八年级动词不定式ppt课件.ppt

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1、动词不定式,肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原,He likes to read novels. I saw him come. We decided not to buy that house.4) It is interesting to fly a kite. 5) Please let him not go there.,动词不定式的结构,作主语,To hear your voice is so nice.To study hard is very important.,It is so nice to hear yo

2、ur voice.,It is very important to study hard.,不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。,注意:,1、It is +adj. for/ of sb. to do sth.,It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.）of: adj. 多为 描述主语的品质特征 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）,作主语,It is easy _

3、her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,of,for,2、It takes sb. some time to do sth.,It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day.,作主语,我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。,I spend three hours finishing the homework every day.,3、It is + n. (for sb) to do sth.,It is my pleasure to hel

4、p you with your English.,作主语,4、用在谚语中,To see is to believe.,To say is easy, but to do is hard.,作主语,1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait. (of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for)3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table. (buy)4、It is my pleasure _ the box for you. (carry),to buy,for,of,

5、to carry,练习,5、轮到我们打扫教室了。 It is our turn_6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文）,to clean the classroom.,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,练习,1、动词+ to do sth.常用动词有：want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / learn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ pro

6、mise等,1、I hope to finish it tomorrow . 2、She plans to go and teach in the country.,作宾语,2、动词疑问词+to do,I dont know_ next. She cant decide_.,作宾语,2、她不能决定买哪本书。,1、我不知道接下来该做什么。,what to do,which book to buy,=She cant decide which book she should buy.,1、Dont forget _.(关灯)2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）

7、3、I dont want_. (依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护),to turn off the light,to go out,to depend on others,how to drive a car,练习,to protect,1、动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.,1、The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.,作宾补-对宾语进

8、行补充说明,常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want 等,动词多为感官动词、使动词。一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三使：make, let, have四看：see, notice, watch, look at,Johns mother makes him play the piano every day.,被动：,John _ play the piano every day.,is made to,2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式,1、Let him _ the work at once. (finish / to finish)2、Do you lik

9、e listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter )4、Please tell her _here on time . (come / to come),finish,talk,to enter,to come,练习,5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成

10、被动句）,(to ) solve,I wish you to stay with us.,We were made to laugh by her story.,1、主语 + be + to do sth 主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等 名词,1、My ambition is to be a singer. 2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.,作表语,我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。,2、谚语中,1、To kn

11、ow everything is to know nothing.2、To see is to believe.,放在被修饰词的后面,I have a lot of work to do. I want to find something to drink.,作定语,不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。,Im looking for a hotel _.A. stay B. stay at C. to stay D. to stay at,D,位置：,He hasnt got a house to live_.,I have no pens to write _.,in,with,1、原因

12、状语: 主语 + be + adj.(表情感) + to do sth. (happy/ glad angry / sorry / sad /afraid 等),Im sorry to hear that.,作状语,Im glad to see you.,2、目的状语,The soldier ran into the room to save the girl .,_ _ the soldier run into the room?,Why did,Many parents send their children abroad _.(深造学习),to further their studies

13、,3、结果状语 too + adj./adv. +to do sth.adj./adv. enough to do sth.,You are too young to do this job.,He ran fast enough to catch the bus.,动词不定式可以充当的句子成分,1、作主语,2、作宾语,3、作宾语补足语,4、作表语,5、作定语,6、作状语,7、与特殊疑问词连用,8、特殊用法和固定表达,All I did was to give him some advice . His dream is to travel all over the world. Lucy n

14、eeds a friend to play with . He was the last guest to arrive . Its interesting to read a science fiction .,下列不定式作何种成分？,（表语）,（表语）,（定语）,（定语）,（主语）,He was glad to see you. My father offered to buy a computer for me. He interviewed detective Ken to get some information . The doctor asked him to have more

15、 fruit and vegetables.,（状语）,（宾语）,（状语）,（宾语补足语）,下列不定式作何种成分？,1、习惯于be used to _ 被用于be used to _Water is used to _ (put) out fires.I am used to _ (take) a walk after supper.2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢 比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。I prefer _ to _.3、look forward to 期待，盼望Im looking forward to _ (visit) Beijing again.,介词 to 与不定式 to

16、的区别,put,taking,running swimming,visiting,do,doing,动词不定式,1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作宾语补足语,4. 作定语,5. 作状语,6. 作表语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,三. 用法/ 功能,To see is to believe.Its important to learn .,(1). 主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.,is,is,(2). 表语,I want to go

17、home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.,(3) 宾语,think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.

18、,(4). 宾补,二看,watch,see,look at,三使,let,make,have,一听,listen to,hear,四注意:,feel,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,notice,五感觉:,2. 用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do ),She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write. want sb. to do wish sb. to do get sb.

19、to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. to do,I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.,(5). 定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之

20、间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。,3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没

21、地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）,I came here to see you

22、.He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语,in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表

23、语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?,固定句型:,had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做,