初中情态动词ppt课件.pptx

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1、情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语,情态动词用法归纳,Evelyn Jing,You mustnt take pictures of mine!你不能给我拍照！,You should wash your hands every day.,You had better go to the doctor.,You mustnt take pictures of mine!You should wash your hands every day.You had better go to the doctor.,什么是情态动词,定义：表示说话人的态度和看法原则：1.不

2、能单独使用，后面要接动词原形（do）构成谓语2.没有人称和数的变化,情态动词,情态动词（Modal verbs）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),情态动词的含义和特征,它只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要，可能，意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有

3、以下特征：1） 在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could，would，had to ，was（或were）to，might 等几个过去式，其他如must，ought to 等的过去式皆与现在式同型。2） 在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可表“能够”“可能”“允许”等。3） 在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，后面须接动词原型，构成谓语动词。,委婉请求,may might can could1._I come in?2._I borrow some money?3._I help you?4._you please help me?,情态动词“can”和“may”的区别,

4、can可以用来表示一个人做某事或谈论任何可能性的能力。“能够”may习惯于接受或给予他人许可。“可以”can和may用来寻求或获得许可，但是may更常见和正式。一般来说，我们使用单词can来非正式地询问某些东西。may可用于正式要求或允许某事。could比can更委婉might比may更委婉,委婉请求,may might can could1._I come in?2._I borrow some money?3._I help you?4._you please help me?,May,Might,Can,Could,委婉请求,1.-May I come in?-Yes,you can.2

5、.-Might I borrow some money?-No,you may not.3.-Can I help you? -Yes,please./-Thanks, but i can manage it.4.Could you please help me? -Yes,with pleasure. -Sorry,I cant.You had better try to ask someone else.,1.-Mum,_I play outside with my friends?-Yes,you can,but you have to finish your homework firs

6、t.A.would B.must C.may D.need2.Can I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course,you_.A.can B.must C.may D.should,1.-Mum,_I play outside with my friends?-Yes,you can,but you have to finish your homework first.A.would B.must C.may D.need2.Can I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course,you_.A.can B.must C.may D.

7、should,表能力,can 表能力，能，会（=be able to),I can swim.I cant fly.I could do this when I was young.Ill be able to go swimming this afternoon.,表能力,can 表能力，能，会（=be able to),I can swim.I cant fly.I could do this when I was young.Ill be able to go swimming this afternoon.,can只有一般现在和一般过去式（could）be able to时态更多，有将

8、来，过去完成等时态,2.-_you play golf?-No.But I can play table tennis.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should3.Work hard and you_enter your dreaming university one day.A.can B.could C.is able to D.will be able to,2.-_you play golf?-No.But I can play table tennis.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should3.Work hard and you_enter your d

9、reaming university one day.A.can B.could C.is able to D.will be able to,命令禁止,must have to mustnt dont have to,命令禁止,must have to mustnt dont have to1.He is my best friend,so I_help him.2.He_get to school before 8 oclock.3.We_sleep in class.4.We_arrive so early.,命令禁止,must have to mustnt dont have to1.

10、He is my best friend,so I_help him.2.He_get to school before 8 oclock.3.We_sleep in class.4.We_arrive so early.,must,has to,mustnt,dont have to,命令禁止,must 必须，一定，表达说话人的主观看法have to 不得不，强调客观需要mustnt 禁止，不准，绝对不可以dont have to 没必要,4.-Mum,can I wear my jeans to school?-No,you_wear your shool uniform.Thats th

11、e school rule.A.can B.cant C.have to D.may,4.-Mum,can I wear my jeans to school?-No,you_wear your shool uniform.Thats the school rule.A.can B.cant C.have to D.may,表推测,1.It cant be2.It may/might be3.It must be,Guess！,表推测,1.It cant be2.It may/might be3.It must be,Guess！,表推测,1.It cant be2.It may/might

12、be3.It must be,Guess！,表推测,1.It cant be.2.It may/might be.3.It must be.4.It is a cat!,Guess！,一定不：cant 完全否定的猜测,可能：may,might,可能不：may not,might not,一定：must 完全肯定的猜测,5.-I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she would go there.-No.She_be there.I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wo

13、uldnt6.You_be hungry now because you dont eat anything today.A.can B.must C.need D.might,5.-I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she would go there.-No.She_be there.I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt6.You_be hungry now because you dont eat anything today.A.can B.mu

14、st C.need D.might,情实共存-need可以当情态动词也可以当实义动词,I neednt help him do his homework.He needs to do his.,情态动词,肯定：need/dare do,否定：need+not / dare+not do,实意动词,肯定：need/dare to do,否定：dont need/dare to do,无三单变化后面+do否定后加not,有三单变化后面+to do否定用助动词,need的用法,1)实义动词,意为需要；必要,后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式等作宾语。注意need doing表示被动意义,相当于need

15、 to be done。例如：I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. 我需要一本词典,因此我要去趟书店。How often does your hair need washing(need to be washed)? 你的头发需要多久洗一次？need to do sth 需要做某事（实义动词）当need为实义动词，需要的意思时，后面接动词不定式，即need to do sth 需要做某事。疑问句时Did sb. need to do sth.?,need的用法,2) 情态动词,通常用于疑问句和否定句中,后接动词原形。这时n

16、eed没有人称和数的变化,也没有时态的变化。例如：Its only eight oclock. Need you go so early? 才八点。你需要去这么早吗？You neednt tell him about it as I have told him. 你不必跟他说那件事,我已经告诉他了。need do sth 必须做某事（情态动词）1. 情态动词不能用助动词(did)提问，直接把情态动词提前。-Need I go to school?-Yes,you must. 2. 情态动词后面加动词原形（do）,3) neednt do与neednt have done的区别：两者都表示不必做

17、.neednt do表示现在或将来不必做；neednt have done表示过去(本来)不必做(而事实上已经做了)。You neednt carry the desks out of the classroom when you clean the classroom. 你打扫教室时不必把桌子搬到教室外。You neednt have bought such a big TV as it takes too much room. 你本来不必买这么大的电视,它占据的空间太大了(而事实上已经买了)。,need的用法,7.-_you go home at night by yourself?It

18、is dark!A.Can B.Dare C.May D.should8.Did he need_then?A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left,7.-_you go home at night by yourself?It is dark!A.Can B.Dare C.May D.should8.Did he need_then?A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left,肯否不一,1.May/Might I borrow some money?,Yes,you can.,No,you cant/mustnt.,含义： 可以（表请

19、求）肯否回答：肯定回答：Yes,you can. 否定回答：No,you cant.【mustnt情理不容】过去式： might（一般疑问句中表示委婉语气）,肯否不一,2.Can/Could I open the door?,Yes,you can.,No,you cant.,含义： 可以（表请求）can可以与could,may,might互换肯否回答：could问，can答,肯否不一,3.Must I do my homework now?,Yes,you must.,No,you neednt/dont have to.,含义： 必须mustnt： 禁止肯否回答：肯定回答：Yes,you

20、must. 否定回答：No,you neednt/dont have to.,9.-_I pay for the food?-No,you neent.It is free.A.Must B.Can C.May D.Shall,9.-_I pay for the food?-No,you neent.It is free.A.Must B.Can C.May D.Shall,表建议,1.Would you like to have lunch with me?would you like to do你想要做某事吗2.Would you mind not smoking here?would y

21、ou mind （not）doing你介意(不要)做某事吗3.Would you please show me the way?would you please do可以请你做某事吗,情态动词加have done,must have done过去一定做了某事，根据must的本意即可推敲出意思，比较好理解。The lights were out. They must have been asleep. 灯灭了，他们应该睡觉了。should have done本该做某事却没做，should是应该，结果是没做某事。You should have finished your homework.你本应该

22、做完了家庭作业的。shouldnt have done本不该做某事却做了，shouldnt是不应该，结果是做了某事。You shouldnt have cheated in the exam.你本不应该考试作弊。,情态动词加have done,would have done本想做但并未做，would是想、愿意，结果是没做。I would have finished my homework.could have done字面意思是可能已经做了某事，也可用作本能做却没做某事，结果是没做。You could have reviewed, but you played games all night.你本可以复习的，但你一晚上都在玩游戏。couldnt have done不可能做过,情态动词加have done,neednt have done不必做某事但却做了，结果是做了。You neednt have done all the work by yourself, we were going to help you.你本不需要独自完成所有的工作，我们打算帮助你的。might have done也许已经做了某事，字面理解即可。,给建议：shouldought tohad better,THANKS,单击此处添加副标题内容,