(专升本)名词冠词 代词ppt课件.ppt
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1、名词, 冠词,代词,读音规则-字母及字母组合的读音,1. 字母a 重读开音节中 ei take name spade capable wave 例外:have 重读闭音节中 lamp rat hand cap2. 字母组合 ai,ay 非重读音节中 i mountain Friday bargain 重读音节中 ei wait train play today,3. 字母ear 大多数情况i dear, fear, gear : research early learn heard e wear bear pear a: heart4. 字母ie 在词中 i: receive thief be
2、lieve 例外:friend e 重读音节词尾,die,tie,lie ai 5. 字母ea,6. 字母组合 oo 1)大多数情况 u: fool pool moon 2)字母d,k 之前: u hood hook wood 例外: foot food 3)少数情况 flood blood,7. 字母组合 gh 1) f laugh cough enough 2)在词尾多数情况不发音 high weigh though through8. 字母 th 1)实词中, thin,think,month,thing 2)虚词及部分代词, those,with,whether, therefore
3、注意: weather,both,9. ch t check choose church k chemical school stomach machine 10. tion 多数 n mention protection notion 少数 tn question suggestion digestion,名词的种类,个体,集体名词 可数名词 物质,抽象名词 不可数名词 document news wind information group people newspaper paper health year question plane time work job,名词的数,两袋大米 一
4、则消息五个星期一个人两个房间一些问题两块蛋糕四瓶啤酒,two bags of rice a piece of news five weeks a person/ a man two rooms some questions two pieces of cake four bottles of beer,数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词/ 可数名词复数,名词不规则变化,mouse - miceJapanese、Chinese复数不变Frenchman、Englishman、Dutchman等的复数把a改为eGerman、Russian、American、Indian、Italian、Ko
5、rean等复数加s复合名词:改变中心名词 a woman driver - two women drivers a man doctor - three men doctors,名词所有格,有生命的名词 s + 名词 Toms plan the teachers room Marys sister Jacks new car,2. 所有格s的特殊用法 定冠词 + 职业,称谓,姓氏 s = 地点名词 the Greens the barbers the dentists3. 时间,距离,国家,地区的名词也可用所有格of 表示所属关系的介词 名词 + of + 名词(无生命) 会议的主题 the
6、topic of the meeting 大楼的名字 the name of the building,双重所有格,双重所有格:of + 名词所有格s 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词,则用双重所有格来表示。 杰克的三个朋友 Jacks three friends 错误 three friends of Jacks 正确 three of Jacks friends 正确,名词在句中的作用,作主语:This new medicine can cure lung cancer.The lawyer is talking to his client.2. 及物动词vt. 或介词
7、之后,充当宾语 I havent received her letter yet. The manager is talking with the new staff.3. 表语(在系动词之后,如,be,become.) He is a new comer. My elder sister is a college teacher.,主谓一致,1) 重量金钱时间距离的量词以复数形式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数:is, was, 动词-s 形式 Ten years is too long for me. 400 yuan is too expensive for this coat.2) 就近
8、原则:either or/ neither nor/ not only but also, there be Not only you but also I like sports. Not only I but also Jack _ sports.,3) 就远原则:with, together with, as well as, like,1) The teacher, together with his students, _ going to visit the park. (be)2) There _ three books, a dictionary and a pen on th
9、e desk. (be) 注:None of / neither of + 主语+ 谓语动(第三人称单数is/does) None of us _ from Hubei. (come) Both she and I _ good at English. (be),冠词 the/ a/ an,一:不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。 an hour a university a party an important meeting an interesting story 1. an/a: 泛指,一个,一种
10、She is a good singer. They had a meeting just now,二:定冠词 the,用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,或者用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 。 e.g.: 请把门打开。 Open the door, please. 2. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 e.g.: January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。,3. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物。 the sky the world4. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 5. 表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the play
11、 the piano / guitar/ violin,6. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前(海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词)。 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the West Lake 西湖 China America7. 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the black 黑人 the old 老人 the young 年轻人,三:零冠词,1. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如e.g.: He is fond of reading novels.(the novel)2
12、. 专用名词、泛指的抽象名词和物质名词、人名前,不用冠词。 Europe 欧洲 wood 木头 Peter 3.月份、日期、季节、节日 4. 三餐和球类运动, 棋类游戏名词 have lunch/ supper play badminton5. 交通方式 by bike/ bus/ plane/ ship, on foot,We work five days _ week. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. _book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The; an B. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /3. We cant
13、 see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; /.D. the; the4. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ piano.A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; /5. Bill is _English teacher. He likes playing _ football.A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /,6. It took me _hour and _half to finish_ homework.
14、A. a, a, a B. an, an, the C. an, a ,the D. an, a,7. English is _ language. It is _ important tool.A. a ,a B. a, an C. the, an D. a , _girl in _Grade Three is _tallest in our school. A. The, the, the B. A, a, a C. The, , the D. A,a 9. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 10.This is _interest
15、ing story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an,代词,一. 人称代词:主格(主语), 宾格(宾语) 主格代词的位置:句首,动词(be)之前 宾格代词的位置:动词(be)/介词之后e.g.: 她在等他。 _ is waiting for _. 他说他明天来看我们。 _ said _ would come to see _.,(二)物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词+ 名词 名词性物主代词(用于省略上文中提到的名词) = 名词 1. My bag is blac
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