X线摄影基础理论课件.ppt
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1、X线物理基础,江汉大学卫生技术学院医学影像系,X线物理基础江汉大学卫生技术学院,X线物理基础,X线的产生X线产生的原理X线的本质与特性X线与物质相互作用X线质、X线量与X线强度X线的吸收与衰减,X线物理基础 X线的产生,X线的产生,X线的发现及简史X线的产生X线产生的条件,X线的产生X线的发现及简史,Wilhelm Roentgen,In October of 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) who was professor of physics and the director of the Physical Institute of t
2、he University of Warburg, became interested in the work of Hillorf, Crookes, Hertz, and Leonard. The previous June, he had obtained a Leonard tube from Muller and had already repeated some of the original experiments that Leonard had created. He had observed the effects Leonard had as he produced ca
3、thode rays in free air.,Wilhelm RoentgenIn October of,Wilhelm Roentgen,He became so fascinated that he decided to forego his other studies and concentrate solely on the production of cathode rays. One Friday evening, on November 8, 1895, he worked alone in his laboratory. It was the beginning of the
4、 weekend and all of his assistants had gone home.,Wilhelm RoentgenHe became so f,Wilhelm Roentgen,He had set up his experiment using a Crookes tube fitted with an anode and cathode, separated from each other by a few centimeters in the tube. He used a Rhumkoff induction coil to produce a difference
5、of potential of a few thousand volts, knowing that a stream of charged particles would originate in the cathode and would be attracted to the anode.,Wilhelm RoentgenHe had set up,Wilhelm Roentgen,The laboratory Roentgen worked in that evening was very similar to all other laboratories of those who w
6、orked before him, but the conditions that existed that evening varied in three very important ways. His laboratory was dark, his tube was covered with a light-proof cardboard jacket and a screen of fluorescent material lay on a table a few feet away from the apparatus.,Wilhelm RoentgenThe laboratory
7、,Wilhelm Roentgen,While passing the discharge, he suddenly noticed a shimmering light on the table top. He could not believe his eyes, so he again repeated the experiment. He released the discharge many times producing the same results each time. Greatly excited, he realized that the green fluoresce
8、nce was emanating from the screen. He repeated the experiment again, this time moving the screen further and further away and he still received the same results.,Wilhelm RoentgenWhile passing,Wilhelm Roentgen,Roentgen knew the fluorescence could not be produced by the cathode rays since it was well
9、known that they could not penetrate through the wall of the tube. Visible light could not be the stimulus since the tube was covered with a shield which was opaque to light. He boldly hypothesized that he must have been producing some unknown type of radiation。,Wilhelm RoentgenRoentgen knew,Wilhelm
10、Roentgen,Roentgen spent the next eight weeks in his laboratory repeating his experiments. He ate and even slept in his laboratory as he attempted to determine if the rays could penetrate substances besides the air. He placed various objects between the tube and screen and he found that the screen st
11、ill fluoresced but with different intensities depending on the material being used.,Wilhelm RoentgenRoentgen spent,Wilhelm Roentgen,When he placed a lead disk, which he was holding, in the cathode ray path he was astonished to find the shadow of the round circle appeared on the screen along with the
12、 outline of his thumb and forefinger and within them the bones of his hand! He replaced the screen with a photographic plate and employed his wife Bertha (Frau Roentgen) to place her hand on the photographic plate while he directed the rays at it for fifteen minutes.,Wilhelm RoentgenWhen he placed,W
13、ilhelm Roentgen,Roentgen hurriedly prepared his notes so that his first report On a New Kind of Rays could be published in the Proceedings of the Physical Medical Society of Wurburg on December 28, 1895. Not knowing what these emanations were he uses the term x-ray to describe the rays he was produc
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