急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展培训课件.ppt
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1、急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,急性冠状动脉综合征的定义和分类,定义:急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndomes , ACS) 是从不稳定性心绞痛到Q波心肌梗死的一组临床综合征 ,通常(但并非总是)由于CAD所致,在病理生理上有很多相似之处。急性冠状动脉综合征的分类 : ST段不抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征 非Q波心肌梗死NSTEMI(CK-MB大于正常上限的2倍) 不稳定性心绞痛UAP(CK-MB小于正常上限的2倍) ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征 急性Q波心肌梗死STEMI,5/98,2,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,
2、急性冠状动脉综合征的定义和分类 定义:急性冠状动脉综合征(,国际现状,每年: 4 million patients are admitted with unstable angina and acute MI 900,000 patients undergo PTCA with or without stent,5/98,3,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,国际现状每年:5/983急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,Ischemic Heart Diseaseevaluation,Based on the patientshistory / physical examelectroca
3、rdiogramPatients are categorized into 3 groupsnon-cardiac chest painunstable anginamyocardial infarction,5/98,4,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,Ischemic Heart Diseaseevaluat,急性冠脉综合征(ACS),ACS,非 ST-segment抬高,ST-segment抬高,不稳定 非-Q波Q-Wave心绞痛 AMI AMI,ECG,AcuteReperfusion,HistoryPhysical Exam,5/98,5,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,
4、急性冠脉综合征(ACS)ACS非 ST-segment抬,Acute Coronary Syndrome,The spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from:unstable anginanon-Q wave MIQ-wave MIcharacterized by the common pathophysiology of a disrupted atheroslerotic plaque,5/98,6,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,Acute Coronary SyndromeThe spe,5/98,7,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗
5、进展,5/987急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,STEMI和UA/NSTEMI病理,5/98,8,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,STEMI和UA/NSTEMI病理5/988急性冠脉综合征(,不稳定心绞痛 定义,angina at rest ( 20 minutes)new-onset ( 2 months) exertional angina (at least CCSC III in severity)recent ( 2 months) acceleration of angina (increase in severity of at least one CCSC clas
6、s to at least CCSC class III),Agency for Health Care Policy Research - 1994,Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification,5/98,9,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,不稳定心绞痛 定义angina at rest ( 2,Non-Q-Wave MIclues to diagnosis,Prolonged chest painAssociated symptoms from the autonomic nervous systemnausea, vomiting,
7、diaphoresisPersistent ST-segment depression after resolution of chest pain,5/98,10,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,Non-Q-Wave MIclues to diagnos,5/98,11,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,5/9811急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS诱发因素,Inappropriate tachycardiaanemia, fever, hypoxia, tachyarrhythmias, thyrotoxicosisHigh afterloadaortic va
8、lve stenosis, LVHHigh preloadhigh cardiac output, chamber dilatationInotropic statesympathomimetic drugs, cocaine intoxication,5/98,12,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS诱发因素Inappropriate tach,NSTEACS预后预测因素,Presence of ST-T-wave changes with painHemodynamic deteriorationpulmonary edema, new mitral regurgitat
9、ion,3rd heart sound, hypotensionOther predictorsleft ventricular dysfunction, extensive CAD, age, comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, malignancy),5/98,13,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS预后预测因素 Presence of ST,非ST段抬高ACS(NSTEACS),Plaque disruption斑块破裂Acute th
10、rombosis急性血栓Vasoconstriction血管收缩,5/98,14,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,非ST段抬高ACS(NSTEACS)5/9814急性冠脉综合,NSTEACSpathogenesis,斑块破裂Passive plaque disruptionsoft plaque with high concentration of cholesteryl esters and a thin fibrous capActive plaque disruptionmacrophage-rich area with enzymes that may degrade and w
11、eaken the fibrous cap; predisposing it to rupture,5/98,15,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACSpathogenesis斑块破裂5/9815,NSTEACS pathogenesis,急性血栓Vulnerable plaquedisrupted plaque with ulcerationoccurring in 2/3 of unstable patientsthe exposed lipid-rich core abundant in cholesteryl ester is highly thrombogenic S
12、ystemic Hypercoagulable Statedisrupted plaque with erosionoccurring in 1/3 of unstable patients,5/98,16,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS pathogenesis急性血栓5/981,NSTEACS pathogenesis,血管收缩the culprit lesion in response to deep arterial damage or plaque disruptionarea of dysfunctional endothelium near the culp
13、rit lesionplatelet-dependent and thrombin-dependent vasoconstriction, mediated by serotonin and thromboxane A2,5/98,17,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS pathogenesis血管收缩5/981,Risk Stratification by ECG,The risk of death or MI at 30 days is strongly related to the ECG at the time of chest pain.ST depression
14、 10%T-wave inversion 5%No ECG changes1-2%,5/98,18,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,Risk Stratification by ECGThe,有以下表现者为高危险性:(1) 危险性随病变血管支数、病变弥漫程度、小血管病变、闭 塞血管病变数而增高。(2) 左主干病变(3) 含血栓性病变(见图1) (4) 病变形态复杂,行介入治疗难以或无法植入支架。(见图2) 图1 图2,冠脉造影,5/98,19,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,有以下表现者为高危险性:(1) 危险性随病变血管支数、,NSTEACS治疗目标,Therapeutic Go
15、als减少心肌缺血 控制症状 预防心肌梗死和猝死Medical Management抗缺血 therapy抗血栓 therapy,5/98,20,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)及其治疗进展,NSTEACS治疗目标Therapeutic Goals5,药物治疗,抗缺血 therapynitrates, beta blockers, calcium antagonists抗血栓 therapy抗血小板 therapyaspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors抗凝 therapy heparin, low molecular weig
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