病理学导论医学知识讲座优质课件.ppt
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1、病理学导论医学知识讲座,病理学导论医学知识讲座,病 理 学 导 论,病理学的定义 病理学发展简史病理学的分支学科病理学的研究方法,病 理 学 导 论病理学的定义,Definition of Pathology,The word “Pathology” is derived from two Greek word -pathos meaning sufferinglogos meaning study,Definition of PathologyThe wor,Definition of Pathology,Pathology is scientific study of structure
2、and function of the body in disease.It deals with causes, effects, mechanisms and nature of disease.,Definition of PathologyPatholo,The knowledge and understanding of pathology is essential for all would-be doctors as well as general practitioners and specialists since unless they know the causes an
3、d mechanisms of disease and understand the language spoken by the pathologist in the form of laboratory reports, they would not be able to institute appropriate treatment or suggest preventive measures to the patient.,The knowledge and understandin,For the medical student, the discipline of patholog
4、y forms a vital bridge between initial learning phase of preclinical science and the final phase of clinical subjects.,For the medical student, the d,病理学发展简史,从宗教迷信走向理性探索(Antiquity to AD 1500)大体病理学时期 (AD 1500 to 1800)细胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s)现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21st century),病理学发展简史从宗教迷信走向理性探索
5、(Antiquity t,从宗教迷信走向理性探索 (Antiquity to AD 1500),Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377 BCPermanently dissociated medicine from religious mysticism. Started study of patients symptoms as method of diagnosis.Stressed moralistic attitude for practice of medicine (Hippocratic oath)Cornelius Celsus (Rome) 53 BC-7
6、ADDescribed 4 cardinal signs of inflammation (redness, heat, swelling, pain),从宗教迷信走向理性探索 (Antiquity to AD,Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377 BC,Hippocrates (Greece) 460-377,大体病理学时期 (AD 1500 to 1800),Giovanni B Morgagni (Italy) 1682-1771Introduced clinicopathologic correlation (CPC) in the study of disease
7、 (cause, lesions, symptoms, outcome) John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1793Introduced pathology museum in the study of disease.R.T.H. Laennec (France) 1781-1826Described several lung diseases such as various tuberculous lesions of lungs, bronchiectasis. Described cirrhosis of liver (later called Laennecs
8、cirrhosis).Invented stethoscope.,大体病理学时期 (AD 1500 to 1800)Giova,John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1793,John Hunter (Scotland) 1728-1,R.T.H. Laennec (France) 1781-1826,R.T.H. Laennec (France) 1781-1,细胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s),Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821-1905Father of cellular pathologyIntroduced histopat
9、hology as a diagnostic branch by his cellular theoryGeorge N. Papanicolaou (USA) 1883-1962Father of exfoliative cytology Developed Pap smear for detection of cervical cancer in 1930s,细胞病理学时期 (AD 1800 to 1950s)Rudo,Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821-1905,Rudolf Virchow (Germany) 1821,George N. Papanicolao
10、u (USA) 1883-1962,George N. Papanicolaou (USA) 1,现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21st century),Watson and Crick 1953Described the structure of DNANowell and Hagerford 1960Philadelphia chromosome in CML i.e. t(9;22)Gall and Pardue 1969In Situ HybridizationKary Mullis 1983Introduced polymerase chain reactio
11、n (PCR),现代病理学时期 (1950s to dawn of 21s,著名病理学家 梁伯强教授 1899-1968,著名病理学家 梁伯强教授 1899-1968,著名病理学家 秦光煜教授 1902-1969,著名病理学家 秦光煜教授 1902-1969,病理学的分支学科,General Pathology - dealing with general principles of diseaseSystemic Pathology - includes study of diseases pertaining to the specific organs and body systems,
12、病理学的分支学科General Pathology -,General Pathology (总论),细胞、组织的适应与损伤损伤的修复局部血液循环障碍炎症肿瘤免疫性疾病,General Pathology (总论)细胞、组织的适应,Systemic Pathology (各论),心血管系统疾病呼吸系统疾病消化系统疾病淋巴造血系统疾病泌尿系统疾病生殖系统疾病内分泌系统疾病神经系统疾病,Systemic Pathology (各论)心血管系统疾病,病理学的分支学科,Histo-PathologyExperimental PathologyMolecular Pathology Chemical P
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