对口高职英语总复习介词ppt课件.pptx

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1、,英语,对口升学总复习,PART01,考点解读、分析解读,英语介词的一个特点是一词多义，并且介词间语义交叉现象很多，习惯用法也很多，有时很难从词义上区分开来，所以考生在学习中要注意不断总结、熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法。,PART02,知识要点,一、介词的定义介词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，在句中可作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。二、介词的种类1. 简单介词： at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如：Hes worked there since 1998. 他从1998年开始就一

2、直在那里工作。2. 复合介词： into, onto, out of 等。如：She is out of school. 她毕业了。3. 短语介词： because of, instead of, in spite of 等。如：I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。,三、介词的作用1. 表示地点：after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如：Near the village the boys a

3、re skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树荫下。2. 表示时间：about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。如：After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。The accident

4、happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。3. 表示动作：at, across, around, on, over, under 等。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。4. 表示比较：as, like, above, over, with 等。如：She was something like her sister. 她有几分像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相

5、比，汉语难得多。,5. 表示原因：about, for, from, with 等。如：Dont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。6. 表示条件：to, with, without 等。如：Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告，他可能已经失败了。7. 表示手段、方式：as, by, in, with 等。如：He behaved as a drun

6、kard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。Learn the new words by heart. 记住这些生词。We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看。8. 表示距离、数量：from, in, within 等。如：My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里远。They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。,9. 表示目的：as, for 等。如：I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。Its time for class. 到上课的时间了。10. 表示让步：for, w

7、ith 等。如：For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 虽然他全力以赴了，但仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。,四、几个常用介词的用法1. at(1)在时刻；在点钟；在岁时We usually have breakfast at seven. 我们通常七点钟吃早饭。We always have a party at Christmas. 我们总是在圣诞节举行聚会。Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times.每个人都可能糊涂

8、一时，但不会永远糊涂。(2)在地点；在方面；在场合He lives at 378 Brook Street. 他住在布鲁克大街378号。My brother is good at maths. 我弟弟擅长数学。Did you speak at the meeting? 你在会上发言了吗？(3)向(某方向、目标)What are you laughing at? 你在笑什么？He threw banana skins at the monkey. 他向猴子扔去香蕉皮。Listen, someone is knocking at the door. 听！有人在敲门。,(4)处于某种状态；进行某种活

9、动We are at meeting. 我们在开会。How long have you been at the work? 这工作你做了多久了？(5)按速度；值/卖(多少)钱The bus runs at a speed of 50 miles an hour. 公交车以每小时五十英里的速度前进。The book is sold at two dollars. 这本书卖两美元。(6)因为；由于(说明引起某种情绪的原因)He looked surprised at seeing us. 看到我们，他显出很惊异的样子。At the news they jumped with joy. 听到这消息，

10、他们高兴得跳了起来。(7)用于某些短语中at once 立刻at first 首先，最初at most 最多at last 最后 at least 至少 at home 在家at work 上班；起作用 at all 根本，全然 at the same time 同时at present 目前 at table 吃饭 at times 有时候at will 随心所欲 at the moment 此刻；当时,2. for(1)为了(后面只能接名词)He went for a walk. 他去散步了。He is studying for a doctors degree. 他在读博士学位。(2)就

11、来说This book is difficult for beginners. 这本书对初学者来说太难了。It is dangerous for a little child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。(3)计；到达(表示目标、去向)Is this the train for Beijing? 这是开往北京的火车吗？He is setting off for London tomorrow. 他明天动身去伦敦。(4)给(某人)These bananas are for you. 这些香蕉是给你的。There is a telegram for y

12、ou. 有你的一份电报。,(6)赞成Are you for it or against it? 你赞成还是反对？I am all for it. 我完全赞成。(7)代替，代表Will you do it for me？你代替我做这件事好吗？I can only speak for myself. 我只能代表自己说话。(8)句型：It isadj.for sb. to do sth.。若形容词表示一个人的个性特征则应用句型：It isadj.of sb. to do sth.。如：It is important for students to learn English well. 对于学生来说

13、学好英语是很重要的。It is very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。(9)用于某些短语中for the time being 暂时，目前for ever永远for example 例如 for instance 例如for sale 出售，待售 for the present暂时for oneself 独立地 for ages 很久,3. in(1)表示地点，通常指在某范围或某空间。如：We are Chinese. We live in China. 我们是中国人，我们住在中国。(2)表示一段时间或表示年、月、季节。如：He will be bac

14、k in two hours. 他将在两小时后回来。Some birds fly away to the south in winter. 一些鸟儿在冬天飞去南方。(3)表示状态特征。如：Do you know the girl in red? 你认识穿红衣服的那个女孩吗？(4)用于某些短语中in all 总计in fact 实际上in a hurry 匆忙in short 简言之 in public 公开地 in return 作为回报in turn 轮流 in a word 总之 in detail 详细地in future今后 in secret 秘密地 in time 及时,in re

15、ality 事实上 in case 假使 in order to 为了in the end 最后 in ones opinion 在某人看来 in advance 事先in general 一般来说 in the open air 在户外 in danger 处于危险中in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in place of 代替 in no time 立刻in sight of 看得见 in order 井井有条4. of(1)表示所属关系。如：Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。(2)表示数量。如：Id like a cup of

16、tea. 我想喝杯茶。Please give me a piece of paper. 请给我一张纸。(3)表示特征、性质(后跟抽象名词)。如：This question is of great importance. 这个问题很重要。He is a professor of English. 他是一位英语教授。,(4)表示同位关系。如：They came to the city of Beijing for a visit. 他们来北京参观。(5)用于某些短语中of course 当然 because of 因为 instead of 代替be short of 缺乏 run out of

17、用尽 of oneself 自动地5. on(1)在上(表地点)A mirror hung on the wall. 一面镜子挂在墙上。The number is on the door. 号码在门上。(2)在时候(表示具体的某一天或某天的上午、中午、下午或晚上)I will be back on Friday. 我将周五回来。We are going to give her a surprise on her birthday.我们将在她生日的时候给她一个惊喜。He suddenly came back on a cold night. 他突然在一个寒冷的夜晚回来了。,(3)关于He wil

18、l give us a talk on how to learn English. 他将给我们作一个关于怎样学英语的报告。(4)在边Please take the first turn on the right and keep straight on.到前面第一个路口往右拐，然后一直往前走。(5)用于某些短语中on duty 值日 on time 准时 on sale 出售on the contrary 相反地 on purpose 故意地 on the whole 大体上on business因公事出差 on fire失火 on the other hand 另一方面on the left

19、 在左边 on foot 步行 on earth 究竟,6. by(1)在旁边There is a table by the window. 窗户旁边有张桌子。(2)通过，靠，用He is going to Chengdu by subway. 他将乘地铁去成都。(3)到时候，不迟于By the end of last term, we had learned eight units. 到上学期末，我们已经学了八个单元。(4)被(被动语态结构)The poem is written by his brother. 这首诗是他的哥哥/弟弟写的。(5)沿着，经过Did you come by th

20、e nearest road? 你是沿着最近的路来的吗？(6)用于某些短语中by accident 偶然by day/night 白天/夜间by turns 轮流，依次,by birth 生来 by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地by the way 顺便说一下7. out of(1)从出来，在之外You can also learn a lot of knowledge out of the classroom.课外你们也能学到许多知识。(2)用于某些短语中out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of date 过时的 out of order 发生故障out of

21、patience 失去耐心 out of work 失业 out of control 失去控制,五、某些常用介词的用法对比1. in和after“in时间段”用于一般将来时；“after时间段”用于一般过去时；“after时间点”常用于一般将来时。after既可作介词，又可作连词；in只能作介词。如：The baby will stop crying in half an hour. 这个婴儿将在半小时后停止哭泣。The baby stopped crying after half an hour. 这个婴儿半小时后停止了哭泣。They will visit their teacher af

22、ter Friday. 他们将在星期五之后拜访他们的老师。2. for和since“for时间段”和“since过去的时间点”均用于现在完成时。for表示多长时间；since后接时间起点，其终点往往为现在。如：Tom has worked in the factory for three years. 汤姆在这家工厂工作已经三年了。Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago. 汤姆自三年前就在这家工厂工作了。,3. for和of一般来说， for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性、必然性、难易程度等； of之前的形容词往往用于描

23、写人的品质、特点，如聪明与否、细心与粗心等。如：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock.对我来说，十一点过后看电视是不可能的。Its kind of you to help me. 你真好，来帮助我。4. in, on和at(1)in 表示“在某月/季节/年等”。如：in 1996, in January, in summer等。(2)on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等。如：on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16th等。(3)at 用于具体时刻前和某些固定

24、词组中。如：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time等。注：词组里有next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 时不用介词； the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorr

25、ow 前不用介词。,5. except, except for, besides和butexcept意为“除之外(不包括本身)”；except for意为“除之外”，指除去整体中的一部分，有时候有“美中不足”之意；besides意为“除之外(包括本身)”；but意为“除之外”，常用在no, all, nobody, nothing, who之后，nothing but相当于only。如：Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. 除了林涛，今天每个人都在校。Your speech i

26、s quite good except for a few mistakes in pronunciation.你的演讲已经很好了，只不过有些发音错误。Besides English, they study World History and Chinese. 除了英语以外，他们还要学习世界历史和中文。There is no one but me. 这里除我外别无他人。,6. by, in, on, over和with(1)乘交通工具用介词by。 如：by plane, by water等。(2)使用语言用介词in。如：in English, in Chinese等。(3)通过媒介用介词on,

27、 over。如：on/over the telephone, on/over the radio等。(4)使用工具手段用介词with。如：with a pen, with ones hands等。7. between和among(1)between意为“在之间(两者)”。如：between you and me, between the two boys等。(2)among意为“在之间(三者或三者以上)”。如：among all of us, among the class等。,六、介词与其他词类的搭配1. 名词与介词的搭配a bit of 有一点儿a couple of 两个，几个a kin

28、d of 一种，一类 cover an area of 占地面积have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的in trouble 处于困境 make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 拿开玩笑 meet the needs of 迎合的需要one after another 一个接一个，连续地 play a trick on 捉弄the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天day after day 日复一日 one by one 一个接一个step by step 逐步地

29、 hand in hand 手牵手地face to face 面对面地 little by little 一点一点地side by side 并排地 arm in arm 手挽手地from time to time 不时地 from door to door 挨家挨户地from place to place 到处,2. 动词与介词的搭配agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉arrive at/in 到达(某地) ask for 请求，寻求be covered with 被所覆盖 be made of 由制成be mad

30、e up of 由组成 belong to 属于call on 拜访 care for 照顾；喜欢check in 办理登记(手续)come across 遇见come from 来自 come on 来吧；加油communicate with 与交流 consist of 由组成cut down 砍倒 decide on 对做决定differ from 与不同 do with 处理deal with 处理 depart from 离开depend on/rely on 依靠，依赖 die of 死于(疾病，过于悲伤等)dream of 梦见 dress up 穿着，打扮,eat up/fin

31、ish off 吃光；喝完 fall off 从跌落fill in 填充，填写 find out 找出；查明get along/on with 与相处 get in the way 挡道get off 下车 get on 上车get rid of 摆脱 get ready for 为做准备get tired of 对感到厌倦 get to 到达go in for 参加，从事；酷爱 go ahead 先走；去吧go for a swim 去游泳 go on a diet 节食go over 复习 go on with 继续grow up 长大，成长 hand in 上交hear from sb.

32、 收到某人的来信 hear of 听说help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 hold on 等等(别挂电话)hold up 举起 hurry off 匆忙离开insist on 坚持 keep in touch with 与保持联系,laugh at 嘲笑 learn sth. from 向学习live on 靠为生 look after 照顾，照料look at 看 look for寻找look forward to 期待 look like 看上去像look out 当心 look out of 从朝外看look up 查阅；抬头看 look down upon 看不起lo

33、ok up to 敬仰(某人) make out 辨认出make up ones mind 下决心 pay for 付钱pick out 挑选出 play with 玩弄point at 指向，指着 point out 指出praise sb. for sth. 为某事表扬某人 prefer . to . 比起来，更喜欢prepare for 准备 protect . from 保护免受pull down 摧毁 put off 延期put on 穿，戴上；上演 result in 导致,run after 追捕，追踪 run away 逃跑run into 碰上，撞上 search for 搜

34、寻，搜查sell out 售完 set up 建立，设立shake hands with 与握手 share with 与分享show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观shut up 住口 speed up 加快速度stand for 代表 stick to 坚持stop . from 阻止做 take away 拿走take care of 照料 take charge of 负责；管理take in 吸收take off 脱掉(衣物等)；起飞take out 取出 take part in 参加talk about 谈到 talk to/with sb. 与某人谈话

35、tell . from 区别，分辨 think of 想起，想到think over 仔细考虑 throw away 扔掉,tie up 捆绑 try on 试穿turn down (把音量)调低 turn into 变成turn off 关掉(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn on 开(电灯、电视、收音机等)turn out 结果是，证明是 turn over 翻阅；翻身turn up (把音量)调高 wait for 等待，等候wake up 醒来，叫醒 work out 算出；制定出write down 写下,3. 形容词与介词的搭配(1)atbe good at 擅长 be surpr

36、ised at 对感到惊奇be angry at 对生气 be moved at 感动be pleased at 对满意 be amazed at对感到惊讶be clever at 擅长 be slow at 不善于(2)forbe bad for 对有害 be good for 对有益be famous for 以而闻名 be late for 迟到be eager for 渴望 be anxious for 担心be ready for 为做准备 be fit for 适合be concerned for 关心 be proper for 适合,(3)ofbe afraid of 害怕 b

37、e fond of 爱好be full of 充满 be careful of 小心be hopeful of 对抱有希望 be tired of 厌倦be proud of 为感到自豪 plenty of 许多(4)in, onbe interested in 对感兴趣 be disappointed in 对失望be expert in 精通 be successful in 在成功be engaged in 从事于 be absorbed in 专心于be experienced in 对有经验 be keen on 喜爱be located in/on 位于,(5)tobe famil

38、iar to 为所熟悉 be equal to 等于be polite to 对有礼貌 be true to 忠于be devoted to 献身于 be suitable to 适合于be thankful to 对很感激 be used to 习惯于be married/engaged to sb. 与结婚/订婚(6)withbe angry with 生气 be busy with 忙于be careful with 小心 be familiar with 熟悉be delighted with 因而高兴 be content with 对感到满足be satisfied with 对感

39、到满意be pleased with 对感到满意be popular with 受欢迎,(7)from, aboutbe different from 与不同 far away from 离遥远be worried about 为担心4. 介词的其他搭配(1)表示时间的介词。after school 放学后 from now on 从此以后in a minute 一会儿 in ones fifties 在某人五十多岁时in the future 在将来 in the years to come 在即将来临的几年中(2)表示事物之间位置的介词。at school 在学校；在上课 in work

40、在工作in hospital 住院 in line 成一排，成一直线in front of 在(外面)的前面 in the front of 在(里面)的前面in the middle of 在中间 at the foot of 在脚下,in the corner 在角落里 on the corner 在转角处at the corner 在拐角处 next to 紧挨着，紧靠着，隔壁on ones side 在某人一边 on the right 在右边on the other hand 另一方面 on show 在展出over there 在那边 up and down 上上下下(3)表示方式

41、、手段的介词。by bus 乘公共汽车 by oneself 亲自by phone/on the phone 打电话 in ones opinion 根据某人的看法in surprise 惊奇地 in this way 用这种方法on holiday 休假 on the/ones way to 在去的路上with great care 非常小心 with one voice 异口同声with ones own eyes 亲眼目睹 with the help of 在的帮助下,(4)表示原因、目的的介词。because of 因为 in order to 为了for example 例如 wit

42、h pleasure 愉快地(5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词。according to 按照 after all 终究；毕竟belong to 属于 in charge of 负责in trouble 处于困境中 not . at all 一点也不，根本不of course 当然 the same as 与相同七、常考的介词搭配1. be made of, be made from, be made in和 be made by(1)be made of由制成(物理变化)This house is made of wood. 这个房子是由木头做的。(2)be made from由制成(化学变

43、化)Wine is made of grape. 红酒是由葡萄制成的。,(3)be made in在(地方)制造The bikes are made in Tianjin. 这些自行车是在天津制造的。(4)be made by由(人)制造This desk was made by him. 这个桌子是由他制造的。2. call at, call on和call forcall at表示“访问某地”，后接表示地点的名词； call on 表示“访问某人”，后接表示人的名词； call for意为“要求，提倡”。如：He called at the Turners yesterday. 昨天他到特

44、纳家去了。When they called on him, he was out. 他们去拜访时，他不在家。Officials used loud hailers to call for calm. 官员们用扩音器呼吁大家保持冷静。3. have some/great trouble/difficulty in doing sth.和have the habit of doing sth.(1)have some/great trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难He has no trouble in working out the problem b

45、y himself.他独立算出这道题目没有困难。,(2)have the habit of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯Mr. Smith has the habit of taking a walk after his evening meal.史密斯先生有晚餐后散步的习惯。4. be pleased to do sth.和be pleased with sb./sth.(1)be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事I am pleased to go along with you. 我很乐意和你一起去。(2)be pleased with sb./sth. 对某人/某

46、事满意。I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对这个实验的结果很满意。5. be tired from和be tired of(1)be tired from 因而疲倦I was tired from climbing the hill. 我因为爬山而疲倦。(2)be tired of 厌烦Tom was tired of his job as a salesman. 汤姆厌烦了作为销售员的工作。,6. by means of, by way of, by the way, on the/ones way, in the/ones w

47、ay和in a way(1)by means of使用；由于He succeeded by means of hard work. 由于工作认真，他成功了。(2)by way of经由He will fly to Beijing by way of Shanghai. 他将经由上海飞往北京。(3)by the way 顺便问一下By the way, have you heard from John? 顺便问一下，你收到约翰的信了吗？(4)on the/ones way 在途中On my way home, I came across an old friend of mine.在回家的途中，

48、我遇到了一位老朋友。(5)in the/ones way 妨碍；挡道I felt nervous because a dog was in my way. 我感到紧张，因为一条狗挡道了。(6)in a way 在某种意义上I like the new styles in a way. 从某种意义上来说，我喜欢这些新样式。,7. steal sth. from sb./some place和rob sb./some place of sth.(1)steal sth. from sb./some place 从某人/某地偷某物He stole a new dictionary from the

49、library. 他从图书馆偷了一本新词典。(2)rob sb./some place of sth. 从某人/某地抢某物A young boy in a broken coat came up to me and robbed me of my watch.一个穿着破外套的小男孩走过来抢走了我的手表。8. insist on doing sth.和persist in doing sth.(1)insist on doing sth.坚持要做某事He insisted on doing it over again. 他坚持重新做这件事。(2)persist in doing sth.坚持要做

50、某事(多是不好的事情)Although I have talked about it with him, he persists in doing the experiment in the same way. 尽管我已经跟他谈过，他仍然坚持用同样的方式做这项实验。,9. go on doing sth., go on to do sth.和go on with sth.(1)go on doing sth. 不停地做同一件事Although it was raining hard, they went on working for another two hours.尽管雨下得很大，他们仍然