最全小升初英语语法总结讲解与练习课件.ppt

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1、小 学 英 语 语 法,小 学 英 语 语 法,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词,八、there be结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 现在进行时4. 一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）八、there be结构,一、名词,名词（表示人和事物名称的词）,专有名词,普通名词,特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g. Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking Universi

2、ty星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。,个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness,个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。,一、名词名词（表示人和事物名称的词）专有名词普通名词特定的人,英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数

3、形式。名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。,名词的数：,英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式：名,名词复数形式的构成,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成： man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： sheep, deer, fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en: child-children, ox-oxen,名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1. 清辅,Practise

4、,peach_ 2. zoo _3. glass _4. fox _5. lady _6. policewoman _7. house _8. photo _9. monkey _10. wife _11. rose _12. path _13. judge _14. map _,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,Practisepeach_,二、人称代词和物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you yo

5、u your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs,二、人称代词和物主代词,Practise,_(他) is my brother.2. I had a letter from _ (她).3. Its all right; its only _(我).4. Today _(我们) went in _(我们的) car; tomorrow _(我们) are going in _(他们的).5. _(我) lend _(我的) books gladly

6、to _ (我的) friends and to _(你的).6. Can you help _(我) with _(我的) English.7. When _(你) go to see _(你的) father, please take these books to _(他).8. _(他们) found _(它) difficult to learn German.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,Practise_(他) is my broth,所有格,所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加

7、schild-childs以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess,下列情况一般用 “of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时): the book of the film2. 东西的一部分: the bottom of the box3. 抽象的概念: the price of success4. 当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时： Cant you look at the book of

8、the boy behind you?,双重,s结构也可以用于 “of”结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers , 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.,所有格所有格的形式下列情况一般用 “of”结构：双重 ,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名

9、词之前,单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数,不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。 I have a sister and two brothers.2. 在某些度量表示法中： We have PE lessons three times a week.3. 用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。 George wants to be an engineer.4. 在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。 What a pretty girl!5. 一些常用短

10、语中。 have a good time, half an hour, have a headache.,不定冠词的用法：,定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。 There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.3. 用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。 the letter from America, the fourteenth of April4. 用在泛指的乐器名词前。 He pla

11、ys the piano.5. 一些常用短语。 by the way, in the morning, Whats the matter?,定冠词的用法：,零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some people.2. 泛指的物质名词前。Water is very useful.3. 泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4. 泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5. 大多数的专有名词前。He comes from France.6. 语言的名词前。She can

12、 speak French.7. 在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8. 当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9. 在体育项目的名词前。play basketball10. 一些常用短语。 at home, go to school, at night,零冠词的用法：,1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it

13、is sweet.3. Wangs mother is _English teacher. She teaches in _ primary school.4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5. China has _ population of 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people.6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman.7. None of _books should b

14、e taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8. _Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle School. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.11. _ Monday before _ Sprin

15、g Festival was very cold.12. Have you had _dinner?,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,The,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,The,/,/,1. There is _notebook on m,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can, must等。,四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态,Be动词,am, is,are,was, were

16、,been,Be动词am, is,arewas, werebeen,Practise,1. He _ very good at English. 2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month. 3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday? 4. Mr. King _ in London two weeks ago. 5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What _ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A little gi

17、rl _ flying a kite. 8. Who _ not at school last Monday? 9. Have you ever _ to Japan?10. I _ not a nurse. I work as a doctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,Practise1. He _ very go,动词的基本形式,动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词s,第三人称单数现在式,动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。,第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks,动词的过

18、去式,动词的过去式 构成在动词后加ed在以e结尾的动词,现在分词,现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing, ask,has,had,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have give,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。,小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：wor

19、k/works2. 现在进行时：am/is/are working3. 一般过去时：worked4. 一般将来时：am/is/are going to work,五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示,一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与时间副词连用：always, often, usually, every, on Sundays, twice a week等。 如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实

20、。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时,一般现在时,基本结构,一般现在时基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.I d,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.

21、4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _,三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do m

22、y homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Isyour brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on

23、Sundays. _,三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches T,现在进行时,通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now, these days, look, listen等。,基本结构,现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所,动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：make-making, taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母， 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing

24、如：run-running, stop-stopping,动词加ing的变化规则,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_write_ shop _have _sing_dance _put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _get _stop_ sit _ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother _( cook )s

25、ome nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_,三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_,三、句型转换：1. They are doing hous,一般过去时,通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动

26、作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, last, ago, just now, in 1998等。,基本结构,一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或基本结构肯定句否,动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work- -worked , 2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied,动词过去式变化规则：,5不规则动词过去式： am、is-was, are-were, do-di

27、d see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat,5不规则动词过去式：,一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.

28、3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read)6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (b,一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next, Be g

29、oing to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。,基本结构,一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。基本结构肯定句否定句一般,练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.（同义句3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ you

30、r mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?,练习：填空。,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to s

31、chool by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sun,Peter _ (play) basketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he _ (say) just now?3

32、. Look! The lazy cat _ (sleep) in the sofa.4. There _(be) a book and two pens on the desk.5. _you _(see ) a film tomorrow morning? 6. She _(not play) the guitar at the moment.7. What _his father usually _(do) in the evening ?8. They _ ( have ) a meeting next week, arent they? 9. Both he and I _ (be)

33、 teachers. 10. I _ (not feel ) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and _ (go) out.12. Lei Feng often _ (help) others and he was helpful. Next Sunday, we _ (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother _ (wait) for you at the school gate.,summary,plays,said,is sleeping,is,Are,going to see,isnt p

34、laying,does,do,are going to have,are,didnt feel,went,helps,are going to clean,is waiting,Peter _ (play) basketba,六、介词,介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。,方位介词,in, on, at, under, to, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between,时间介词,in, o

35、n, at, after, before, fromto, past, between,其它,of, by, with, into, out of, for,六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能,Practise,1. Look _ the picture. Its picture_ my school. 2. There is a school building _ my school. It has five floors._ the school building, there is a big playground. _school, the children

36、always play ball games there. 3. My classroom is_ the fifth floor. Its big and clean. 4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes _ school early every morning. She comes _bicycle. Then she does morning exercises _us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card _ her. We love her v

37、ery much. 5. There are some apples _ the tree. 6. Wheres your study? Its next _ my bedroom.7. The car _ the tree is Jacks. 8. The ball is_ the door, so you cant see it.9. _ _ _the house, there are many trees. 10. Listen! Someone is knocking _the door.11. There is something wrong _ my computer.,at,of

38、,in,Near,After,on,to,by,with,for,on,to,under,behind,In front of,at,with,Practise1. Look _ the pict,七、数词,表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词,112的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319的基数词： thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090的基数词： twe

39、nty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2129的基数： twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.,-teen,-ty,十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词112的基数词：-teen-,2. 百位数：one hundred,

40、two hundred, three hundred, four hundredfive hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3. 千位数：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five,百位数和十位数之间加and。,注意,英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。,ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen

41、 thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two,2. 百位数：百位数和十位数之间加and。 注意 英语中没有,英语序数词第1-19除了first, second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。 注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth的拼法。2. 十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如： twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的

42、个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如： twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4. 百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand, million等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如： one hundredth, one thousandth 注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。 one hundred and twenty-first,英语序数词第1-19除了first, second与thir,Practise,1. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five

43、B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of3.There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of4._ trees have been

44、planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one6. We are going to learn_ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the

45、 book six D. Book Six 7. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five,C,D,A,

46、A,B,D,C,Practise1. There are _ days,8. The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9. He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth 10.

47、 Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten 11. We all like the_ boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten 12. There are_ months in a year. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B.

48、 twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 13. During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty14. Jenny was born_.A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10,B,B,A,B,B,B,A,8. Th

49、e year 1999 should be r,八、形容词和副词,形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。,副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。,He is a good student.2. The film is very interesting.3. There is something wrong with the bike.4. Lucy is older than Helen.,The problem is very difficult.2. He wrote the letters carefully.,方式副词：carefully, quickly, sudde

50、nly 2. 地点副词：here, there, up, down3. 时间副词：yesterday, today, now4. 程度副词：very, quite, much, just,八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er,比较级的用法,1. 用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more inf