口腔医学英语讲义课件.ppt
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1、The Development and Component of a Tooth,Unit 4,口腔医学英语讲义课件,1,The Development and Component,口腔医学英语讲义课件,2,口腔医学英语讲义课件2,口腔医学英语讲义课件,3,口腔医学英语讲义课件3,The Development and Component of a Tooth,口腔医学英语讲义课件,4,A tooth and its surroundingsCo,Component of a Tooth,Dentine,Enamel,Cementum,Pulp,Mineralized Tissue,口腔医学英
2、语讲义课件,5,Component of a ToothDentineEna,96%97% inorganic material 无机物(chiefly hydroxyapatite 羟基磷灰石),1% organic material 有机物釉原蛋白、非釉原蛋白、蛋白酶和脂类引导釉质晶体生长、粘结晶体和釉质作用,Enamel (The hardest and most highly calcified biological tissue known),Enamel Ectodermal origin 来源于外胚层,3%4% water结合水和游离水,口腔医学英语讲义课件,6,96%97% i
3、norganic material 无机物,Enamel,Millions of rods/prisms 釉柱Enamel rodsFrom enamel-dentinal junction 釉牙本质界To tooth surface,向窝沟底部集中,呈放射状,在牙颈部排列成水平状,口腔医学英语讲义课件,7,EnamelMillions of rods/prisms,Enamel rods,Composed of apatite crystals 磷灰石晶体Mainly hydroxyapatite 羟基磷灰石Rod sheath 釉柱鞘Controversial 有争议的Higher con
4、tent of organic material 有机物Different crystal orientation 晶体排列方向,球拍样,口腔医学英语讲义课件,8,Enamel rodsComposed of apatite,70% inorganic material磷灰石晶体、微量元素,18% organic materialI型胶原蛋白、非胶原蛋白,Dentine( The 2nd most highly mineralized tissue ),Dentine,12% water,口腔医学英语讲义课件,9,70% inorganic material18% orga,Dentinal
5、tubules,From pulpTo enamel-dentinal junction 釉牙本质界Wide in the pulp side Narrow in the enamel side,口腔医学英语讲义课件,10,Dentinal tubulesFrom pulp口腔医学英,Inorganic material 65%,Organic material(collagen 胶原 18%,Cementum,Cementum,Water 12%,口腔医学英语讲义课件,11,Inorganic material 65%Orga,Similar to bone differenceNo vas
6、cularity(血管 )Contain cementocytes(成牙骨质细胞),口腔医学英语讲义课件,12,Similar to bone口腔医学英语讲义课件12,Pulp,口腔医学英语讲义课件,13,PulpConnective tissue 结缔组织Nerv,Odontoblast 成牙本质细胞,位于牙髓周围,呈柱状紧接前期牙本质排列成一层主要功能:形成牙本质,口腔医学英语讲义课件,14,Odontoblast 成牙本质细胞位于牙髓周围,呈柱状紧接,小结,Each tooth has four main parts, including the following:enamel - t
7、he outer layer of the tooth. dentin - the inner layer and the main part of the tooth. cementum- only found on the underside of the tooth.pulp - part of the inside of the tooth that contains the nerve and other delicate tissue.,口腔医学英语讲义课件,15,小结Each tooth has four main par,A tooth and its surroundings
8、,口腔医学英语讲义课件,16,A tooth and its surroundings口腔,Periodontium 牙周组织Maintain a tooth in its functional position 支持牙的功能,口腔医学英语讲义课件,17,Periodontium 牙周组织Maintain a,Gingiva 牙龈,Mucosa which surrounds the teeth Free gingiva 游离龈 Attached gingiva 附着龈 Interdental papilla 龈乳头牙龈上皮gingival epithelium 龈沟上皮salcular ep
9、ithelium 结合上皮junctional epithelium 龈谷上皮固有层: 胶原纤维神经、血管,口腔医学英语讲义课件,18,Gingiva 牙龈Mucosa which surroun,Free gingiva 游离龈,Terminal edge of gingiva 牙龈边缘Surrounds the tooth in collar fashionForms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus 龈沟(0.5-3mm平均1.8mm),口腔医学英语讲义课件,19,Free gingiva 游离龈Terminal edge,Attac
10、hed gingiva 附着龈,Continuous with the free gingiva By a shallow linear depression, the free gingiva groove 游离龈沟 Tightly bound (紧密附着)to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone(牙槽骨骨膜),口腔医学英语讲义课件,20,Attached gingiva 附着龈 Continuou,Surface stippling 点彩: increase abrasive resistance 增强对机械摩擦的抵抗,口腔医学英语讲义课件
11、,21,Surface stippling 点彩: increase,Interdental gingiva,Occupies the interproximal space beneath area of teeth contact 牙间隙Pyramidal (锥) or col (谷)shape,口腔医学英语讲义课件,22,Interdental gingivaOccupies th,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带,Also called periodontal membrane牙周膜Locates between alveolar bone and the rootS
12、upportive 支持功能主要纤维一端埋入牙骨质,一端埋入牙槽骨将牙固定在牙槽窝中组成:纤维、基质、细胞、血管,口腔医学英语讲义课件,23,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带Also,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带,主纤维:牙槽嵴组alveolar crest group起于牙槽嵴顶,止于釉牙骨质界下方的牙骨质将牙向牙槽窝内牵引,对抗侧方力,保持牙直立,口腔医学英语讲义课件,24,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带主纤维:口,水平组 horizontal group维持牙直立的主要力量与牙槽嵴纤维共同对抗侧方力,防止牙侧方移动,口腔医学英语
13、讲义课件,25,水平组 horizontal group口腔医学英语讲义课件,斜行组oblique group牙周膜中数量最多、力量最强的一组纤维向根方倾斜约45度这种结构可均匀分散咀嚼压力到牙槽骨上限制牙的转动,口腔医学英语讲义课件,26,斜行组oblique group口腔医学英语讲义课件26,根尖组apical group 固定牙根尖,保护进出根尖孔的血管和神经根间组interradicular group只存在于多根牙防止牙根向冠方移动,口腔医学英语讲义课件,27,根尖组apical group口腔医学英语讲义课件27,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带功能,Senso
14、ry 感觉动能丰富的神经和末梢感受器对疼痛和压力、轻叩和震动有敏锐的感觉通过神经系统的传导和反射调节和缓冲咀嚼力,口腔医学英语讲义课件,28,Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带功能Sen,Nutrition 营养作用 营养牙周膜本身,也营养牙骨质和牙槽骨Homeostatic 形成功能不断更新改建牙周膜保证牙和牙周膜的正常附着联系,口腔医学英语讲义课件,29,Nutrition 营养作用口腔医学英语讲义课件29,Alveolar bone,Also called alveolar process 牙槽突 Alveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨Dense bone
15、密质骨Cancellous bone 松质骨,口腔医学英语讲义课件,30,Alveolar boneAlso called alveo,Alveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨,Contains many small perforations 多孔 through which blood vessels and nerves reach the periodontal space血管和神经进入牙周膜Known as cribriform plate 筛状板,口腔医学英语讲义课件,31,Alveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨Cont,密质骨,牙槽骨的外表部分,即颌骨内、
16、外骨板的延伸部分厚度不一上颌牙槽骨唇面密质骨很薄,舌侧厚下颌牙槽骨密质骨比上颌厚,口腔医学英语讲义课件,32,密质骨牙槽骨的外表部分,即颌骨内、外骨板的延伸部分口腔医学英,松质骨,位于密质骨和固有牙槽骨之间由骨小梁trabecular和骨髓marrow组成骨小梁的粗细、数量和排列方向 与所承担的咀嚼力相关 承受较大咀嚼力的区域,骨小梁粗大致密 无功能的牙或承担咀嚼力小的牙,骨小梁细小,口腔医学英语讲义课件,33,松质骨位于密质骨和固有牙槽骨之间口腔医学英语讲义课件33,牙槽骨的生物学特性,高度可塑性 人体骨骼最活跃的部分 受压力被吸收,受牵引力增生正畸治疗 Orthodontic treatm
17、ent牵张成骨Distraction Osteogenesis,口腔医学英语讲义课件,34,牙槽骨的生物学特性高度可塑性口腔医学英语讲义课件34,小结,A tooth and its surroundings,Gingiva 牙龈,Mucosa which surrounds the teeth Free gingiva Attached gingiva Interdental papilla,Periodontal ligament,Alveolar bone,alveolar crest group,horizontal group,oblique group,apical group,i
18、nterradicular group,Alveolar bone properDense bone Cancellous bone,口腔医学英语讲义课件,35,小结A tooth and its surroundings,口腔医学英语讲义课件,36,口腔医学英语讲义课件36,Development of tooth,口腔医学英语讲义课件,37,Development of tooth口腔医学英语讲义课,Process,Beginning Finish Eruption Replacement胚胎第7周 20 岁Growth stage: (牙胚的形成和发育) Calcification: (
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