6. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,depend on : 相信，信赖, 依靠,依赖, 视而定，取决于,Depend on it. 没问题，请放心（句末或句首） That /It (all) depends. 那得看情况而定. 1) Depend on it, youll succeed. 2) He may support me

24、, but it depends .,宾语从句可以分为三类(1).动词的宾语从句1.1 大多数位于动词后面Eg：I hope you can join us in the game.1.2 有些是“动词+副词”后Find out / point out / figure out / turn out/ figure outEg： Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem?1.3 有些动词短语后面Make sure / make up ones mind / keep in mindEg; we should keep

25、in mind that sports can be a great boost to our health.,(2) it 作形式宾语代替宾语从句第一类动词; find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make / believe/ guess/ suppose /assume等后面有宾语不足语时，需要用it 作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。Eg： I think it necessary that we do some sporting.第二类动词 带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。这类词：hate / like/ dislike/ appreciate/

26、depend on/ see to /Eg: I hate it when they talk without considering others feeling.,7. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.,cheer up 欢呼；喝彩；感到高兴；使高兴。如：The crowd cheered up when they saw the teams arrive.

27、 观众看到运动队进场时欢声雷动。He took her to the concert to cheer her up. 为使她高兴起来，他带她去听音乐会。,Astronomerstrnm(r)astronautstrn:t,watch do /doing 观看；注视。 如：We watched the sun setting behind the trees. Evening fell. 我们看着太阳一点点地落在树后，夜幕降临了。Every day as they watched the plant grow, their hearts were filled with hope. 他们每天都

28、在观察这棵植物生长，心里充满了希望。,Weigh1.表示“称的重量”,是及物动词,如：He weighed the fish.他称了这条鱼.Do you often weigh yourself?你经常称体重吗?2.表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词He weighs 60 kilos.他体重60公斤.The meat weighs five pounds.这肉重五磅.,2.比较 by weight / in weight：前者表示“按重量”,后者表示“重量上”.如：Do they charge carriage by weight?他们是按重量收取运费吗?Its smaller in size

29、 but greater in weight.它体积比较小,但分量比较重.3.对重量提问,特殊疑问词用How much?or How heavy?What is the weight of .How much it weighs?What=how much do you weigh?What is the weight of the baby?,倍数的表达方式共：四种1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”,由“倍数+ the size（length,amount）”结构组成.例如：The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.地球是月亮的49

30、倍大.2.表示“比大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级”结构组成.例如：This box is three times bigger than that one.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍.The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.,3.表示“是倍”,由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +”结构组成.例如：Our factory is twice as big as theirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍.I have three times as many as yo

31、u.我有你三倍那么多.注 一倍用once,两倍用 twice.4、还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍.,9. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.,此处的amazed是过去分词作状语。过去分词经常可以作状语，这是一种特定用法。如：He came in unnoticed. 他

32、神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。Many heroes lie buried in the churchyard.许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。 break out （战争，争吵，疾病等）爆发。如：A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight. 半夜，（他们）突然大吵起来。,8. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”,Now that : 既然，由于。如：Now that everybody is here, we can begi

33、n the meeting.,10. the Paleozoic era: 古生代，是地质时代的第三个代（第一、第二代分别是太古代和元古代）。约5.44亿年前至2.48亿年前. the Mesozoic era: 中生代，包括：三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪。 the Cenozoic era: 新生代，约开始于6500万年前，现仍在持续。,11. Big Bang: 宇宙大爆炸理论,Learning about Language,1. Words,astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxyg

34、en, surface, planet, harmful, development, spread, method, depend, exist, presence, telescope, disappoint, disappointed, publish, publishing, gravity, force, gradually, cheer, float, mass,Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the tw

35、o.,presence,violence,confidence,difference,patience,uncertain,unfair,unpaid,unlike,unkind,-(en)ce,un-,cultural,global,universal,agricultral,mathematical,artist,phsicist,chemist,biologist,scientist,-al,-ist,2. Expressions,solar system, in time, now that, prevent.from, depend on, cheer up, get the han

36、g of, break out, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, carbon dioxide, watch out, block out,Complete each of the sentences with a suitable word or phrase in the correct form.,surface, explode, develop, prevent, float, spread, violent, astronomy, force, publish, disappoint, solid 1. The _ of gravity

37、 makes things fall to the earth.2. The robbers kicked the door _ and broke into the stars house.3. Nothing can separate the two, because they have a _ friendship foundation.4. In World War II, two atomic bombs _ in Japan, killing a large number of people.5. With the _ of our countrys economy, people

38、s living standard has been greatly raised.,force,violently,solid,exploded,development,6. More than 70% of the earths _ is covered by water.7. In the last few years the city has _ out rapidly in all directions.8. That he failed the examination _ his lover very much.9. They _ the canoe out into the mi

39、ddle of the river.10. Mark Twain _ a lot of popular novels in that _ firm.,spread,disappointed,floated,surface,published,publishing,1.他以前是靠画画为生的。 He used to _his living _.2.爆竹在他手里爆炸了，他伤得很严重。The firework _ and he hurt seriously.3.乡村生活与都市生活是非常不同的。Country life is_ city life.4.玛丽之所以没有通过这次考试，是因为她此前病了两个星期

40、。 Mary _ in the exam, _she had been ill for two weeks.,Complete the following sentences.,5. 第二次世界大战是年爆发的。 World War II _in 1939.6.我担心是否伤害了她。 I worry _ I hurt her feelings.7.为使她高兴起来，她丈夫带她去听音乐会。Her husband took her to the concert _.8.他们乘坐宇宙飞船穿越太空到月球上去。 They _ to the moon in a spaceship.9.天上有朵朵白云。 Ther

41、e were _ white clouds in the sky.,1. He used to make/earn his living by painting.2. The firework exploded in his hand and he hurt seriously.3. Country life is quite different from city life.4. Mary failed in the exam. This was because she had been ill for two weeks.5. World War II broke out in 1939.

42、6. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.7. Her husband took her to the concert to cheer her up.8. They traveled through space to the moon in a spaceship.9. There were masses of white clouds in the sky.,Answer Key:,3. GrammarNoun Clauses as the subject,做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句(Noun Clauses a

43、s the subject) ，引导主语从句的有从属连词that、whether，连接代词who、what、which，连接副词when、where、how、why等。1. 连接词：1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy

44、to say.It doesnt matter too much whether shes coming or not.2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet

45、.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.,2. 位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。 1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）It is a pity that we cant go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is certain th

46、at she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.,2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It happens that they were a

47、bsent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 3） It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意: 主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把,主语从句

48、放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。误：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正：It is natural that they should like each other. 4)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：Whether Mary really heard him is really

49、doubtful正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,1._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. A. That B. Why

50、C. How D. Who,语法专项练习,Choose the best option.,4._well finish translating the book depends on the time. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 5._he wont go there is clear to all of us. A. How B. What C. Why D. This 6._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. If B. Where C. That D. W