儿童抑郁症ppt课件.ppt
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1、Depression in childhood and adolescence,青大附院,summary,Depressionis a state of low mood and aversion to activity. It may be a normal reaction to occurring life events or circumstances, a symptom of a medical condition, a side effect of drugs or medical treatments, or a symptom of certain psychiatricsy
2、ndromes, such as themood disordersmajor depressive disorderanddysthymia.,Depression in childhood and adolescenceis similar to adult major depressive disorder, young sufferers may exhibit increased irritability or aggressive and self-destructive behavior, the all-encompassing sadness associated with
3、adult forms of depression. Children who are under stress, experience loss, or have attention, learning, behavioral, or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression.,summary,Childhood depression is often co-morbid withmental disordersoutside of other mood disorders; most commonlyanxiety diso
4、rderandconduct disorder. Depression also tends to run in families. Psychologists have developed different treatments to assist children and adolescents suffering from depressionthough the legitimacy of the diagnosis of childhood depression as a psychiatric disorder, as well as the efficacy of variou
5、s methods of assessment and treatment, remains controversial.,summary,理论发展,对于抑郁的研究,可追溯到2400多年前的希波克拉底,他将抑郁界定为一种气质类型,称为“忧郁质”。弗洛伊德将抑郁定义为转向内部的愤怒,他认为儿童的超我缺乏足够的发展,无法允许愤怒转向自身,故无法体验抑郁。第二种观点则认为忧郁是儿童发展的过程,长大就会消失了。第三种观点接受儿童忧郁症的存在,但是认为其以伪装的形式表现,例如:发脾气、多动、不听话、逃学离家、行为不良、害怕、身体不适、易怒、分离焦虑和低成就。第四种观点则同意儿童忧郁症是一种需要治疗的疾病
6、。,WHO将抑郁症、癌症、艾滋病列为本世纪三大疾病之一。抑郁症与我国十大死因前三名的自杀息息相关,75-80的人在自杀时有忧郁症的症状。,流行病学特征,青少年抑郁症状现患率概况根据国外流行病学研究,抑郁症患病率在儿童青少年时期随年龄增加而上升,美国研究者的调查表明抑郁在儿童中的发生率为0.4-2.5,在青少年中这一比率可能上升至5-10,抑郁症状出现率为22% 60%。国内流行病学研究显示,我国中学生抑郁症状检出率为20% 40%; 南京地区中学生抑郁障碍现患率为14.8%。台湾青少年抑郁症的发病率约3至15。青春期前男、女抑郁症患病率无明显差异,但青春期后女生患病率大约是男生的2 倍。,儿童
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