半导体物理基础知识ppt课件.ppt
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1、电子线路:指包含电子器件、并能对电 信号实现某种处理的功能电路。,概 述,电路组成:电子器件 + 外围电路,电子器件:二极管、三极管、场效应管、 集成电路。,外围电路:直流电源、电阻、电容、 电流源电路等。,Notation,Notation,Notation,2.1 Introduction,A diodes is a two-terminal semiconductor device. It offers a low resistance on order of m in one direction and a high resistance on order of G in other
2、direction .A diode permits an easy current flow in only one direction,2.1 Introduction,Ideal diode,2.2 Ideal Diodes,Forward biasd:,Short circuit,2.2 Ideal Diodes,Reverse biased:,Open circuit,Example 2.1,Application as a diode OR logic function :,If both inputs have 0V(logic 0)Both diodes will be off
3、 ,and the output Vcwill be 0V,if either VA,VB is high (+5V), Vc will be high (+5V).,Example 2.1,Application as a diode AND logic function :,If input VA,VB,or both is 0V,the corresponding Diode will conduct,and the output voltage will be 0V.if both input are high,both diodes will be reverse biased ,a
4、nd the output voltage will be high.,Example 2.3,Example 2.3,2.3 Transfer Characteristic of Diode Circuits,The transfer characteristic of a circuit is the relationship between the output voltage and the input voltage.,2.3 Transfer Characteristic of Diode Circuits,2.3 Transfer Characteristic of Diode
5、Circuits,2.3 Transfer Characteristic of Diode Circuits,2.4 Practical Diodes,概 述,晶体二极管结构及电路符号:,PN结正偏(P接+、N接-),D导通。,晶体二极管的主要特性:单方向导电特性,PN结反偏(N接+、P接-) ,D截止。,即,主要用途:用于整流、开关、检波电路中。,半导体:导电能力介于导体与绝缘体之间的物质。,2.4.1 半导体物理基础知识,硅 ( Si ) 、锗 ( Ge ) 原子结构及简化模型:,硅和锗的单晶称为本征半导体。它们是制造半导体器件的基本材料。,硅和锗共价键结构示意图:,2.4.2 本征半导体



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