病理学导论医学知识讲座培训课件.ppt
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1、病理学导论医学知识讲座,病理学导论医学知识讲座,病 理 学 导 论,病理学的定义 病理学发展简史病理学的分支学科病理学的研究方法,病理学导论医学知识讲座,2,病 理 学 导 论病理学的定义 病理学导论医学知识讲座2,Definition of Pathology,The word “Pathology” is derived from two Greek word -pathos meaning sufferinglogos meaning study,病理学导论医学知识讲座,3,Definition of PathologyThe wor,Definition of Pathology,Pa
2、thology is scientific study of structure and function of the body in disease.It deals with causes, effects, mechanisms and nature of disease.,病理学导论医学知识讲座,4,Definition of PathologyPatholo,The knowledge and understanding of pathology is essential for all would-be doctors as well as general practitione
3、rs and specialists since unless they know the causes and mechanisms of disease and understand the language spoken by the pathologist in the form of laboratory reports, they would not be able to institute appropriate treatment or suggest preventive measures to the patient.,病理学导论医学知识讲座,5,The knowledge
4、 and understandin,For the medical student, the discipline of pathology forms a vital bridge between initial learning phase of preclinical science and the final phase of clinical subjects.,病理学导论医学知识讲座,6,For the medical student, the d,病理学发展简史,从宗教迷信走向理性探索(Antiquity to AD 1500)大体病理学时期 (AD 1500 to 1800)细
5、胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s)现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21st century),病理学导论医学知识讲座,7,病理学发展简史从宗教迷信走向理性探索(Antiquity t,从宗教迷信走向理性探索 (Antiquity to AD 1500),Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377 BCPermanently dissociated medicine from religious mysticism. Started study of patients symptoms as method of diagnosis.Stresse
6、d moralistic attitude for practice of medicine (Hippocratic oath)Cornelius Celsus (Rome) 53 BC-7 ADDescribed 4 cardinal signs of inflammation (redness, heat, swelling, pain),病理学导论医学知识讲座,8,从宗教迷信走向理性探索 (Antiquity to AD,Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377 BC,病理学导论医学知识讲座,9,Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377,大体病理学时期
7、(AD 1500 to 1800),Giovanni B Morgagni (Italy) 1682-1771Introduced clinicopathologic correlation (CPC) in the study of disease (cause, lesions, symptoms, outcome) John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1793Introduced pathology museum in the study of disease.R.T.H. Laennec (France) 1781-1826Described several lun
8、g diseases such as various tuberculous lesions of lungs, bronchiectasis. Described cirrhosis of liver (later called Laennecs cirrhosis).Invented stethoscope.,病理学导论医学知识讲座,10,大体病理学时期 (AD 1500 to 1800)Giova,John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1793,病理学导论医学知识讲座,11,John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1,R.T.H. Laennec (Fr
9、ance) 1781-1826,病理学导论医学知识讲座,12,R.T.H. Laennec (France) 1781-1,细胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s),Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821-1905Father of cellular pathologyIntroduced histopathology as a diagnostic branch by his cellular theoryGeorge N. Papanicolaou (USA) 1883-1962Father of exfoliative cytology Developed
10、 Pap smear for detection of cervical cancer in 1930s,病理学导论医学知识讲座,13,细胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s)Rudo,Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821-1905,病理学导论医学知识讲座,14,Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821,George N. Papanicolaou (USA) 1883-1962,病理学导论医学知识讲座,15,George N. Papanicolaou (USA) 1,现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21st centu
11、ry),Watson and Crick 1953Described the structure of DNANowell and Hagerford 1960Philadelphia chromosome in CML i.e. t(9;22)Gall and Pardue 1969In Situ HybridizationKary Mullis 1983Introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR),病理学导论医学知识讲座,16,现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21s,著名病理学家 梁伯强教授 1899-1968,病理学导论医学知识
12、讲座,17,著名病理学家 梁伯强教授 1899-1968 病理学导论,著名病理学家 秦光煜教授 1902-1969,病理学导论医学知识讲座,18,著名病理学家 秦光煜教授 1902-1969 病理学导论,病理学的分支学科,General Pathology - dealing with general principles of diseaseSystemic Pathology - includes study of diseases pertaining to the specific organs and body systems,病理学导论医学知识讲座,19,病理学的分支学科Gener
13、al Pathology -,General Pathology (总论),细胞、组织的适应与损伤损伤的修复局部血液循环障碍炎症肿瘤免疫性疾病,病理学导论医学知识讲座,20,General Pathology (总论)细胞、组织的适应,Systemic Pathology (各论),心血管系统疾病呼吸系统疾病消化系统疾病淋巴造血系统疾病泌尿系统疾病生殖系统疾病内分泌系统疾病神经系统疾病,病理学导论医学知识讲座,21,Systemic Pathology (各论)心血管系统疾病,病理学的分支学科,Histo-PathologyExperimental PathologyMolecular Pat
14、hology Chemical PathologyGeographic Pathology ImmunologyHaematologyMedical Genetics,病理学导论医学知识讲座,22,病理学的分支学科Histo-Pathology病理学导论医学,实验病理学Experimental Pathology 19世纪法国生理学家Claude Bernard首创了实验病理学,在动物身上研究疾病的动态变化以及病因和发病机理,揭示疾病发生发展的规律。,病理学导论医学知识讲座,23,实验病理学Experimental Pathology,病理学导论医学知识讲座,24,病理学导论医学知识讲座24,
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