第三讲翻译法减译法ppt课件.ppt
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1、第三讲 减译法,词语的增补、重复与省略,第一节 词语的增补与省略,一、根据英语与汉语在语法结构或行文习惯上的需要二、根据英语与汉语的词语含义或修辞手法上的需要,一、根据英语与汉语在语法结构或行文习惯上的需要,有些词语在英语中使用比较广泛(如关联词、代词)或者不能随便省略(如冠词、虚词it、联系动词等),而在汉语却使用较少或可以省略;有些词语在汉语中使用比较广泛(如范畴词、量词、语气助词等)而在英语中却可以省略或较少使用。,()增减关联词,由于汉语意合句多,不强调形式上的完整,只要不妨碍意义的表达,即可省去形式上的东西,英语形合句多,注重把各种关系用语言形式表达出来。所以在汉译英时往往需要增补必
2、要的关联词(连词、介词等);在英译汉时则往往可以省去这些关联词。,(1)传统的出口商品丰富多彩。(2)他在中国工作了一年,然后就回日本去了。(3)好事不出门,坏事传千里。,The array of the traditional products for export are rich and colorful He worked in China for one year,and then returned to Japan Bad news has wings.,(4)留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。(5)我通宵没睡,非常疲倦。 (6)人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。,Whilethere isl
3、ife,there ishope. I was fatigued because of sitting up all nightAn death befalls all men alike,Ill keep a loyal heart to make a name in history,(7)空气很轻,也具有重量。 (8)公共场合不准抽烟。 (9)这屋子冬暖夏凉。 (10)我们早 8点上班。,Air has weight,though it is very lightSmoking is not allowed in public placesThis room is warm in wint
4、er and cool in summerWe go to work at 8 in the morning,.,(1) If I had known this beforehand,I would not have gone back早知如此,我就不回去了。 (2) Will you call as soon as you can conveniently spare a moment?可否请你有空就来一下? (3) Take the whole into consideration,but do the job bit by bit大处着眼,小处着手。,练习,(4) As it was g
5、etting very late,we soon turned back天很晚了,我们马上就回来了。 (5) The soft can overcome the hard,and the weak can defeat me strong柔能克刚,弱能制强。,(6)He will not leave until his business is concluded他不把事办完是不会走的。 (7)The Spring Festival is celebrated joyfully in all over the country全国各地都在欢度春节。 (8)Most substances expan
6、d on heating and contrast on cooling大多数物质都热胀冷缩。,(9)In whiter,it is much colder in the north than in the south.冬天,北方比南方冷得多。 (10)The force due to gravitation causes objects to have weight地心引力使物体具有重量。,(二)增减代词,英语中为了避免重复名词,往往使用代词,特别是人称代词和物主代词的使用极为广泛;而汉语中却使用代词较少,只要不妨碍意义的表达,往往要把代词省去。所以英译汉时往往可以省略代词(或把代词改换为名
7、词);汉译英时则往往需要增补必要的代词。,(1)那位老人把手插在口袋里在田野里散步。 (2)原子虽小,但具有很大的能量。,The old man was walking in the field with his hands in pocketsSmall as atoms are,they contain vast amounts of energy.,(3)我上周给他写去一封信,但不知收到没有。 (4)请你原谅,我以后不再提这事了。,I wrote a letter to him last week, but I wonder if he has received it Please ex
8、cuse me, I shall not mention the matter,(5) That dress was so expensive that I couldnt afford it. (6) As soon as I arrived at Shanghai,I will send you a telegram,那件衣服很贵,我买不起。我一到上海,就给你打电报来。,(7)A cup of tea?(8)How are you feeling today?,要给你倒杯茶吗?今天感觉怎么样?,(三)增减联系动词,由于汉语的描写句一般没有联系动词(即不用动词作谓语,而直接用形容词、名词、介
9、词、短语、或主谓结构作谓语),汉译英时须补上联系动词,有时需将汉语句中形容词前的“很”字省去;英译汉时要省去联系动词;如果汉语中形容词作谓语,往往在前面要增补一个“很”字。,(1)北京的秋天最美。(2)今天天气很好。(3)这苹果很甜。,Autumn is the most beautiful season in Beijing It is fine todayThe apple tastes sweet,练习,(1) We are happy that you have got well你病好了,我们很高兴。(省略联系动词are和have got,在“高兴”前加“很”字,并将原文第二个谓语译成
10、主谓结构) (2)He has grown old. 他老了。(省略联系动词has grown),(3) That sounds quite reasonable那很有道理。(省略联系动词sounds)Everything is in good order.一切井井有条。(省略联系动词is),(四)增减虚词“it”,英语中无人称代词it,强调句中的it,和语法上作形式主语或形式宾语的it,是汉语中所没有的一种虚词。因此一般说来,在汉译英时要将it补上,在英译汉时要省去不译。,(1) 12点钟了。 It is twelve oclock(2)一天天暖和起来了。 It is getting war
11、m day by day(3)第一次见到她是在法国。 It was in France that I first met her (4)处理这件事是我们的责任。It is our duty to attend this matter.,(5)他们认为为国为民工作是他们的义务。 They regarded it is as their duty to work for the country and the people(6)抱怨是无用的。Its no use complaining (7)是难呀?是我。 Who is it? Its me,(1)Is it far to the station
12、?No,its quite near 火车站远吗?不远,很近。 (2) It was John who bought it这是约翰买的。 (3) It is me,not you, that is to blame应该受到责备的是我,而不是你。,(4) Who was it that called yesterday evening?昨晚来的是谁?(5) Its rather windy today今天风挺大。(6) It will be lovely in the park today今天公园一定很好玩。,(五)增减冠词,由于英语中的冠词是汉语中所没有的,在汉译英时往往需作必要的增补,而在英
13、译汉时,则可以省去不译。,(1)请把门关上。 Shut the door, please(2)整体大干部分。The whole is greater than apart(3)为人民服务是极大的快乐。 It is a great joy to serve the people,(4)把练习做完了吗? Have you finished doing the exercise?(5)任何物质,不管它是固体、液体或气体,都是由原子组成的。 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid or a gas.,(1) Hi
14、s father is an engineer他父亲是工程师。(2) Beijing is the capital of China北京是中国的首都。(3) He is a great loss to the country他的去世是国家的重大损失。,(4) Pollution is injurious to the lungs污染有害于肺。(5)The commander-in-chief inspected a frontier guard unit总司令观察了边防部队。,(六)增减范畴词,英语中有些表示动作或性质的抽象名词(特别是由动词或形 容词派生的名词),有时指人或事物的具体行为或性
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