材料导论课程教案课件.pptx
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1、,材料导论,材料导论,教材:励杭泉编 “材料导论”, 轻工业出版社, 2000参考书:任选,教材:,一、什么是材料?,一、什么是材料?,What are materials?,Materials are the matter of the universe. These substances have properties that make them useful in structures, machines, devices, products, and systems.,材料是宇宙间可用于制造用品的物质。,What are materials? Materia,材料导论课程教案课件,聚
2、丙烯短纤维,聚丙烯短纤维,塑料布,塑料布,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,门窗玻璃,门窗玻璃,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,材料导论课程教案课件,汽车与高速公路,汽车与高速公路,铁路,铁路,二、材料发展史,二、材料发展史,材料的发展史=人类的文明史,石器时代- N万年前 2000BC青铜时代- 2000BC 500BC 铁器时代- 500BC 19世纪高分子时代 - 20世
3、纪,材料的发展史=人类的文明史石器时代- N万年前 ,材料导论课程教案课件,非理性阶段(主要依靠工匠、艺人的经验技术),非理性阶段(主要依靠工匠、艺人的经验技术),石器,石,陶 器,陶 器,陶 器,陶 器,陶 器,陶 器,铜 器,铜 器,大 方 鼎,大 方 鼎,青 铜 器,越 王 宝 剑,青 铜 器越 王 宝 剑,编 钟,编 钟,铁 器,铁 器,铁 器,铁 器,理性化阶段,18世纪后,工业迅速发展,在物理学、化学、材料力学等学科的基础上,金属学、陶瓷学、高分子材料学应运而生。,理性化阶段 18世纪后,工业迅速发展,在物理学,蒸汽机,蒸汽机,1839年,美国人Goodyear 发现天然橡胶与硫磺
4、共热后呈现奇特性能。,1839年,美国人Goodyear 发现天然橡胶与硫磺共热后,1887 年,Count Hilaire de Chardonnet用硝化纤维素的溶液进行纺丝,制得了第一种人造丝。,1887 年,Count Hilaire de Chardo,合成纤维,合成纤维,钢筋混凝土,钢筋混凝土,材料设计阶段,材料设计阶段,计算机设计,计算机设计,三、材料家族,三、材料家族,粉末金属,有色金属,钢铁,塑料,橡胶,粘合剂,涂料,纤维,陶瓷材料,玻璃,结晶陶瓷,碳材料,半导体,材料家族,金属材料高分子材料粉末金属有色金属钢铁塑料橡胶粘合剂涂料纤维,good conductors of e
5、lectricity and heat,not transparent to visible light,polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance,quite strong, yet deformable,金属,强度高、延展性好,良导体,不透明,光滑表面有光泽,METALS,good conductors of electricity,The elements inherently metallic in nature,103Lw,97Bk,95Am,94Pu,93Np,92U,91Pa,67Ho,65Tb,1H,3Li,4Be,11Na
6、,12Mg,5B,6C,7N,8O,9F,10Ne,13Al,14Si,15P,16S,17Cl,18Ar,19K,20Ca,21Sc,22Ti,23V,24Cr,25Mn,26Fe,27Co,28Ni,29Cr,30Zn,102No,101Md,100Fm,71Lu,70Yb,69Tm,68Er,66Dy,90Th,99Es,96Cm,98Cf,31Ga,32Ge,33As,34Se,35Br,36Kr,37Rb,38Sr,39Y,40Zr,41Nb,42Mo,43Tc,44Ru,45Rb,46Pd,47Ag,48Cd,49In,50Sn,51Sb,52Te,53I,54Xe,55Cs,56
7、Ba,57La,72Hf,73Ta,74W,75Re,76Os,77Ir,78Pt,79Au,80Hg,81Tl,82Pb,83Bi,84Po,85At,86Rn,87Fr,88Ra,89Ac,58Ce,59Pr,60Nd,61Pm,62Sm,63Eu,64Gd,1A,IIA,IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA,O,VIIIB,IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB,2He,The elements inherently metall,compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements金属与非金属元素的化合物,typic
8、ally insulative to the passage of electricity and heat不良导体,more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments耐高温、耐严酷环境,hard but very brittle硬而脆,Ceramics,陶瓷,compounds between metallic and,Electrical insulation,Thermal insulation,Chemical resistance,Magnetic inertness,Extremely light weight,To
9、ughness,Transparency,Colorability,Polymers,电绝缘,热绝缘,磁惰性,化学惰性,重量轻,透明,韧性好,可染色,Electrical insulationThermal i,A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically different materials, having a distinct interface between them, which act together to produce a desired (tailored) set of propertie
10、s. 不同材料的组合,Composites,A composite material is a comb,EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITES,EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITES,Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators. 电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间,Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of these materials are extrem
11、ely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms.电性能对杂质含量极为敏感,Semiconductors,半导体,Semiconductors have electrical,Biomaterials arc employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body parts.,生物材料,用于制造人体植入物以取代染病或坏损部件的材料,Biomaterials,Bi
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