语法课（词法句法简介）ppt课件.ppt

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1、词汇 语法 + 练习，一定取得好成绩,英语语法网络体系 动词(v.) 形式，时态语态，主谓一致，倒装，非谓语动词，虚拟语气，情态动词 名词(n.) 可数、不可数，所有格 代词(pron.)人称，物主，不定，相互，指示，反身，疑问，关系，连接 数词(num.) 基数，序数词法 形容词(adj.)原级，比较级，最高级 副词 (adv.) 同上 感叹词 连词 (conj.) and, but, or, so连接单词、短语、句子 冠词 (art.) a, an, the 介词 (prep.) in, on, at, between, among He is sitting between you an

2、d _ (I/ me). Class over. He writes as _ (careful/ carefully) as I. He is as _ as I.句法,实词,虚词,句子成分 : 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。句子的种类 ： (用途 ) 陈述句 、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句句子的类型 （结构） 简单句、并列句、复合句 (定语、状语、名词性从句) 省略句倒装句强调句,特殊类型,is,英语语法网络体系 动词(v.) 形式，时态语态，主谓一致，倒装，非谓语动词，虚拟语气，情态动词 名词(n.) 可数、不可数，所有格 代词(pron.)人称，物

3、主，不定，相互，指示，反身，疑问，关系，连接 数词(num.) 基数，序数词法 形容词(adj.)原级，比较级，最高级 副词 (adv.) 同上 感叹词 连词 (conj.) and, but, or, so连接单词、短语、句子 冠词 (art.) a, an, the 介词 (prep.) in, on, at, between, among He is sitting between you and _ (I/ me). Class over. He writes as _ (careful/ carefully) as I. He is as _ as I.句法,句子成分 : 主要成分有

4、主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。句子的种类 ： (用途 ) 陈述句 、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句句子的类型 （结构） 简单句、并列句、复合句 (定语、状语、名词性从句) 省略句倒装句强调句,根据其形式特征、词义以及句法作用，分成十大类:动词：表示动作或状态的词be,do, play, sit, eat (vt./vi. 延续/非延续)名词： 表示人或事物名称的词: box, bike, city, information (U/C)代词：代替名词或名词所有格的词you, my, himself, this, that(九类)数词： 表示数目或顺序的词one, two

5、, first, hundred （基/序）形容词：表示人或事物的性质、特征的词red, clever, young, great 副词： 表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度的词very, quickly, never, indeed 感叹词： 表示说话时的情感的词oh, ah, well连词： 连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子的词and, but, or, for, when, before ,while冠词： 置于名词前，说明名词含义的词 a, an, the介词：名词或代词之前，表示该词与其他词的关系的词in, on, at, over, under,I met my best fr

6、iend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,地点状语,时间状语,句子成分（简单句）,The book is hers.We are Chinese.This pen is yours. Mine is in my bag.That is a cup.Who is crying?Nothing can interest him.Two of them will be chosen.The first is better.The rich are for the plan.To talk is easier than to do.Walki

7、ng is a good form of exercise.What I will say is very important.,主语:表示所说的是谁或是什么事物。,名词,人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,疑问代词,不定代词,基数词,序数词,the + 形容词,不定式,-ing形式,从句,谓语：主语的动作或状态（干/是）。,行为动词连系动词,He often plays basketball.I read an interesting story yesterday.The boy is clever. She looked worried.The girl is beautiful.,最常见的系

8、动词1.be(是)2.感官动词look, appear, seem, sound, feel , taste, smell等; 3.变化、结果get, turn, become, grow, fall, come, go, prove, turn out 等; (come true/right/loose).4.保持状态的连系动词keep, remain, stay, continue, 等 补充：度量衡的测量The box weighs two kilos.The box measures three inches long.,表语：说明主语的特征、类 属、状态和身份；系动词之后,The g

9、irl is beautiful/ careful. Food goes bad easily.She looked worried. She is a student. His mother is always in on Sundays(位置、场所)（in, out, away, off, over, inside, outside）What I want to say is this: money is the chief problem.I dont know who that man is.That is all for today.One plus one is two.Im th

10、e first to know the news.The headmaster is in his office.My job is to teach you.My job is teaching.The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.That is what he said.,形容词,指示代词,基数词,疑问代词,不定代词,副词,序数词,介词短语,不定式,-ing 形式,过去分词,从句,宾语（动宾、介宾）：动作的承受者。,1. They are reading books.2. He married her ten y

11、ears ago.3. The boy is old enough to dress himself.4. Go to see your grandparents as soon as you get there. OK, Ill do that.5. What are you doing now?6. He said nothing but to cry.7. He likes to look at me.8. They enjoy swimming.9. He is a friend of mine.10. They dont know each other. 11. I know tha

12、t you are right.12. He asked me where I would go.vi.+宾语,反身代词,名词,疑问代词,指示代词,不定式,-ing形式,相互代词,从句,人称代词,物主代词,He works in the shoe factory.I saw a beautiful flower.My father is a doctor.These books are for you.Which class are you in?Id like to have another cup of coffee if you dont mind. I have something g

13、ood to tell you.I want two apples.The first one to arrive can get a prize.The boy in a black T-shirt is Tom.I have something to say.There is a big swimming pool in our school.He didnt know what to say at the surprising news. I saw a flying bird.The broken glasses are my grandmas.The man who is speak

14、ing is very handsome.,位置？,定语：修饰、限定名词或代词。,宾语补足语： 用于宾语 之后补充说明 宾语的动作或 状态。,They elected him their head.His letter made her sad.Let me show you in.He kept his hands in his pocket.He asked me to sign.The man had the fire burning all night.He had his bad tooth pulled out .,名词短语,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,-ing 形式,过去

15、分词,状语：用以修饰动词、副词、形容词或全句。,The moment he saw me, he nodded meThe trees have grown up, larger and better.My teacher speaks very fast.Listen to me carefully.They came out to find out the truth.Waiting for the bus, I met him.Heated to a certain temperature, water will boil.They are singing in the classroo

16、m.While he was reading, his grandpa fell asleep.He came in, book in hand.,名词,形容词,副词,不定式,-ing形式,过去分词,介词短语,从句,独立主格结构,状语有如下13种：,1) How about meeting again at six?（时间）2) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件）4) Mr Smith lives on the

17、third floor.（地点）5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的）8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果）9) She works very hard though she is old.（让步）10) I am taller

18、 than he is.（比较）11) He is often/ seldom late. (频度)12) The film is very / so/ this/ that interesting. (程度）13) Fortunately, he survived the accident. (修饰句子),同位语：说明前面名词或代词的具体内容。,This is Tom, our monitor.They all laughed at the strange man.They three went out together.The news that he won the game is tr

19、ue.,名词,代词,数词,从句,句子的种类按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。,陈述句,肯定句 He likes swimming. 否定句 He doesnt want to go out 一般疑问句 Are you a student? 特殊疑问句 Where do you live? 选择疑问句Are you a teacher or a doctor? 反意疑问句 John is very tall, isnt he?,疑问句,Sit down, please. 祈使句 Dont make any noise! What fine weather it is! 感叹句

20、 How beautiful the city is!,按结构分类，句子可分为简单句、并列句、主从复合句。,英语简单句的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： （主谓） 二： （主谓宾） 三： （主系表） 四： O （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补）,并列句 We are Chinese and we love our motherland .He is short but he likes basketball. The sun went down so they went homeHe didnt go to

21、 school, for he was ill.You like while I likeI was about to jump into the river, when he stopped me.,复合句：含有从句的句子。,名词性从句：主语、宾语、表语、同位语状语从句：时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、地点、让步、方式、比较定语从句,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分,1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4.

22、 What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. His job is to train swimmers.6. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.7. His wish is to become a scientist.8. He managed to finish the work in time.9. Tom came to ask me for advice.,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分,10. He found it important to master English.11. Do you

23、 have anything else to say?12. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.13. Would you please tell me your address?14. He sat there, reading a newspaper.15. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.16. He noticed a man enter the room.17. The apples tasted sweet.18.He said to me, smiling.,