人教版英语选修七第一单元语法ppt课件.ppt

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1、M7U1 Living well,Grammar,动词不定式(Infinitive) 由 “ to + do ” 构成, 否定形式_ Functions of Infinitive: 主语(Subject)、表语(Predicative) 、 宾语(Object)、宾补(Object Complement) 、 定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial) 、 做独立成分(Independent component) 与疑问词等连用P.S: 不定式可有自己的逻辑主语,即for sb. to do sth. 动词不定式不能作_,谓语,not/never to do,1. 不定式作主语

2、(subject),To finish this report took him a week.眼见为实。To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.Its impossible _ humans to fly like a bird now.Its polite _ you to greet everyone. P.S: 单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用_。不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、特定的行为。若不定式太长，多用it作_,不定式置后。,for,of,单数,形式主语,2. 不定式作表语 (Predicative),What I wou

3、ld suggest is to put off the meeting.To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.P.S:主语为不定式，表语也需为_.我的工作是要帮助病人。My job is to help the patients.不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语The only thing to do now is (to) go on.What Ill do is (to) tell her the truth. All he did just now was (to) complet

4、e the form. P.S:当主语含有_，作表语的不定式可省略_.,不定式,do 的某种形式,to,3. 不定式作宾语 (Object),I decided to ask for my money back. 我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。I feel it impossible for him to finish the job in such a short time.It 作_：think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/ make + it + adj./ n.+ to do sth.,形式宾语,4. 不定式作宾补 (Object C

5、omplement),1) 带to的不定式作宾补动词: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后皆以带to的不定式作宾补。2)他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。 He made a face and made us laugh. 作宾补的不定式不带to:使役动词make, have, let; 感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等,were made to laugh,P.S. 若上述结构变为被动语态, to要还原。

6、,1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.,2. Mother made John wash the car for a week.,John was made to wash the car for a week.,5. 不定式作定语 (Attribute),Could you lend me a pen _(write)?He is looking for a room _(live).Please pass me some paper

7、_ (write). P.S：若不定式是vi., 不定式后介词不可省。He had place _ (live).P.S：不定式所修饰的名词若是time, place或way，其的介词习惯上省去。,to write with,to live in,to write on,to live,5. 不定式作定语 (Attribute),她总是第一个到最后一个离开。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.P.S：当名词被the first ,the last, the only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。The

8、 meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is important. P.S：不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。,to be held,something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,Do you have anything _(send) ? I have nothing _(say) .,to send,to say,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有主谓、同位、动宾 三种关系：,(1) _ 关系I have a lot of work to do.(2) _ 关系He is always the first to

9、 come.(3) _ 关系We all have a chance to go to college.,动宾,主谓,同位,6. 不定式作状语 (Adverbial),1) 目的状语 (to do, in order to, so as to do)I stayed there to see what would happen. He spoke loudly in order to be heard. 2) 结果状语 (tooto do, so/ such as to do)He lay in the bed only _ his feet exposed. He got there onl

10、y _ (find) the train gone. 3) 原因状语 (be + adj. + to do )sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel We were very excited to hear the news.I have to say goodbye now. Im happy to meet you.,to find,to find,辨析 doing/ to do 作结果状语I went to see my aunt only t

11、o find her out.I went to see my aunt, finding her out.,He donated a lot of money _ (enable) the orphans to go to school. He donated a lot of money, _ (enable) the orphans to go to school.,to enable,enabling,_ (老实说), I am not happy at the moment.,to be frank to be honest to tell the truth to be short

12、to begin with to be exact to make a long story short,7. 不定式作独立结构 (Absolute construction),To be honest,动词不定式的时态和语态,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have beendone,(1) They pretended not to see us.,(2) He pretended to be sleeping.,(3) She pretended to have known it before

13、.,(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4) Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。),It is an honor for me _ (invite) to attend the meeting.He wants the house _ (repair) at once.,to be invited,to be repaired,1) Do you have anything else _ (say)?2) Bos

14、s, do you have anything _ (type)?3) With much homework _ (do), I cant go to play football with you.4) The question is very difficult _(answer).5) The problem is easy _(deal with). 主语be +adj. +to do adj. : difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerou

15、s, light, important. 6) The river water is warm enough to swim in.7) The ice is too thin to skate on. too to do, enough to do,注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,to say,to be typed,to do,to answer,to deal with,1. 如果主语部分有do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。你要做的就是快点完成任务。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.2. 感官动词、使役动词后作宾

16、补时, 省去to；但在被动语态中to还原。 他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。 They saw the boy fall from the tree. = The boy was seen to fall from the tree.,注意：二、不定式to的省略,3. cant but/ cant choose but / cant help but / cant do but + do She could do nothing but _ (cry).We can not choose but _(leave)at once.I have no choice but _ (go).We can

17、not help but _(think) so.,注意：二、不定式to的省略,cry,to go,think,4. 不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,- Would you like to go with me? - Id like _.,to,不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,- Would you like to be a teacher?- Id like _.,to be,leave,不定式与疑问词who, which, when, how, what等连用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know what to say. How to sol

18、ve the problem is very important. My question is when to start.,注意：三、不定式与疑问词连用,宾语,主语,表语,为什么不休息下呢？ Why not have a rest? P.S: 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后跟不带to的动词不定式。,stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 doing sth. 忘记已做了某事,remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 doing sth. 记得曾经做某事

19、,注意：四、几对易混淆的词组,1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made,课堂练兵,2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs

20、_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing,4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. H

21、aving slept,6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing,8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose hi

22、s job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating,1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Makin

23、g,实战高考,2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought,3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (200

24、8 全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed,4. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding,5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (

25、2009 上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported,6. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重庆卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing,7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷

26、I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at,8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全国I卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought,9. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西卷) A. to disco

27、ver B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered,10. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁卷) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found,11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. b

28、eing completed,12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with,1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.,To love and to be loved,to have finished/completed,his work,翻译下面的句子。,to have arrived safely,4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,