自考英语科技文选精要(附答案)ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语科技文选 串讲,参考教材： 李碧嘉主编：英语科技文选 串讲方式：I. Affix（涉及考试第一题）II. Key Words and Phrases（涉及考试第二和第三题）III. Translation （涉及翻译）,Unit 1I. Affixunknowable-knowableirrelevant-relevantact-interactunpredictable-predictableinstinct-instinctivelydelusion-delusiveexcel-excellentaccelerate-acceleratorgamble-gamblersight-ins

2、ightregular-irregular,conception-misconception access-accessible circulate-circulation counsel-counsellor tress-distress down-downcast import-importation myth-mythical observe-observatory found-profound surrect-resurrect,II. key words and phrases （Part A）1. That bias can lead to misconceptions about

3、 the world around us. 2. The known is pressed on us from the first.3. The frontiers of knowledge, where it borders on the unknown, seems far away and irrelevant, separated from us by an apparently endless expanse of the known.4. We do not see that we may be proceeding down a narrow path of knowledge

4、 and that if we look slightly left or right we will be staring directly at the unknown.5. Even when we are right on the edge of the unknown, we may not be aware of it.6. the events so vividly described are all based on the writings7. it is unknown and in all probability can never be known.,8. But we

5、 did not think of his accounts as fragments of knowledge on the edge of the unknown9. Beyond the currently unknown are the things that are inherently unknowable.10. Few unknowables are consciously recognized as such.11. we bump into phenomena that may well be unknowable12. Brokers make a living anti

6、cipating the fluctuations of stock prices. 13. Presidents run for office based on claims of what they will do14. Nor do people try to predict the automobile accidents they will be involved in.15. The roll of a bowling ball down an alley, for instance, is easier to predict than the motion of an irreg

7、ular stone tumbling down a rough hillside.16. It is in creating the artificial and controllable that science excels.17. replete with huge bridges, trucks, airplanes,18. Large pieces of software, as they are expanded and amended, can develop a degree of complexity reminiscent of natural objects19. An

8、d second, embedded within our increasingly artificial world will be large numbers of complex and thoroughly idiosyncratic humans.Part B 1. a unique synthesis of2. rest on/upon3. to be ignorant of4. to be increasingly dazzled by5. a period of amnesia6. awestruck7. the importation from8. to stay on ho

9、rseback,9. in distress10. bringto an end11. to be shattered by12. takefor granted13. to feel inferior or downcast14. far apart15. to be inextricable fused16. lose sight of17. a biochemist of considerable distinction18. befriend some Chinese students19. pass on to her his unusually profound knowledge

10、 of the history of Chinese science.,20. to be obsessed with21. set about learning the language22. with reference to23. by no means24. have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas25. embark on26. cannot afford27. lose his early vision of28. make his work more accessible in every po

11、ssible way29. accomplish himself30. to be fully occupied31. to be associated with him,III TranslationIn distinguishing the known or the unknown from the unknowable, the level of detail can be decisive. The level of detail is what separates the delusion of the gambler from the wealth of the casino ow

12、ner. The gambler attempts to predict the individual and unpredictable spins of the roulette wheel; the owner concerns himself with the quite predictable average outcome. （在把已知的、未知的及不可知的三者区分开的时候，细节的程度起着决定性的作用。细节的程度就是将赌博者的错觉同赌场主任的财富分离开，赌博者企图预测个人的和不可预测的轮盘赌盘的旋转，而赌场主人则关心可预测通常的结果。）,Unit 2I. Affix distorti

13、on-distort metric-nonmetric quantitative-nonquantitative implausible-plausible intuitive-intuition fictitious-fiction deform-deformed permanence-impermanence variant-invariant celebrate-celebrated custom-customary,empirical-empiricism sufficient-suffice over-overlapping propose-proposition theory-th

14、eorem transform-transformation continue-continuity different-differential formulate-formulation sect-intersect meter-perimeter,polygon-polygonal circular-semicircular inscribe-inscription approximate-approximation compute-computer lengthy-length refine-refinement extend-extension,II. Key Words and P

15、hrases （Part A）1. It deals with fundamental geometric properties that are unaffected2. Its propositions hold as well for objects made of rubber as for the rigid figures encountered in metric geometry3. it delves into strange implausible shapes4. A world made up entirely of erratic electrical gyratio

16、ns in curved space requires a bizarre mathematics to do it justice.5. In ordinary geometry metric properties are said to be invariant under the transformation of motion.6. my pen retains its dimensions as it moves over the paper, this book neither shrinks nor expands as the reader turns its papers.7

17、. If a triangle is stretched into a circle, which of its geometric properties are retained?8. The origins of topology go back to major discoveries,9. V stands for vertices, E for edges, F for faces.10. It is easy to see that no smaller number of colors will suffice for all cases.Part B1. due in larg

18、e part to2. serve as3. a strain of4. at a rate5. proportional to6. more or less7. revolve around8. next to impossible9 to be transformed into10. to be carried out,III. TranslationTypology seems a queer subject; it delves into strange implausible shapes and its propositions are either childishly obvi

19、ous （that is, until you try to prove them）or so difficult and abstract that not even a topologist can explain their intuitive meaning. But topology is no queerer than the physical world as we now interpret it. （拓扑学表面看来是一门奇特的学问；它探求的都是的难以些奇怪的难以置信的图形，它的定理要么是明显地带股孩子气（除非你想证明它）， 要么非常困难和抽象，即使一个拓扑学家也不可能凭知觉解

20、释清它们的意义。）,Unit 3I. Affix elude-elusive allot-allotment manipulate-manipulation recur-recurrence inhere-inherent ambiguity-ambiguous irreversibility-reversibility chronology-chronological visit-visitation mark-remarkable opt-option,season-seasonal hierarchy-hierarchical guarantee-guarantor cycle-cycl

21、ical fold-unfold period-periodical cohere-coherent fiche-microfiche photo-photography hole-pinhole propel-propeller impose-superimpose canny-uncanny wave-wavelength,II. Key words and phrases （Part A）1. almost all the physical values of the world around us submit to our manipulations.2. It is impossi

22、ble to cut out a segment of time and compare it with another segment taken from somewhere else.3. which we can manipulate and which recurs in identical fashion.4. there is another problem which stems from the ambiguity of what is being measured.5. notions which give a sense of the irreversibility of

23、 the march of time.6. Measuring time also implies situating events in relation to each other, in other words, dating them.7. takes four minutes short of twenty-four hours.8. This movement put the Sun a little more out of phase with the stars each day,9. They were used to establish a calendar based o

24、n a lunar month10. The Egyptians, whose life was linked to the flooding of the Nile, opted for an annual calendar with a year of exactly 365 days.11. Thus the civil (calendar) year only coincided with the solar year once every 1,460 years.12. This put great power into the hands of the religious or p

25、olitical hierarchy13. It also makes possible the establishment of a chronology attributing to each event a date and a precise position in the unfolding time,Part B1. reach out2. bounce off3. in phase 4. out of step5. from all angles6. vantage point7. under way8. defect-free,III. TranslationAlmost al

26、l civilizations have based their calendars on either the lunar month or the solar year, despite the inherent difficulty that the year is not made up of an exact number of lunar months. Each civilization thus invented its own more or less fixed, more or less arbitrary, system of adjustment. This put

27、great power into the hands of the religious or political hierarchy which took this decision. Although today these adjustments are no longer arbitrary, the variety of calendars an of cultures that they reflect remains.（几乎所有的文明社会都以月亮月或太阳年为基础来建立年历，尽管存在着一年不是由准确数目的月亮月组成这一固有的难题。但每个文明社会都发明了自己的或多或少固定的，或多或少任

28、意性的调整体系，这使宗教或政治集团有很大权利做出决定。虽然今天这些调整不再是武断的，但它们所反映的年历和文化的不同仍保留下来。）,Unit 4I. Affix response-respond restore-restoration atom-atomic molecule-molecular breath-breathe elucidate-elucidation molecule-macromolecule subdivide-subdivision organic-inorganic topic-subtopic routine-routinely,quality-qualitative

29、 quantity-quantitative discipline-cross-discipline play-interplay production-productive stimulate-stimulation dent-dental compass-encompass stuff-dyestuff flame-flammable force-reinforce sock-socket table-tableware,II. Key Words and Phrases （Part A）1. I ask students to fill out an information sheet.

30、2. a great many people who arent chemists have to be familiar with the fundamentals of chemistry3. Chemistry has been subdivided into four areas.4. Physical chemists investigate both organic an inorganic substances and the chemists in all areas make use of the theories and techniques 5. The work of

31、chemists can also be described as either experimental or theoretical.6. the theory has to be discarded and a new proposal put forth.7. but more often chemists specialize in one or the other of these areas.8. No experimental chemist, however, can afford to be ignorant of the theories,Part B1. cause d

32、amage to2. in addition to3. contribute to4. exacerbate the situation5. fire resistant6. meet the requirement7. fore-proof8. exposure to9. custom fabricated10. in the event of11. give off (any toxic gas)12. range from13. installed with,III. TranslationChemistry has traditionally been subdivided into

33、four areas: organic, inorganic, analytical, and physical chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of a single element, carbon; inorganic chemistry is the study of compounds of all the other elements. These divisions have blurred somewhat in recent year and there subtopics, such as

34、organometallic chemistry, being investigated by both organic and inorganic chemists. （化学被传统地分为四个领域：有机化学、无机化学、分析化学和物理化学。有机化学是研究一个元素-碳的化合物的科学。无机化学是研究所有其他元素化合物的学科。这些划分在近些年来已变得模糊起来，而且有些副主题,诸如金属有机化合物的化学被有机的和无机的化学家们共同研究。）,Unit 5I. Affix persistent-persist convert-conversion point-pinpoint neurology-neurol

35、ogical ability-disability sense-nonsense act-activation compare-comparable conceive-conceivable time-timeless efficient-deficient,function-functional lower-lowercase tangle-untangle case-uppercase normal-abnormal certify-certified companion-companionship cover-coverage list-enlist patient-impatient

36、current-intercurrent personal-interpersonal weigh-outweigh palliate-palliative long-prolong,II. Key Words and Phrases （Part A）1. 20 percent of Americans have persistent trouble converting letters on a page into sounds.2. why so many perfectly smart people have trouble learning to read.3. how she and

37、 her husband ended up discovering sex differences4. the skill that most people with reading disabilities are deficient in.5. In both sexes, trying to recognize rhymes led to increased blood flow6. which has long been linked to language ability.7. the work was just spread out more.8. knows for sure w

38、hat the difference they detected means. 9. Does it relate in any way to the observation that women are less likely to lose language ability10. To the fact that women tend to do better on tests that measure verbal fluency.,11. its worth emphasizing12. conceivably it could result from differences in u

39、pbringing.13. because they process letters into sounds on both sides of the brain.Part B1. dedicated to2. life-prolonging care3. terminal illnesses4. predominate in5. applicable to6. benefit from7. continuing involvement with8. responsible for/to,9. in charge of10. carry out11. access to12. errand r

40、unning13. terminal care14. associated with15. underlying illness16. rule of thumb17. outweighed by,III. TranslationMen and women showed a difference in brain use only on the rhyming task. In both sexes, trying to recognize rhymes led to increased blood flow in the inferior frontal gyrus of the left

41、hemisphere-Brocas area, as its commonly called-which has long been linked to language ability. （男性和女性在使用大脑方面只有在押韵一项任务上有所差别。对于他们两性来说，辨认韵律都会导致大脑左半球的下前回血流的加快-这就是人们常说的布洛卡区-人们一直认为这个区域和语言能力有关。）,Unit 6I. Affix gene-genetics planet-planetary evolve-evolution sight-insight strike-striking ravel-unravel emerg

42、e-emergence revolution-revolutionary human-humanity reproduce-reproduction,bewilder-bewilderment credit-incredible match-mismatch equality-inequality provide-provision compatible-incompatible justify-justification mark-landmark mental-mentality spring-offspring constitute-constitutional,diversify-di

43、versification biology-neurobiology plant-transplant breath-breathtaking converge-convergence culture-cultured nutrition-malnutrition biology-microbiology combinant-recombinant,II. Key Words and Phrases1. Confronted with the upheavals due to the process of genetics2. There are stages in the history o

44、f science when knowledge takes such great steps forward that our understanding of the world is completely transformed.3. by influencing the diversification of animal species to cater for their own needs, human beings have always been involved in genetics without realizing it.4. These insights were l

45、ater borne out by the observations5. even though he did not have a clear grasp of the idea of genes and never made explicit reference to them.6. genetics as an independent scientific discipline really came into its own.7. human beings now have access to knowledge about their own life mechanisms8. as

46、 a result of genetic engineering, they can take steps to alter the human genome.9. people are now faced with the hard facts about their condition.,10. The explanation of life, and of human life in particular, is capable of bringing about a precisely programmed transformation of human beings.11. It r

47、esults from techniques that are already being used12. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize” animals by injecting them with human genes for transplantation purposes, so that their organs will become compatible with the body of the person receiving the transplant.13. But the terrible question aris

48、es as to whether there is a taboo on applying transgenesis to the human species, even though there might be a therapeutic justification for doing so.14. we can see case of countries in the forefront of research where there is a growing mismatch between the wealth of new possibilities being offered b

49、y science and peoples mentalities and ways of life and their view of the world.15. the media pass on information about scientific discoveries to the public.16. they had to go through a process of verification, publication and discussion within the scientific community.,17. Particular emphasis should

50、 be laid on two areas of thinking.18. The first is bound up with the concentration of research in the industrial countries, which is giving rise to economic and socio-cultural imbalances.19. Science does not relieve us of our responsibility as individuals and members of the human familyPart B1. rece