趣味定语从句详解(奔跑吧兄弟)ppt课件.ppt

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1、在英语的江湖中，有这么一群词的存在，他们神通广大，既能指代前文出现的名词或代词，又能在从句中充当一定成分，并起到连词的作用，若非用于正事，必将江湖大乱啊！,他们到底是谁呢？,大人，必须将此党拿下，严刑拷打，归我等所用！,靠谱！,who,which,that,whom,whose,as,when,where,why,9人已全数归案,剧终！,欲知后事如何，敬请下回分析.,定语从句,定义,被定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，用来修饰先行词的词叫“关系词”, E.g. This is the book that I want.,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句有时也可以修饰一个

2、句子。,定语从句的关系词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语), whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)= of whichas(主语、宾语),where (地点状语),when (时间状语),why (原因状语),关系词,牢记这些词的功能：指代先行词在从句中充当成分起连词的作用！,连连看,Here are the books.You are looking for them._Have you seen the children? They are playing football._,

3、Here are the books which/that you are looking for.,Have you seen the children who/that are playing football?,This is the hero. We are proud of him._Can you show me the novel. Its cover is red._,This is the hero who/whom/that we are proud of.,Can you show me the novel whose cover is red.,分类,定语从句,限制性定

4、语从句：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that,定语从句的分类,无逗号，可用that,有逗号，不可用that,The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming mo

5、re and more powerful.(3) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (4) China is a country which has a long history.,判断下列句子,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,定语从句三步法,三步法,1.(1)This is the house _the teacher wanted to buy. (2)This is the house _a fire broke out last year.,解.:(1)先将先行词the

6、house还原到从句中The teacher wanted to buy the house .句子完整, the house 作buy 的宾语,故填which或that,或省略.,which/that/,where/in which,(2)The house 还原到从句中A fire broke out the house last year . 句子有误,broke out是个不及物动词短语,故补缺加上in,句子才完整.而in the house 在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where 或in which.,2.(1)We will never forget the days _we

7、spent in the factory. (2)we will never forget the days _ we worked in the factory.,which/that/,when/during which,下次可千万别一看到地点名词就填where;时间名词就填when哦! 技巧是:看从句缺什么成分. (缺主语或宾语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词),which; who; that; whom; whose; aswhere; when; why,which that aswhowhomwhosewhere when why,指代“事、物”在从句中作主语或宾语,指代“人”，在

8、从句中作主语或宾语,指代“人”，在从句中作宾语,指代先行词，在从句中作定语,指代先行词，在从句中作状语,Can you make sentences by yourself?,奔跑吧！定语从句,Angelababy，中文名杨颖，1989年2月28日出生于上海.,Angelababy , whose Chinese name is Yang Yin, was born in Shanghai on February 28th 1989.,_,Baby正在敲打那些从洞里伸出来的人。Baby is hitting the people _,who stick out from the holes.,

9、李晨正在努力地吃一颗糖，糖用绳子绑着。,Li Chen is trying to eat a candy_ _.,which,was tied with a string,李晨正在拉一辆木车，车上有5个人。,Li Chen is dragging a wooden vehicle_ _.,on which,there are five people,帽子是红色的那个女人是Baby, 邓超和鹿晗在她旁边跳舞。,The lady whose hat is red is Baby, beside whom Dengchao and Luhan are dancing.,一群人在一座房子前面摆pose

10、,房子的颜色是棕色的。,A group of people are posing in front of a house whose color is brown.,定语从句考点与难点归纳,1.that与which, who2.对the way的考查3.介词+关系词,考点,难点,4.as的使用5.对where的考查6.综合考查,1. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时；2. 先行词是不定代词；或被every/ all/ few等数量形容词修饰时；3. 当先行词既有人又有物时；4. 先行词是 one of、 the one; 或被 the only/ the right/the very 修饰时；5.

11、当主句已有which和who时；,【一】只用that, 不用which 的情况：,用何关系词？,Runningman is the best show _ I have ever watched.The first city _ they went to was Hangzhou.This is the third season _ they have taken part in.,that,that,that,1.当先行词被最高级或者序数词修饰时，指物用that,不用which。,Den Chao will show you something _ you never saw before.

12、They should be grateful for everthing _ they have achieved.There is much _interests me in this show.Wang Zulan handed out all the keys_ he had found.He has little experience _ can be applied to this job.,that,that,that,that,that,2.当先行词是something/nothing/few/little等不定代词; 或被few/all/little/much等数量形容词修饰

13、时，指物，用that,不用which。,He talked about the people and things _ he saw in the passage.He can clearly remember the person and things _ he noticed during the game.,that,that,3.当先行词既包括物又包括人时，用that。,Runningman is one of the programs _ I am fond of.Is this the one_ you are looking for?The Safe Room was the o

14、nly place _ they would go to.This is the right/very envelope _ they have been looking for for a long time.,that,that,that,that,4.当先行词是one of；the one; 或被the only/ right/ very(正好；恰好)等修饰时，指物，用that,不用which。,Who is the man _ is walking to them?Which is the key _is matched to the lock?,that,that,5.当疑问句里已有

15、Who或Which时，关系代词用that,避免重复。,1. 在非限制性定语从句中Chen He and Ella turned out to be the adopted children, which astonished all the other players.,【二】只用which, 不用that的情况：,2. 在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中They looked carefully at the mirror from which they could obtain some information.They must pay attention to the informat

16、ion with which they could find out the adopted children.,【三】先行词指人，只用who, 不用that的情况：,1.当先行词是everyone/ all/ those/ nobody 等不定代词时，关系代词只用who 2.在there be句型中3.在非限制性定语从句中4.介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只用whom。,1.当先行词是everyone/ all/ those/ nobody 等不定代词时，关系代词只用who Those who want to get out of the room must work out the s

17、um(算术题) on the paper.Anyone who gave a wrong answer would be punished.This game is suitable for someone who has strong power.,2. 在there be 句型中。There were three men in black who would tear their name tags(名牌) during the game.There was a person who had been secretly appointed as a spy.,4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定

18、 语从句中，只用whom。Huang Xiaoming is the lucky man with whom Baby got married.,3. 在非限制性定语从句中Li Chen is a charming man, who appeals to many fans.,1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺宾语,考

19、点2：the way用做先行词,缺状语,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：,做题技巧?,the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语,缺少主语或宾语:,主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that / in which / 不填,引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时),【高考链接】What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,考点3：介词+关系词,1. (06浙江) I w

20、as given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:,2. This is the hero _ I am proud.3. I recognized the boss _ my sister was working.,in whose,of whom,介词+whom / which / whose,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g. Is that the newspap

21、er for which you often write articles?,做题技巧?,2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure?,3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构e.g. There are 50 students in our class,

22、 two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.,【练】1. There are 20 students in this class, _ are dif

23、ferent. A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. all of the above 2.I have many friends, _some are businessmen. A. Of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the

24、 office.,As,which,难点一：as的用法,1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。,asthat

25、which,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. （04 模拟训练） A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as,1. Ive come to the point where I

26、cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,1.We are trying to reach

27、 a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,模拟训练 ：,wherethat1.This is the library_ I borrowed the b

28、ook.2.It is from this library_ I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,难点三: 综合考查,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all hav

29、e heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,1.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,5,t

30、hat/which,表语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,关系副词的用法,1. 定语从句中关系副词有： when, where, why 2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语。,Today is March, 12th , on which people get together to plant trees !It is a basketball court , on which we can play basketball indoors.That is the reason, for

31、 which she asked for a leave.,观察下列3个句子：,on which,在从句中作时间状语，可直接用关系副词when,when,on which,在从句中作地点状语，可直接用关系副词where,where,for which,在从句中作原因状语，可直接用关系副词why,why,He remembered the day when I arrived in this big city. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were

32、 late this time.,when 作时间状语，意为 on the day,where 作地点状语，意为in the place,why作原因状语，意为for the reason,Detailed explanation,when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词为time, day, morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。例：,I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.,We are living in an ag

33、e when many things can be done on computer.,我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。,我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑做的时代。,where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，亦可用“介词+ which”替代。例：,你能告诉我他工作的公司吗？,请把书放在容易找到的地方。,Can you tell me the company where he works?Keep the books in a place where you can find

34、them easily.,why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词for+ which”替代。例：,你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？,他犯法了， 这就是他坐牢的原因。,Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?He broke the law. That is the reason why he was put into prison.,完成句子：1. 我一直都记得我来学校的第一天。I always remember the first day _

35、.2. 从他出国的那年起，我就再也没见过他。I havent seen him since the year _3. 1949年是新中国成立的那一年。1949 is the year_.,when I came to,school,when he went,abroad.,when China was founded,4. 明天我要回去我的出生的故乡。I will go back to the hometown _5. 我爸爸上班的公司离这特别远。The company _ is far from here. 6. 这就是我们吃午餐的那家餐馆。This is the restaurant_,w

36、here I was,born.,where my father works,where we had our lunch.,5. 我没有告诉她我为什么害怕的原因。I didnt tell her the reason_6. 我真的不知道他又迟到的原因。I really dont know the reason_,why I am afraid.,why he,was late again.,3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中作主、宾语， 用which that 若是作状语，才用where, when, why,试比较：I

37、will never forget the days_I spent with my grandmother in the countryside. I will never forget the days _ I spent my summer holiday in the countryside.,when,spend是vt.从句缺宾语，先行词放回从句作宾语，应用关系代词which/that.,虽然横线前后都是完整的句子，但明显有内在关系，the days放回后面的句子做时间状语，所以找关系副词when,既能指代前面先行词在从句中作状语，又能起到连词的作用。,which/that,试比较：

38、Put the book back to the desk _ others can easily find it.Put the book back to the desk _ John moved in.,where,which/that,先行词在从句中作地点状语,先行词在从句中作moved的宾语,再比较：Nobody believed the reason _ he put forward in the meeting. The reason _ he didnt want to attend the meeting is still unknown.,which/that,先行词the

39、 reason 在从句中作put forward 的宾语,why,先行词the reason 在从句中作状语,We should go to the place_we are most needed.We should go to the place_needs us most.A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,3. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 4. It was in October_we met inDamiao for the first time. A. that B. wh

40、ich C. when D. while,C,A,对比训练,5. He is such a good teacher_we all like him. 6. He is such a good teacher_we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which,B,C,7. The news came_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and get

41、s the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as,（05 模拟训练）,Have you got it?,由Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语,1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ wan

42、t to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom,选择题,4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are wait

43、ing has come. A. who B. whom C. that,由Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语,7. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students _ native(本国的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in th

44、e group. A. who B. whose C. that,由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语,10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown11、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which13

45、、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when,由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语,14. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that,先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothin

46、g, anything只能用that引导,16. Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose17. This is the first car _ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导,18. I know all people _ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose19. There is no water _ is needed

47、badly. A. which B. who C. that20. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. that C. in which,先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导,21. That is the very book _ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. A. w

48、ho B. that C. which,先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导,23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which,先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导,24. Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory. A. who B. that C. which,主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导,Thank you!,