外研版八年级上册M9U3授课课件.pptx

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1、Unit3Languageinuse,Module9Population,Objectives：,Tounderstandandapplythearticles(a/an/the)andbignumbers,1.Beijingisahugecity.2.Ittakesanhourtogettherebybus.3.Thatsalmostonefifthoftheworldspopulation.,Observe,Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?Pleasepayattentiontothearticles.,4.ThesmalllocalschoolinPar

2、kvillecloseddownfiveyearsago.5.Thatmakesover131.4millionbirthayear.6.Butinthefuture,Chinaspopulationwontgrowsofast,becausefamiliesaregettingsmaller.7.ItisclearthatArnwickneedsmoreschools,busesandhospitals.,8.Theyhadasmallhouse,closetofieldsandhills.9.Infact,thisisjustastory.10.Doweneedmorebigcitiesl

3、ikethis?11.Aswesay,ahundredpeoplemakeathousandproblems.,GuessingGame,1.totestyoursenseofobservation2.totestyourabilityofshort-termmemory3.totestyourabilityofinductivemethod,1.Beijingis_hugecity.2.Ittakes_hourtogettherebybus.3.Thatsalmost_(五分之一)oftheworldspopulation.4._smalllocalschoolinParkvilleclos

4、eddownfiveyearsago.5.Thatmakesover131.4_(百万)birthayear.,a,an,onefifth,The,million,6.Butinthefuture,Chinaspopulationwontgrowsofast,because_familiesaregettingsmaller.7.ItisclearthatArnwickneedsmore_schools,busesandhospitals.8.Theyhad_smallhouse,closetofieldsandhills.9.Infact,thisisjust_story.10.Dowene

5、edmorebig_citieslikethis?11.Aswesay,_(一百)peoplemake_(一千)problems.,/,/,a,a,/,ahundred,athousand,以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解,下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。,语法讲解,1.冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。,2.冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种。,Articles冠词,分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的

6、概念。,不定冠词的用法,例1:Jacksfatheris_doctor.A.aB.anC.someD./,例2:Thereis_“f”and_“u”intheword“four”.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,anD.a,an,分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音ju:或ju前面用冠词a,u读时前面用冠词an。,2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：fef,heit,lel,nen,ra:,ses,xeks。Thereisan“

7、R”intheword.ThisisaEuropeancountry.European词首字母不发音,j是辅音音素。Thisisaone-eyeddog.onew是辅音音素。,例3:-Whynottake_friendwithyou?-Thats_goodidea.A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a,分析：使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。,例4:Takethemedicinethreetimes_day.A.aB.theC.anD./,分析：使用不定冠词表示单位，fiftymilesanhour意为“每小时50公里”，twiceaweek意为“每周两次

8、”。,例5:Englishis_language.Itis_importanttool.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,/,分析：alanguage意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。,例6:_steelworkermakessteel.A./B.AC.ThisD.That,分析：a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中asteelworker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式：Abikeisslowerthanacar.Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.Bikesareslowerthancars.,例7:Tomhas_highfevera

9、ndhismotherislookingafterhim.A.aB.theC.anD./,分析:表示生什么病前应用a,haveaheadache,haveacold。,例8:Marytakes_walkaftersuppereveryday.A.theB.aC./D.one,分析:give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。haveatalk(bath,look);makealiving(promise);takeaswim(walk,rest)giveatalk(whistle,smile),例9:Theoldwomanhad_fireinherroom

10、.A.theB./C.aD.this,分析:抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。Itisagreatjoytostudyatthiscollege.Thiskindofwoodcanmakeintoagoodpaper.Hemadealivingbysellingnewspaper.,例1:Thereis_bridgeovertheriver._bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,AB.a,TheC.the,TheD.the,A,分析:文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。Ihavealittlebird.Thebirdisyellow.,

11、定冠词的用法,例2:_oldworkersunderthattreearefromShanghai.A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That,分析：名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时,名词前应加the来表示特指。Theboyshereareinterestedinsports.,例3:_firstonesatdownandthesecondstoodup.A.TheB.AC.OneD.An,分析:序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Maryisthethirdtocomein.,例4:Winteris_coldestseasonoftheyear.A.aB.theC./D.so,分析:形容词最

12、高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加the。Maryistheonlygirlwhoisoftenlateforclass.,例5:_moonmovesaround_earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan_sun.A.The,the,theB.A,an,aC.The,an,theD.The,the,a,分析:定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。,例6:Welivein_southofChina.A.theB./C.aD.some,分析:表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。Thesunrisesintheeast.,例7:_brownsarewatchingTVa

13、thomeatthemoment.A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A,分析:the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,例8:Hewillgotoseeyouoffat_RailwayStation.A.aB.anC.theD./,分析:the普通名词构成专有名词。theUnitedStatestheUnitedNationsthePeoplesRepublicofChina,例9:Iwasplaying_pianoateightyesterdaymorning.A.aB./C.theD.this,分析:play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。Alicelikestopla

14、ytheviolinwhileKatelikestoplaytheflute.表示数量时可用a。Thisisanewpianoagainstthewall.,例10:Ourteachergetsupearlyin_morning.A.theB./C.aD.an,分析:牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。intheafternoon(evening)inthedaytimeatthebeginningintheend,例11:Thereisalargeshipin_middleoftheriver.A.aB./C.theD.any,分析:牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语

15、。ontheright(left)/inthefrontofinthemiddleofthemeeting/theforest/atthefootofthehill,例12:Lastnightwewentto_cinema.A.theB.aC./D.those,分析:牢记一些固定搭配：gototheconcert(theatre),例13:_youngshouldcareforandhelp_old.A.The,aB.The,theC.A,theD.An,an,分析:the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。thepoor/therich/thesick/thebeautiful,例14:

16、Thesmalltownlieson_YangtziRiver.A.aB.anC./D.the,分析:定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。theDeadSea/theBlackSeatheNorthChinaPlain华北平原,例1:Paperismadeof_bamboo.A.aB.theC./D.that,分析:物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Woodcanbemadeintochairsandtables.Ironisakindofmetal.,零冠词的用法,例2:_Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.That,

17、分析:表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Springiscoming.HewasborninDecember.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。HewasbornintheSummerof1964.,例3:Wehavenoclasses_Sundays.A.theB.theseC.D.those,分析:表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,例4:Istudies_Englishin_England.A./,/B.an,theC.an,anD./,the,分析:学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learnChinese(maths,physics,chemistry)

18、ChinaisinAsia.inGermany(Japan)inAfrica(Europe),例5:Theyoftentakeawalkin_HydePark.A.theB.aC./D.this,分析:在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。ChristmasDayNewyearsEveNationalDayChildrensDayTeachersDayWallStreet,例6:Thethiefwasthrowninto_prison.A.theB.aC.thisD./,分析:表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。,例7:Hedoesnthave_breakfastat

19、home.A.aB.theC.thisD./,分析:表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。haveabigsupper(nicelunch),例8:Wegotoworkby_bus.A./B.aC.theD.one,分析:表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。bybike(taxi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或bysea(water,air,land)如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。,例9:_runningisgood.A.TheB.AC./D.An,分析:动名词前一般不用冠词。Walkingo

20、nthemoonisdifficult.Seeingisbelieving.,例10:Theseboysplay_footballafterclass.A.aB.theC.thatD./,分析:球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,例11:Thestudentsof_GradeOnearehavingameeting.A.theseB./C.aD.an,分析:名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。turntopage3/thethirdpageLessonOne/thefirstlessongateFive/thefifthGate,例12:There

21、isno_bookonthedesk.A.theB.aC.anD./,分析:名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。如：nobooks,notabook,notanybooks,例13:Heoftenworkslateat_night.A./B.theC.aD.all,分析：表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。athome,intown,atnoon,atdaybreak,introuble,indanger,infact等。,注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)attable在吃饭atthetable在

22、桌子旁2)inclass在上课intheclass在班级中,3)gotoschool去上学gototheschool到那所学校去4)gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed到床那边去5)infrontof在的前面inthefrontof在的前部,1.表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。3.表示单位。4.表示“一类”。,不定冠词的用法,Summary,1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a/an。下次再出现此名词时。2.名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时。3.序数词前表示顺序时。4.形容词最高级前及only

23、修饰的名词前。5.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,6.表示东、南、西、北方的名词前7.姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。8.the普通名词构成专有名词。9.play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。10.the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。11.定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。,1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。2.表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。3.表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。4.学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。5.在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。6.表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的

24、部门时，名词前不加冠词。7.表示三餐的名词前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,8.表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。9.动名词前一般不用冠词。10.球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。12.表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。,英语分数的表示法：用“基数词序数词”表示，其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。Twothirdsofthestudentsh

25、avepassedtheexam.三分之二的学生考试及格了。,注意：12不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。14和34可以说a（one）fourth和threefourths，但常用aquarter和threequarters表示。若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。Abouttwothirdsofthestudentsattendthemeeting大约23的学生都参加了会议。,在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：,6，500，431，729,hundred

26、,thousand,million,billion,注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。,大数字的表达方法,6，500，431，729,sevenhundredandtwenty-nine,thousand,million,billion,sixbillion,fivehundredmillion,fourhundredandthirty-onethousand,hundred,Workinpairs.Matchthecountrieswiththeirpopulations.,ChinatheUSAustraliaNewZealand,4,437,00022,956,000314,

27、791,0001,370,537,000,Readyouranswerstothewholeclass.Chinahasapopulationof,Nowlistenandcheck.,1,2,Readthechartandanswerthequestions.,3,1.Whichcityhadthelargestpopulationin2000?2.Whichcityspopulationwillincreasethemostfrom2000to2025?,Tokyohadthelargestpopulationin2000.,Mumbaispopulationwillincreasethe

28、mostfrom2000to2025.,3.Whichcitywillhavealargerincreaseinitspopulation,NewYorkorMexicoCity?4.Whichcity/citiesdoyouthinkwillhavethebiggestpopulationproblem?Why?,MexicoCitywillhavealargerincreaseinitspopulation.,IthinkMumbaiwillhavethebiggestpopulationproblembecauseitspopulationwillincreasethefastest.,

29、Minais(1)_eighteen-year-oldgirl.Shehasgot(2)_brotherand(3)_sister.Minais(4)_oldestchildin(5)_family.Shelivesin(6)_verybigcity.Shehas(7)_jobin(8)_hotel.Shehopesthatonedayshewillhave(9)_chancetogoto(10)_college.,Completethepassage,witha,anorthewherenecessary.,an,a,a,the,the,a,a,a,a,/,4,Completethesent

30、enceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.,5,fewgoodmuchsmall,1.WebelievetheschoolsinArnwickareverygood,andweareworkingtomakethemeven_.,better,2.Theirflatistoolargefortwopeople.Theywanttofinda_one.3.Annaalwaystalksaboutherideas.Ithinksheneedstolisten_.4.Therearealotofparksinthiscity.Ithinkthereare_p

31、arksinalotofothercities.,smaller,more,fewer,Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.,countrysidepollutionpopulationspacetraffic,7,Ourworldisfacingmanyproblems.Twoofthebiggestareincreasingpopulationandpollution.,The(1)_oftheworldisincreasingquickly.Whyisthishappening?Becausemorebabiesareborneveryyeara

32、ndpeoplealsolivelonger.Manypeopleareleavingthe(2)_toworkinthecities,butthereisnotenough(3)_forsomanypeople.,population,space,countryside,Anotherhugeproblemfortheworldis(4)_.Thereissomuch(5)_ontheroadthatinsomecitiestheairisheavilypolluted.Weshouldworkhardertoprotectourworld.,pollution,traffic,Review

33、,复习定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法。复习大数字的表达方法。,Makingagraph,Moduletask:,Step1:Workingroups.Preparetomakeyourgraph.,Chooseacountryortownwhichinterestsyou.Itcouldbeyourhometown.Decidethepointsoftimeyouwanttolookatforexample,now,tenyearsagoandtenyearsfromnow.Researchthepopulationofyourplaceinthoseyears.Writeyournotesc

34、arefully.,Step2:Makeyourgraph.Decidehowyouwanttomakeyourgraph.Drawitandcolourit.Youcanalsomakeitonthecomputer.Labelitclearly.Step3:Writeaparagraphtodescribeyourgraph.,注:word文档点击此处链接,1.Theresnoairorwateron_moon.2._YellowRiveris_secondlongestriverin_China.3.Mymotherboughtme_verynicebike.Ilike_bikevery

35、much.4.XiaoMinglikesplaying_basketball,buthedoesntlikeplaying_piano.,the,The,the,a,the,/,the,/,Quiz,I.填入正确的冠词。,5.Thestudentsdonthaveclassesin_afternoonon_Saturday.6.IoftenwatchTVin_evening.7.Letsgooutfor_walk.8.Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch,_coffeeor_milk?,the,/,the,a,/,/,II.用英语“读”出下列数字。如：485fourhundreda

36、ndeighty-five1.8462.4,5173.59,2484.8,326,0005.9,368,600,000,eighthundredandforty-six,fourthousand,fivehundredandseventeen,fifty-ninethousand,twohundredandforty-eight,eightmillion,threehundredandtwenty-sixthousand,ninebillion,threehundredandsixty-eightmillion,sixhundredthousand,Summarizewhatwehavelearntinthismoduleandpreviewthenext.,Homework,Preview,TopreviewthenewwordsofnextmoduleTosearchsomeinformationaboutweather,Thankyou.,