GE燃机极好的学习课件.ppt

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1、9E燃机极好的学习资料,Page 1,Index 目录,Gas Turbine Principle & General Introduction 燃机原理及概况2. Gas Turbine Structure 燃机本体结构3. Gas Turbine Accessory Systems 燃机附属系统4. Gas Turbine Control System 燃机控制系统Gas Turbine Shipment Weight & Dimension 燃机运输重量及尺寸6. Gas Turbine Erection Procedure 燃机安装步骤7. Gas Turbine Commission

2、ing Procedure 燃机调试规程 8. Gas Turbine Performance Procedure 燃机性能试验规程,Page 2,Physics,Principle of Conservation of Mass:mass in = mass out (Open System) Principle of Conservation of Energy:energy in = energy outenergy may be transformed from one form to another (Power Plant converts Chemical to Thermal

3、to Mechanical to Electrical Energy),Page 3,First Law of Thermodynamics,Q = 727 MW,W= 281 MW,Example: 9FB Energy Balance,DH4-1 = 446 MW,Where:DH = total enthalpy change fluid entering systemQ = net thermal energy flowing into system during processW = net work done by the system,General Energy Equatio

4、nenergy in = energy out, or Q = W + DH,Page 4,Second Law of Thermodynamics,- Amount of energy which is unavailable to do work A measure of disorder,Entropy:,Basic Principle: Heat moves from hot to cold,Page 5,Note: s denotes entropy,Ideal Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Application,Page 6,Real Brayton Cyc

5、le Compression and Turbine Expansion Inefficiencies,Typical Values for GE TurbinesCompressor Efficiency 0.86-0.89Turbine Efficiency 0.90-0.93,Page 7,Real Brayton Cycle Pressure Losses - Inlet, Combustor, Exhaust,Typical Values for TurbineInlet Pressure Loss 3” H2OExhaust Back Pressure (SC) 5.5” H2OE

6、xhaust Back Pressure (CC) 15” H2ODLN Combustor 6-7% DP/P,Inlet,Exhaust,Combustor,2,3,1,4,Page 8,Real Brayton Cycle Parasitic Flows for Turbine Cooling,Entropy,Temperature,Compressor Discharge Pressure,Ambient Pressure,Compression,Expansion,Heat Addition,Heat Rejection,Combustor DP,Exhaust DP,Inlet D

7、P,Stg 1 Cooling,Stg 2 Cooling,Stg 3 Cooling,Stg 1 NozzleCooling,4,1,2,3,Page 9,COMPRESSOR,Entropy,The TURBINE transforms thermal energy into mechanical energy (3 4) used for driving the Compressor & Generator,Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine,Page 10,World wide heavy-duty Gas Turbine manufacturers,Page 11,5

8、P,7A,7E,9B,6A,7F,9F,9FB,7FB,6FA,Evolution of GE Gas Turbines,7FA+e,9FA+e,6FA+e,9FA,7FA,7B,First air cooled bucketFiring T 1000C,Firing T 1250C,Page 12,Evolution of MHI Gas Turbines,Page 13,Line-Up of MHI Gas Turbine,Page 14,The Efficiency and Power Output of MHI Gas Turbine,Page 15,MHI 701F / 701G G

9、as Turbine features,Page 16,Siemens Gas Turbines,Page 17,Siemens SGT5-4000F (V94.3A),Page 18,Alstom GT26 Gas Turbine Features,Page 19,Alstom Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (50 Hz&60 Hz),Page 20,典型F级机组和E级机组的性能及参数,表 1：F级简单循环燃气轮机的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）,注*：这是透平参考进口温度，即透平第一级喷嘴前的温度。,Page 21,表2：由F级燃气轮机组成的联合循环机组的参考性能（

10、ISO标准参考条件）,Page 22,表 3：E 级简单循环燃气轮机的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）,Page 23,表4: 由E级燃气轮机组成的联合循环机组的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）,Page 24,GE Gas Turbines,9FA at Horizontal Assembly,Page 25,Combustion,Turbine,Major Gas Turbine Components,Air Inlet,Gas Exhaust,Cold End,Hot End,Fuel,Page 26,GE Gas Turbines Family:Evolutions and Perform

11、ances,Page 27,Shorter Launch Cycles Technology matures faster,19867F1260 Tfire,19919F1260 Tfire,19927FA1288 Tfire,19946FA1288 Tfire,ScaleFactor = 0.69,19967FA+1316 Tfire,19977FA+e1327 Tfire,19979FA+e1327 Tfire,20016FA+e1327 Tfire,ScaleFactor = 1.2,20007FB1370+ Tfire,20029FB1396 Tfire,SIZE (Scaling F

12、actor ),(Technology, Materials),Firing Temperature,Evolution of Class F Gas Turbines,5230 RPMGeared Machines for 50 or 60Hz,19929FA1288 Tfire,3000 RPM 50Hz Machines,3600 RPM 60Hz Machines,Page 28,Compressor,Multi-stages, Axial compressorThrough Bolted Disc AssyCast Compressor CasingsIGV for flow con

13、trol (1 stage IGV for E/F class)Air discharged to Combustors,Page 29,Combustion System,Can Annular Reverse Flow Chambers Dual Fuel Capability (Gas - Liquid)Dry Low NOx , Standard , or Low BTU Combustion Systems,Water /Steam injection for emission abatement,Page 30,3 Stage Turbine,Air cooled Blades a

14、nd Nozzles,Tip shrouded Blades,Turbine ( Air cooled GT ),Rotor Assembly = Bolted Discs & Spacers,Page 31,Page 32,Siemens SGT6-5000F,Page 33,Firing Temperature GE Defined at N1 Trailing Edge,N1,N2,N3,B1,B2,B3,TurbineExit Flow,Nozzle/Wheelspace Cooling Air(Chargeable),Firing Plane,Combustor,Combustor

15、& N1 Cooling Air(Non-Chargeable),Bucket/Wheelspace Cooling Air(Chargeable),Page 34,Combined Cycle T-S Diagram,5,/,Combined Brayton and Rankin Cycle,T,S,Heat Source,Heat Sink,COMPRESSION,EXPANSION,HRSG,GAS TURBINE,TOPPING CYCLE,BOTTOMING CYCLE,STACK,TEMPERATURE,ENTROPY,COMBUSTION,CONDENSER,EXPANSION,

16、Page 35,Gas Turbine Cycle Configurations,Page 36,Power Train Center Line Equipment Variations,Generator on the hot (Turbine) side of GTUsed prior to 1990sShaft driven accessoriesComplex packaging,Generator on the cold (Compressor) side of GTModern F-class arrangementElectric motor driven accessory s

17、kidsModular packaging,Hot End Drive (prior to 1990s)Applied to Frames 51P, 6B,7EA,9E,Cold End DriveApplied to Frames 6FA, 7FA/FB, 9FA/FB,7H,9H,Complex Single-Shaft Power Train,Page 37,Examples of Combine Cycle Plant Arrangements,Multi-shaft CC2 gas turbines + 1 steam turbine,Single-shaft CC,Page 38,

18、Energy Utilization/Loss in Combined Cycle Power Plant,Page 39,9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout,Page 40,9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout,Page 41,9E Gas Turbine General Layout,Page 42,Mark* VIe Control System - Hardware,GE Gas Turbine Controls,100MB Ethernet,Unit Data Highway (EGD,

19、 NTP),Plant Data Highway (TCP/IP, OPC, GSM, Modbus, PI Server, DNP 3.0),Controller(s),Operator &MaintenanceStations(HMI),Ethernet,Ethernet,System 1ConditionMonitoring,HistorianOSI PI,TurbineI/O,Driven-LoadI/O,RemoteI/O,Rotating Machinery Control,ProcessI/O,ProcessI/O,RemoteI/O,Process Control,Contro

20、ller(s),PTP IEEE1588,100MB Ethernet,PTP IEEE1588,MK VIe Architecture,TCP Panel,Page 44,Turbine Control1991,7FA Gas Turbine,Industrial Steam,9H Combined Cycle,Turbine / Plant Control1997,Governor / Plant Control2003,Networked I/O, 100MB Ethernet / Fiber,Governors,Hydro, Wind,VME Backplane, Ethernet,

21、WIndows,Proprietary Design,Mark V,Mark VI,Mark VI e,Evolution of Control System,Page 45,MK VIe Enhancement,Dual,Triple,Flexible Redundancy,Page 46,MK VIe TMR Features,TMR configuration,Controller redundancy I/O pack redundancy Terminal board redundancy local transimitters/transducers 2-oo-3 voting f

22、or digital inputs Analog inputs voting,Page 47,MK VIe Hardware,Controllers,Power Supplies,IONet Switches,Field Wiring Vertical Channels Top & Bottom Cabinet Access Barrier Blocks Pluggable (2) 3.0mm2 (#12AWG) wires/pt,TCP Outline,Page 48,MK VIe Hardware,TCP Controller Rack,Main Processor Board Compa

23、ct PCI QNX Operating System Unit Data Highway, Ethernet IONet 100MB Ethernet,Optional Second Processor,Power Supply,Processor650MHz 1.66GHzCache256k bytes 1M byteRam128M bytes 256M bytesFlash128M bytes 128M bytesCommunicationDual 10/100 Full Duplex EthernetPower18 to 32Vdc,Page 49,MK VIe Hardware,I/

24、O Packs Plug into Mk VI Termination Boards Barrier & Box Type TBs,Processor32 Bit RISC CPU 266MHzCache32k bytesRam32M bytesFlash16M bytesCommunicationDual 10/100 Full Duplex EthernetPower28Vdc,TCP I/O Packs,Page 50,MK VIe Software,TooloboxST is the software tool for I/O definition, EGD configuration

25、, and control strategy programming.,EGD Configuration,Control Logic Sheet,ToolboxSTconfiguration software,Page 51,Cimplicity is the tool used for HMI (human-man interface) display and editor,Operation Menu,Pushbutton,Live Data,Status Feedback,Setpoint,Alarm Window,CimplicityHMI Display Editor,MK VIe

26、 Software,Page 52,9FA Gas Turbine Weight & Dimension,9FA Component Weights and Dimensions,a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 285,000b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 77,500 c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: kg 288,000 Turbine,Page 53,9E Gas Turbine Weight &

27、 Dimension,a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 207,000b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 49,611 GT rotor c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: kg 208,000 Turbine,9E Component Weights and Dimensions,Page 54,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,安装过程包含了通用电气MS 9001FA燃气轮机所有

28、设备、模块、管路、电缆 在现场的运输 吊装、就位、固定和安装的操作。,1 基础准备基础准备包括燃气轮机、发电机和辅助模块的基础，迸气系统和排气系统的基础与附属模块的基础三部分。,2 燃机主设备的安装,(1)安装燃气轮机和发电机的理想方法是配 备一台起重机，或者方法就是利用滑动装置，从卡车上滚动到基础上然后就位。(2)燃气轮机的就位先在基础上放好燃机底部各类键销的固定架，再将燃气轮机吊装就位并搁置在底板和薄垫片上，调整薄垫片直至正确的中心线高度。,Page 55,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,2 燃机主设备的安装,(3)安装负荷联轴节(入口端)建议采用干冰冷套的方

29、法。安装时螺栓的紧固要求是测量螺栓的伸长量。(4)发电机的就位安装取下发电机上的锁定装置,提高约25.4mm的距离(往换向器一端的方向)。在发电机的底板放置球面垫圈和垫片层，调整薄垫片直至正确的中心线高度。(5) 盘车装置的安装安装人员应该对所有的螺栓进行装配和扭矩加载测试。,(6) 燃气轮机排气扩压段安装先布置好排气扩压段两侧的弹簧支架，用吊车将排气扩压段吊装到弹簧支架上，穿入与排 缸连接的垂直面的螺栓，待调整好开口间隙后再紧固此部分螺栓，以减少对燃气轮机本体的附加应力。安装排气扩压段和外壳之间的绝缘材料。,Page 56,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,2 燃

30、机主设备的安装,(7)最终的定位操作首先应该将发电机与燃气轮机、盘车装置与发电机之间的位置确定好，然后根据要求进行设备的找正找中心工作。注意事项：在进行最终的定位操作之前，排气扩压段应该装配在燃气轮机上。,3 安装辅助模块,(1)安装辅助模块在基础底板上安装辅助模块。此模块包含润滑油箱、润滑油过滤器、润滑油泵和马达、润滑油冷却器、液压控制油泵和马达、液压蓄电池、密封油泵、提升油泵、润滑油蒸汽去雾器和过滤器、气体燃料设备。并按照厂商的说明书来定位油泵和马达。,注意事项：辅助模块的基础上没有地脚螺栓。此模块被设计安装在底板上，它包括一个定位销和一个导向销，可以向一端滑动，以补偿热膨胀。模块上的中心

31、定位销靠近燃气轮机端。,Page 57,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,3 安装辅助模块,(2)安装燃料和雾化空气的模块及电气控制室(PEECC)。注意事项：液体燃料和雾化空气模块安装在6个支撑腿上。PEECC 模块安装在8个支撑腿上。,(3)安装注水模块、消防模块、水冷却模块、液体燃料前置模块、空气处理器模块、水洗模块等六个模块。,(4)安装冷却风扇模块。(5)安装LCI和励磁机、绝缘触发变压器、总线辅助室。(6)安装和装配封闭母线,Page 58,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,4 罩壳和平台的安装(1)基础划线，并布置与安装罩壳

32、底部和第一层框架。(2)安装发电机和燃气轮机罩壳：依次安装上部框架和面板。注意此处有封闭母线出线排的管道与其他的管道，应和罩壳一起安装。 (3)安装排气风扇和阻尼器，安装通道、平台和楼梯。同时在燃气轮机和发电机的护栏底部安装一个防止老鼠啃咬的装置。,5 安装空气进气系统(1)安装空气进气室的强制通风系统(2)安装空气进气风道系统注意事项：安装人员应该确保风道之间的所有接合面都是防水的或者密封的。(3)安装空气进气过滤室注意事项: 安装精细过滤筒一般在机组第一次运行前30天进行。,Page 59,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,6 排气烟道的安装(1)布置好排气烟道

33、的底部钢结构。(2)装配和焊接排气烟道的四个部分，上面两部分和下面两部分应该在水平连接处通过螺栓连接法兰盘来进行定位。,(3)在排气烟道的外表安装保温材料。(4)安装排气扩散段和排气烟道之间的膨胀节。膨胀节是由两个拼装而成的不锈钢环搭接组成的。注意事项：排气烟道和锅炉进口烟道之间的膨胀节应该由锅炉制造商提供并安装。,Page 60,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,7 基础上的管道安装在安装燃气轮机发电机时， 一般由通用电气公司提供各种on-base部分的管道(包括支撑架、调节装置和各种仪器)。注意事项：如果部分管道在出厂之前已经装配到燃气轮机上了，那么剩下的管道和

34、管件一般是装在集装箱中运抵现场。此部分的部件号码在集装箱内的管件储放柜上有明显标示，每根管道上也有标记牌，便于安装前清点。,8 基础外的管道安装Off-base的管道一般是指外部设备(非GE供货)与GE模块或燃气轮机、发电机之间的管道，以及部分GE模块与主设备之间的管路。管路系统设计由业主委托设计院完成，施工单位进行施工。安装水和二氧化碳管道和液体燃料管道，空气进气加热管道，排放管，水洗管道，消防管道和放空管共七种。警告：在对任何管道和部件进行焊接之前，应该确保所有的设备都已经正确接地了，这样可避免出现过大的电流。在对设备进行焊接操作时，应尽量使接地点靠近工作位置。,Page 61,Gas T

35、urbine Erection Procedure,9 装配电气部分安装各个电气控制元件包括所有导线、管道、仪表、控制装置、接线盒和电气材料的安装，这些材料用在燃气轮机、发电机、电气控制室(PEECC)、辅助模块和液体燃料雾化空气模块上。注意：只有在被允许的前提下才能安装与连接从发电机至主变的封闭母线。,10 基础外的模块上的电气安装根据GE的安装图纸来安装所有的控制设备和仪表(压力和温度开关、测仪表、振动开关、液位指示、低位开关报警器)。,11 安装业主购买的电气设备,由业主提供的十种电气设备：天然气测量管 和测量孔，低量程压差计，高量程压差计，压力变送器，天然气测量热电偶，天然气监测系统，

36、进气传感器和排气传感器, 湿度传感器性能监视器和发电机出线等。,Page 62,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,12 其它设备的电气安装和6.6kV的VAC电源(BOP)13 电力供应：安装人员负责提供动力电缆, 连接GE公司提供的设备和业主提供的设备14 辅助动力装置(66kV4125 VAC)：安装辅助动力电缆和互连导线,15 辅助总线 / LCI室：安装互连导线。,Page 63,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure 9FA,Page 64,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 6

37、5,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 66,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 67,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 68,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 69,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 70,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,The Purpose: to measure the performance

38、 of the gas turbine-generator units in accordance with the purchase contract.The evaluation procedure: To utilize correction factors to translate the measured performance at the test conditions to the rated conditions3. The performance test international standard: Simple Cycle: ASME PTC 22 Combined

39、Cycle: ASME PTC 464. The performance specifications: Power Output xxx,xxx kW Heat Rate, LHV xxx,xxx kJ/kWh Gas Turbine Exhaust Temperature xxx.x C Gas Turbine Exhaust Available Energy xxx.x GJ/hr,Page 71,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,5. Rated ConditionsAmbient air temperature xx oC Ambient

40、air relative humidity xx %Barometric pressure x.xxx bar (xx.xx psi)Gas Turbine Shaft Speed xxxx rpmGenerator power factor x.xx (lagging)Gas turbine conditions New and Clean, xxx Fired HoursInlet system pressure drop ( contract rated conditions) xx.x mm H2O (x inH2O)Exhaust system pressure drop (cont

41、ract rated conditions) xxx.x mmFuel Natural GasFuel supply temperature xxx oC (xxx.x oF)Fuel composition % volume Nitrogen (N2) xx.xx Methane (CH4) xx.xx Ethane (C2H6) xx.xx Propane (C3H8) xx.xxFuel lower heating value xx,xxx,Page 72,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,6. Division of Test Respons

42、ibilitiesTest Activity Conducting Party Witnessing PartyPrepare the thermal performance test procedureProvide special instrumentation as specified hereinProvide suitable containers for the collection of fuel samplesPerform required station instrumentation calibration checksWitness / Assist station i

43、nstrumentation calibration checksInstall special test instrumentationDirect the installation of special test instrumentationObtain calibration records and/or flow section dimensions for the fuel flow sectionExecute of test programWitness execution of test programProvide copies of pertinent measured

44、data to involved partiesArrange for third party analysis of fuel samplesRemove special test instrumentationCalculate corrected performance results and provide preliminary resultsIssue the final test report,Page 73,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,7. Measurement and InstrumentationPerformance t

45、est data are of two classes:Primary Data used for performance test calculationsSecondary Data not used for performance test calculations, but required for reference or diagnostic purposes,8. Pre-Test PreparationAn off-line water wash of the gas turbine compressorThe calibration and proper operation

46、of the control systempertinent station instrumentation and measurement devices, and recording systems will be verified,9. Conducting the TestFor each unit, a minimum of three (3) test runs per rated case listed will be conducted.,Page 74,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,In accordance with para

47、graph 3.3.4 of ASME PTC 22-1997:Each test run will be conducted over a thirty (30) minute time period. Manual data will be recorded at least five (5) minute intervalsElectronic control system and data acquisition data will be recorded at least one (1) minute intervals As a minimum, a set of two (2)

48、fuel samples will be taken at the beginning and end of each test run All data files, electronic and/or copies of the manual data hard copy sheets relevant for performance testing and evaluation purposes will be given to the witnessing party immediately after the test.Deviations from the procedure in

49、 any aspect of the test program should be discussed by the Conducting Party and the Witnessing Party.,EvaluationCalculation formula check and confirmationThe correction curves will be used to account for the difference between the rated value and themeasured value for each parameter,Page 75,Gas Turb

50、ine Performance Test Procedure,Performance Correction Curves Examples,Compressor Inlet Temperature vs. Output Compressor Inlet Relative Humidity vs. Output Barometric Pressure vs. OutputShaft Speed vs. OutputGenerator Power Factor vs. Output Total Fired Hours vs. OutputInlet System Pressure Drop vs.