八年级下课外古诗词诵读ppt课件.ppt

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1、课外古诗词诵读,式微 诗经邶风子衿 诗经郑风送杜少府之任蜀州 王勃望洞庭湖赠张丞相 孟浩然,式微,式微：天黑了。式：语气助词。胡：为什么。微君：(如果)不是君主。微：(如果)不是。中露：即露中，露水中。躬：身体。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

2、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

3、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,式微,式微式微，胡不归？,天黑了天黑了，为什么还不回家？,微君之故，胡为乎中露？,如果不是为君主，何以还在露水中？,式微式微，胡不归？,天黑了天黑了，为什么还不回家？,微君之躬，胡为乎泥中？,如果不是为了养活你们，何以还在泥浆中！,诗经邶风,这是一首劳役者的悲歌，以咏叹的方式、质问的语气，直抒胸臆，堪称“饥者歌其食，芳者歌其事”的经典之作。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

4、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

5、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,重章换字，押韵和谐。体现了一唱三叹、余味无

6、穷的特色。体现了诗经精巧凝练的语言，兼有长短的句式，节奏感强。式微诗短短32个字，就包含了三言、四言和五言等多种变化，工整与灵活相整合，参差错落，能极力地表达主人公,思想感情的起伏。而其句式的选择又是随着诗的内容和思想感情而灵活变化的，增强了诗的节奏感。总之，式微运用语言的艺术，非但韵律和谐优美，而且用词精巧。,子衿,子：男子的美称。 衿：衣领。悠悠：深思的样子。 宁(nn)：岂，难道。嗣(s)音：继续通音信。嗣：继续。挑(to)兮达(t)兮：即挑达，往来相见的样子。城阙：城门两边的高台。,子衿,青青子衿，悠悠我心。,青青的是你的衣领，悠悠的是我的心境。,纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？,纵然我不曾去会

7、你，难道你就此断音信？,青青子佩，悠悠我思。,青青的是你的佩带，悠悠的是我的情怀。,诗经郑风,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

8、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

9、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,纵我不往，子宁不来？,纵然我不曾去会你，难道你不能主动来？,挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。,我来回踱着步子呵，在这高高城楼上啊。,一日不见，如三月兮！,一天不见你的面呵，好像已有三月长啊！,这首诗写一个女子在城楼上等候她的恋人，表现了这位热恋中的女子焦急不安、情深意切的真挚感情。,全诗五十字不到，但女主人公等待恋人时的焦灼万分的情状宛然如在眼前。这种艺术效果的获得，在于诗人在创作中运用了大量的心理描写。诗中表现这个女子的动作行为仅用“挑”“达”二字，主要笔墨都用在刻画心理活动，如前两章对恋人既全无音信、又不见影

10、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

11、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

12、,儿的埋怨，末章“一日不见，如三月兮”的独白。两段埋怨之辞，以“纵我”与“子宁”对举，急盼之情中不无矜持之态，令人生出无限想象，可谓字少而意多。末尾的内心独白，则通过夸张修辞技巧，造成主观时间与客观时间的反差，从而将其强烈的情绪心理形象地表现了出来，可谓因夸以成状，沿饰而得奇。,相鼠,相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？相鼠有齿，人而无止！人而无止，不死何俟？相鼠有体，人而无礼，人而无礼！胡不遄死？,注释1.相；视。2.仪：威仪，指人的举止作风大方正派而言，具有尊严的行为外表。3.何为：为何，为什么。4.止：假借为“耻”，廉耻。5.俟：等。“6.体：肢体。7.礼：礼仪，指知礼仪，或指有教养

13、。8.胡：何，为何，为什么，怎么。9.遄：快，赶快。,看那老鼠有张皮，却见有人没威仪。却见有人没威仪，为何还活不倒毙！看那老鼠有牙齿，却见有人无廉耻。却见有人无廉耻，活着不死等何时！看那老鼠有肢体，却见有人不懂礼。却见有人不懂礼，何不赶快去断气！,读解鼠辈是丑陋的，令人厌恶的。中国人想出了众多词语来表达对鼠辈的厌恶感，比如贼眉鼠眼，鼠头鼠脑，鼠目寸光，老鼠过街人人喊打等等。可见老鼠是为人所不齿的。 用老鼠来说明讲礼仪守规矩的重要，把最丑的丑类同要庄严对待的礼仪相提并论，是极而言之。强烈的反差可以造成使人震惊的效果，而且还有一层特殊的幽默色彩，仿佛是告诉人们：,你看看，你看看，连鼠辈这么丑陋的东

14、西看上去都像模像样，形容虽然猥琐，可也是皮毛俱全啊！瞧它的小样儿，有胳膊有腿，有鼻子有眼睛，竟也无可挑剔！于是，鼠辈就成了一面镜子，让不讲礼貌、不守礼仪的人从鼠身上照见自己。,无衣（秦风） p4岂曰无衣？与子同袍。王于兴师，修我戈矛，与子同仇。岂曰无衣？与子同 。王于兴师，修我 ，与子 。,泽,矛戟,岂曰无衣？与子同 。王于兴师，修我 ，与子 。,裳,甲兵,偕行,偕作,背景简介,秦风无衣是一首秦国人民抗击西戎入侵的气势雄壮、激昂豪迈的出征歌。 秦国与居住在我国西北部的西戎接壤，他们经常发生战争。从秦国方面来看，这次战争具有保家卫国的正义性质，诗中表现出了秦国人民同仇敌忾、踊跃参军，奋勇出征的爱

15、国热情和精神。,重章叠唱,递 进,（统一思想）,（统一行动）,（统一征战）,同袍戈矛同仇同泽矛戟偕作同裳甲兵偕行,秦国人民抗击西戎入侵的军中战歌,团结友爱不计困难,积极响应齐心备战,同仇敌忾勇赴战场,主题：,表现了秦国人民团结友爱、同仇敌忾、英勇抗敌的昂扬斗志和爱国精神,课外古诗词诵读,式微 诗经邶风子衿 诗经郑风送杜少府之任蜀州 王勃望洞庭湖赠张丞相 孟浩然,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

16、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

17、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,送杜少府之任蜀州,王勃(649676)，字子安，绛州龙门(今山西万荣)人，初唐四杰之一。他很小的时候就写得一手好文辞，有“神童”之称。代表作送杜少府之任蜀州滕王阁序等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

19、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,少府：县尉的别称。 之：到，往。蜀州：今四川崇州。 城阙：指长安。

20、辅：辅卫。 三秦：指关中地区。项羽灭秦后，把秦故地分封给秦国的三名降将，故称“三秦”。五津：指岷江上的五个渡口，即白华津、万里津、江首津、涉头津、江南津。这里代指蜀山。,宦游：出外做官。海内：全国各地。古人认为陆地的四周都为大海所包围，所以称天下为四海之内。比邻：近邻。 无为：无须，不必。 歧路：岔路口。 沾巾：泪贴手巾，指挥泪告别。,送杜少府之任蜀州,城阙辅三秦，,三秦辅卫着长安，,风烟望五津。,你要奔赴的蜀地，却是一片风烟迷茫。,王 勃,与君离别意，,离别时，不由得生出无限的感慨，,同是宦游人。,你我都是远离故土，在仕途上奔走的游子。,海内存知己，,人世间只要是志同道合的朋友，,天涯若比邻

21、。,即使远在天涯，也似在身边。,无为在歧路，,不要在分手时徘徊忧伤，,儿女共沾巾。,像多情的儿女一样，任泪水打湿衣裳。,这首诗通过写与好友分别的情景，慰勉友人勿在离别时悲伤，表现了诗人高远的志向、豁达的胸怀。,这首诗是送别的名作。诗意慰勉友人勿在离别之时悲哀。起句严整对仗，三、四句以散调承之，以实转虚，文情跌宕。第三联“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，奇峰突起，高度地概括了“友情深厚，江山难阻”的情景，伟词自铸，传之千古，有,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

22、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

23、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,口皆碑。尾联点出“送”的主题。 全诗开合顿挫，气脉流通，意境旷达。一洗古送别诗中的悲凉凄怆之情，音调爽朗，清新高远，独树碑石。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

24、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

25、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,望洞庭湖赠张丞相,孟浩然(689740)，唐代著

26、名诗人。襄阳(今属湖北)人，唐代诗人，世称“孟襄阳”。和王维齐名，并称“王孟”。代表作有过故人庄春晓等。,张丞相：指张九龄(678740)，唐玄宗时为相。 涵虚：指水映天空。 虚：天空。混太清：与天空浑然一体。太清：天空。 云梦泽：古代大湖，在洞庭湖北面。撼：撼动。 济：渡。端居：闲居、平常家居。圣明：指太平盛世。 坐观：坐视，旁观。,望洞庭湖赠张丞相,八月湖水平，,秋水大涨，几乎与岸平，,孟浩然,涵虚混太清。,水天含混迷茫，水与天空浑然一体。,气蒸云梦泽，,云梦大泽水气蒸腾白茫茫，,波撼岳阳城。,波涛汹涌似乎把岳阳城撼动。,欲济无舟楫，,我想渡湖却没有船只，,端居耻圣明。,闲居在家，却又因有

27、负太平盛世而感到羞愧。,坐观垂钓者，,闲坐观看别人辛勤临河垂钓，,徒有羡鱼情。,只能白白地产生羡鱼之情了。,此诗是一首投赠之作，诗人通过面临烟波浩淼的洞庭欲渡无舟的感叹，以及临渊而羡鱼的情怀，曲折地表达了希望张九龄给予援引之意，表现了诗人积极进取的人生态度。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

28、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作为投赠之作，诗人却没有直说。诗的前四句写洞庭湖壮丽的景象和磅礴的气势，后四句是借此抒发自己的政治热情和希望。首先点明时令，时值“八月”，湖水泛溢，可见当年秋汛汹涌，一个“平”字，可见湖水涨漫，已溢出堤岸，造成湖水与湖岸相平的景象。一个“蒸”字，一个“撼”字，力重千钧，自然的湖泊一下子具有了自觉的意识，,静态的景物由此取得了飞扬的动势，足

30、见其非凡的艺术表现力和撼人心魄的艺术效果。诗歌后面四句，转入抒情。“欲济无舟楫”，触景兴怀，就近设喻。诗人面对浩浩湖水，想到自己满怀壮志，却无人知赏，不禁悲从中来。“端居耻圣明”，意谓在这个伟大光明的太平盛世，自己却是闲居无聊。这两句是正式向张丞相表白心志，,说明自己心向神往出仕求官，却找不到门路。最后两句，诗人借了谚语来暗喻自己有出来创一番事业的愿望，只怕没有人引荐，所以这里说“徒有”。“钓鱼者”暗指当政掌权的人物，其实是专指张丞相而言。,夏日南亭怀辛大,孟浩然,山光忽西落 ，池月渐东上。 散发乘夕凉 ，开轩卧闲敞。 荷风送香气 ，竹露滴清响。 欲取鸣琴弹 ，恨无知音赏。 感此怀故人 ，中宵

31、劳梦想。,山光：傍山的日影。,池月：池边的月色。,东上：从东面升起。,开轩：开窗。,卧闲敞：躺在幽静宽敞的地方。,恨：遗憾。,劳：苦于。,中宵：整夜,梦想：想念,夏日南亭怀辛大,山光忽西落 ，池月渐东上。 散发乘夕凉 ，开轩卧闲敞。荷风送香气 ，竹露滴清响。欲取鸣琴弹 ，恨无知音赏。感此怀故人 ，中宵劳梦想。,孟浩然,夕阳西下与素月东升，为纳凉设景。,沐后纳凉，表现闲情适意。,纳凉的真实感受。,由境界清幽想到弹琴，想到“知音”、从纳凉过渡到怀人 。,希望友人能在身边共度良宵而生梦。,在于它们不但传达出夕阳西下与素月东升给人实际的感觉（一快一慢）而且，“夏日”可畏而“忽”落，明月可爱而“渐”起，

32、只表现出一种心理的快感。,写夏夜水亭纳凉的清爽闲适,表达对友人的怀念,荷风送香气，竹露滴清响。,佳句赏析：,诗人从嗅觉、听觉两方面写这种快感：“荷风送香气，竹露滴清响。”荷花的香气清淡细微，所以“风送”时闻;竹露滴在池面其声清脆，所以是“清响”。滴水可闻，细香可嗅，使人感到此外更无声息。诗句表达的境界宜乎“一时叹为清绝”(沈德潜唐诗别裁)。写荷以“气”，写竹以“响”，而不及视觉形象，恰是夏夜给人的真切感受。,在艺术手法上，这首诗还有如下几个特点：一是白描，开头“山光忽西落，池月渐东上”简笔勾勒出了一个恬静可人的月夜图。二是重细节，重衬托，如“荷风送香气，竹露滴清响”反衬出人的寂寞。三重含蓄，言

33、有尽而意无止。如最后两句“感此怀故人，终宵劳梦想”句，作者如何怀人，心情怎样难受，心态如何变化，这都留给了读者。,滕王阁滕王高阁临江渚，佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞。画栋朝飞南浦云，珠帘暮卷西山雨。闲云潭影日悠悠，物换星移几度秋。阁中帝子今何在？槛外长江空自流。,1、滕王阁什么特点？作者借此抒发 了怎样的感慨？2、颔联珠帘卷雨好理解，但画栋能 飞吗？“朝”和“暮”是实指吗？ 这两句说的是什么意思？3、此诗哪些词语是空间上的描写？ 哪些是时间上的描写？作者是如 何进行时空的转换的？,滕王高阁临江渚,高耸,寂寞,这首诗借滕王阁昔盛今衰的描写,抒发了一种时光易逝,盛衰无常的感慨,同时也似乎流露出一种时不我待,应及

34、时奋发的认识。,画栋朝飞南浦云，珠帘暮卷西山雨。,点出了滕王阁的形势故址在今江西,下临赣江，可以远望，可以俯视,所谓“画栋朝飞南浦云”是:只能与朝飞南浦之云为伴。,“朝”和“暮”是对举,修辞上叫互文,所以理解的时候不要拆开来。理解为:画栋和珠帘每天早晨和傍晚只能有飞往南浦的云和西山雨为伴。,.,它表明了昔日热闹的滕王阁今日的冷落和寂寞,属于空间的有高阁、江渚、画栋、珠帘、云、雨、潭影；属于时间的有日悠悠、物换、星移、几度秋、今何在，这些词融混在一起，毫无架空的感觉。,诗人前四句先从空间上形象的描写了滕王阁的冷落与寂寞,但是诗人尚感意犹未尽,继续从时间上强调其冷落的久远,“闲云潭影日悠悠，物换星移几度秋”,日悠悠和几度秋,都强调了时间流逝之久。因此就很自然的想到修建此阁滕王,他哪里去了呢?此处只剩下栏杆外的赣江水永不停息的流淌了。又由时间转换空间的描写。,“佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞”一说是描写当年滕王与其宾客在滕王阁的盛会,一说是描写王勃所参加的宴会,你赞同哪种观点？说说你的理由。,各抒己见,