六种基本句型主谓宾主系表等ppt课件.ppt

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1、六种基本句型： . 主语 + 不及物动词 (主+谓) . 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (主+谓+宾) . 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾 + 直宾 （主+谓+双宾） . 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 （主+ 谓 + 宾 + 宾补）,基本句型一：主语+不及物动词,本身能表达一个完整意思的动词, 叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如：The machine works smoothly. 机器运转顺畅。(副词),They stopped to take a short rest 他们停下来休息。(不定式)He is standing by the wi

2、ndow. 他站在窗户边。,即时练习：请用“主语+不及物动词”的句型翻译下列句子。1. 太阳在照耀着。The sun was shining. 2. 我们勤奋学习。2. We study hard. 3. 他们谈了半个小时。3. They talked for half an hour.,4. 这支笔书写流利。4. The pen writes smoothly. 5. 他们等了几个小时就是为了看见他们最喜爱的明星。5. They waited several hours to see their favourite stars.,6. 他每年在外旅游好几个月。6. He travels fo

3、r several months every year. 7. 1919年, 北京爆发了“五四”运动。7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. 五年前我住在北京。8. I lived in Beijing five years ago.,9. 他昨晚很晚回家。9. He returned home late last night. 10. 在过去的十年里, 我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 10. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten

4、 years.,基本句型二: 主语+及物动词+宾语,及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式等。如：Mary enjoys music. 玛丽喜欢音乐。(名词)He loves her. 他爱她。(代词)I want to get your help. 我想得到您的帮助。(不定式短语),I dont know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。(疑问词不定式)The old man enjoys living in the countryside. 那老人喜欢住在乡村。(动名词短语)I dont think hes righ

5、t.我认为他不对。(宾语从句),1. 常要求接不定式作宾语的动词有attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。,归纳：,2. 常要求接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, w

6、onder等。,3. 常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit, advise, avoid, ban, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, look forward to等。4. 接不定式与接动名词意义差别很大的动词有forget, remember, regret, try, mean, stop, go on等。,基本句型三：主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾,该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的

7、意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面, 直接宾语在后面。如：Tom left Mary a message. 汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。This will save you much time. 这将为您节约大量的时间。,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of。1. 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾)。如： He offered a job to her. 他向她提供了一份工作。 I owe my success to you. 我的成功要归功于您。,间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give, tell, l

8、end, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等。,2. 主+及物动词+ 物(直宾)+for+人(间宾)。如：He ordered some food for the two of them. 他为他们俩点了一些食物。Mother made a nice dress for the little girl. 妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。,间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy， choose, get, make, order, sing, do, play, save等。3. 主+及物

9、动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾)。如： They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。,直接宾语前加介词 of 的动词有：cure, convince (使信服), deprive (剥夺)inform, rob, rid (摆脱, 赶走, 清除), warn(警告), remind(提醒), accuse(指责、控告), suspect(怀疑)。,这种结构 sb. of sth. 当做固定结构来记，即rob / warn / inform / accuse / cu

10、re sb. of sth.等,即时练习：请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。 1. 我想为他挑选一份不错的礼物。 1. I want to choose a suitable gift for him. 2. 太阳给了我们光和热。(warmth 温暖的） 2. The sun gives us light and warmth.,3. Mr Smith教我们数学。3. Mr Smith teaches us math. 4. 那个老人给我们指路。 4. The old man showed us the way.,5. 请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。5. Plea

11、se return all the books to the library by this weekend. 6. 为了你, 我愿意做一切事情。6. Ill do everything for you.,7. 请借我些钱7. Please lend me some money.8. Mary写了封信给Tom。8. Mary wrote Tom a letter.,9. 医生治好了他的病。（cure治愈disease疾病）9. The doctor has cured him of his disease. 10. Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。（convince使相信、honesty诚实）

12、10. Tom convinced Mary of his honesty.,基本句型四：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补,本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、副词(仅限少数几个)、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：,We elected Li Yang our monitor. 我们选李阳做我们的班长。(Li yang is our monitor)The news made us sad. 这新闻使我伤心。(We

13、were sad),常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate (提名), crown, think, consider, leave等。,根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况：1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。,归纳：,2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如： The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。,常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get (ready),

14、cut (short), set (free), keep, drive (mad), find, want, hold (responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat (black and blue), boil (hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。,归纳：,3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如： I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如： He encouraged her to wor

15、k harder. 他鼓励他努力工作。,要求用to do作宾补的动词有: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。,He always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。,归纳：,要求用do作宾补的动词有: 使役动词let, make, have等; 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look

16、 at, notice, see, watch等。,归纳：,若变为被动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如： The boss made him work overtime. (主动语态)He was made to work overtime. (被动语态)老板叫他加班。,5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如：Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 洗手之后不要听任水白流。 I heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。,现在分词为宾语补

17、足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。,【注意】,6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。, She thinks it no point pract

18、icing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。 He believed it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。, 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，将真正的宾语放到后面。 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, good, sense， point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider， believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。,即时练习：请用“主

19、语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。1. 那噪音快要使我发疯了。1. The noise is driving me crazy. 2. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。2. We must make our school more beautiful.,3. 他请我们参加做游戏。3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. 我要你把真相告诉我。 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.,6. 每天早晨我们都听到他

20、大声朗读英语。6. We hear him reading English aloud every morning. 7. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 7. They felt the car moving fast.,8. 我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition) We must keep our health in good condition. 9. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We wont have her go out at night. 10. 他每个月理一次发。 He has his hair cut once a month.,11. 我从来没看见这个字这样

21、用过。11. Ive never seen the word used in this way. 12. 他感到很难跟你交谈。12. He feels it hard to talk with you. 13. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。13. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.,14. 学校定了一条规则, 开始上课时学生要起立。(make)14. The schools made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class. 15. 我认

22、为与那个人谈话是无益的。15. I believe it no use talking with that man.,基本句型归纳与综合运用,句型归纳,综合运用一、句型识别：判断下列简单句的类型：A. 主+系+表B. 主+谓C. 主+谓+宾D. 主+谓+双宾 E. 主+谓+宾+宾补,( ) 1. Work starts at ten. ( ) 2. Their English books are here.,A,B,( ) 3. Mr. Smith teaches my brother English. ( ) 4. We use electricity very often. ( ) 5.

23、The trains are on the way.,A,D,C,( ) 6. He showed all the engineers the difference between the two engines. ( ) 7. We consider Mr. Smith an English teacher. ( ) 8. In the afternoon we review our lessons.,C,D,E,( ) 9. In our everyday life we see things moving about on the ground or in the air. ( ) 10

24、. People allow all kinds of waste products to flow into the sea.,E,E,二、综合运用：用简单句翻译下列各句, 然后通过适当添加细节和关联词将其合并成5句话的连贯的短文, 这5句话依然是简单句。1. 这是我的妈妈。This is my mother. (主+系+表)2. 她是一个普通的家庭妇女。She is an ordinary housewife. (主+系+表),3. 刚才她坐在那儿。3. My mother was sitting there. (主+谓)4. 她在看电视。4. She was watching TV. (

25、主+谓+宾)5. 我感到意外。5. I felt surprised. (主+系+表),6. 她在哭泣。6. She was weeping. (主+谓)7. 什么事才可使她高兴? 7. What could make her happy. (主+谓+宾+宾补),8. 我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。8. I told her a very funny story. (主+谓+双宾)9. 她情不自禁地笑了起来。 9. She couldnt help laughing. (主+谓+宾),二、篇章运用： 请你用主系表、主谓宾、there be句型写一篇文章。 题目我的一天（My day） 字数：不限,