最全英语疑问句语法讲解ppt课件.pptx
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1、,疑问句,疑问句是问一些事情的,可分为:一般疑问句特殊疑问句反意疑问句 (附加疑问句)选择疑问句,2陈述句中有情态动词或助动词(can may must ),时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:,He can swim now,Can he swim now?,The children may come with us May the children come with us?,I have finished my work.,Have you finished your work ?,3陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时,态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或
2、does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如:,I like these animals,Do you like these animals?She wants to go to the movies, Does she want to go to the movies?,“一调”、“二换”、“三变化”,1、“一调”:系、助、情调到句首 !,2、“二换”:大小互换(专有名词除外,如Tom)。3、“三变”:第一人称习惯上变第二人称。“句号”变“问号”。some常变为any(除固定用法 do some +V.-ing和请求,建议的疑问句中)。,I have some books.Do you have a
3、ny books?,attention,4一般疑问句一般读升调()5一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:Are they in town now?I think so.May I sit here?CertainlyDoes he like soccer?Sorry I dont know,二、特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose whichwhen where how why等。,特殊疑问句有两种语序:,1如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语,的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(主语)谓语动词其他成分
4、?如:,Lucy is singing in the room.,-who is singing in the room?,The red bike is mine ?,-which bike is yours?,2如疑问词不做主语,即对其他成分提问,则语序,为倒装语序,结构为:疑问词一般疑问句语序?如:,I am from china.,-Where are you from?,He looks like a monkey .-What does he look like?I am in class one .-which class are you in?,He gets up at si
5、x every morning.-What time does he,get up every morning?,I know the news by TV.-How do you know the news?,attention, 1回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes no,即问什,么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:, Who is from Canada? Helen (is), Wheres the restaurant? Near the station, Why do you like koalas? Because they are cute,2特殊疑问句一般读降调()。,三、反意疑问句,
6、反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。,完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。,You are a student ,arent you ?,(一)、 简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用, 反意疑问句运用于简单句式结构中时,我,们应注意掌握以下几个方面, 1、当陈述句部分的
7、主语是名词时,反意,疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。, Your brother has gone to the library, hasnt,he? 你弟弟去图书馆了,是吗?, 2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时,反意疑问句的主语用it代替;指示代词是these, those时,反意疑问句的主语用they代替。, That isnt a useful book, is it? 那不是一本,有用的书,是吗?, These are important reading materials,arent they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料,,是吗?, 3、当陈述句部分是I am时,反
8、意疑问句部分通常要用arent I;如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时,反意疑问句部分通常要用amI。, 例 Im late for the meeting, arent I? 我开会迟,到了,是吗?, Im not doing well, am I? 我干得不好,是吗?, 4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone /somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语多用they,但也可用he;当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything,something, nothing等表示物的不定
9、代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语用it。, Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时,,没人来过,是吗?, Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it? 今天什,么都出问题了,是不是?, 5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”,结构时,反意疑问部分要用“be (not) +there”结构。, There are some bananas in the basket, arent,there? 篮子里有些香蕉,是吗?, 6、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情,况。, (1)have作“有”
10、解时,反意疑问句部分可用,have(not)或do(not)的相应形式。, 例 His brother has a new bike, hasnt (doesnt) he?,他弟弟有一辆新自行车,是吗?, (2)have用作实义动词时,反意疑问句部分只可,用do(not)的相应形式。, 例 We have to start early, dont we? 我们必须早点,出发,是吗?, 7、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely,rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing,nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时
11、,,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。, 注 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀,时,反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。, Its impossible for him to make such a mistake,isnt it? 他不可能犯这样的错误,是吗? You can hardly believe it, can you? 你不能相,信,是吗?, 8、当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时,反意疑,问句部分要用ought / should (oughtnt /,shouldnt);如陈述部分为情态动词used to,反意疑问部分可用 used或did;如陈述部分为hadbetter,反意疑问部分
12、用hadnt或shouldnt。 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?,这种事是不允许的,是吗?, Youd better do it by yourself, hadnt / shouldnt,you? 你最好自己做,好吗?, 9、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时,反意疑,问部分有四种情况, (1)must表示“必须、禁止“时,反意疑问,部分要用must (mustnt) 。, 例 You mustnt stop your car here, must you? 你,不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?, (2)must表示“有必要”时,反
13、意疑问句部,分要用neednt。, 例 They must finish the work today, neednt they?,他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?, (3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时,反意疑问部分要根据must后,面的动词采用相应的形式。, He must be good at math, isnt he? 他数学一,定学得很好,是吗?, (4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done)时,如强调对过去情,况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“didnt + 主语”;如果强,调动作的完成(一般没有过去
14、时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“havent / hasnt + 主语”。 She must have read the novel last week, didntshe? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗? You must have told her about it, havent you? 你,一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?, 10、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时,反意疑问部分要用may,而且前后,两个部分均用肯定式。, I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some,day, _? may I?, 我希望总有一天能乘宇宙飞船去月球。,
15、11、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式,,并用be的一般现在时形式。, What a foolish child (he is), isnt he? 多傻的孩,子啊,不是吗?,(二)、并列分句结构中反意疑问,句的运用, 当陈述句是由并列连接词and, but, or, for, so,等连接的两个并列分句组成时,反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致,也就是说,对后一分句进行反问。, He was a lazy child, and he didnt pass the,exam, did he?, 他是一个偷懒的孩子,他没能通过考试,,是吗?,(三)、复合句结构中反意疑问句,的运用, 反意疑
16、问句用于主从复合句结构中时,要,注意以下三种情况, 1.一般情况下,陈述句部分是主从复合句时,,反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。, 例 This is the second time that he has been toJapan, isnt it? 这是他第二次去日本,是吗?, 2.在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“Ithink (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) +,宾语从句”, 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。, 例 I dont think you have heard of him befo
17、re,have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他,是,吗?, 反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从,句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。, 例 Mary thinks you will come to the party,doesnt she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会,是,吗?, 3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时,反意疑问句,的主语用it。, 例 That he didnt pass the entrance exammade his parents very angry, didnt
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